Day: October 17, 2022

In 2016,Sahu, Sumit; Zhang, Bo; Pollock, Christopher J.; Durr, Maximilian; Davies, Casey G.; Confer, Alex M.; Ivanovic-Burmazovic, Ivana; Siegler, Maxime A.; Jameson, Guy N. L.; Krebs, Carsten; Goldberg, David P. published 《Aromatic C-F Hydroxylation by Nonheme Iron(IV)-Oxo Complexes: Structural, Spectroscopic, and Mechanistic Investigations》.Journal of the American Chemical Society published the findings.Quality Control of 2-(Bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The synthesis and reactivity of a series of mononuclear nonheme iron complexes that carry out intramol. aromatic C-F hydroxylation reactions is reported. The key intermediate prior to C-F hydroxylation, [FeIV(O)(N4Py2Ar1)](BF4)2 (1-O, Ar1 = -2,6-difluorophenyl), was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structure revealed a nonbonding C-H···O=Fe interaction with a CH3CN mol. Variable-field Mössbauer spectroscopy of 1-O indicates an intermediate-spin (S = 1) ground state. The Mössbauer parameters for 1-O include an unusually small quadrupole splitting for a triplet FeIV(O) and are reproduced well by d. functional theory calculations With the aim of investigating the initial step for C-F hydroxylation, two new ligands were synthesized, N4Py2Ar2 (L2, Ar2 = -2,6-difluoro-4-methoxyphenyl) and N4Py2Ar3 (L3, Ar3 = -2,6-difluoro-3-methoxyphenyl), with -OMe substituents in the meta or ortho/para positions with respect to the C-F bonds. FeII complexes [Fe(N4Py2Ar2)(CH3CN)](ClO4)2 (2) and [Fe(N4Py2Ar3)(CH3CN)](ClO4)2 (3) reacted with iso-Pr 2-iodoxybenzoate to give the C-F hydroxylated FeIII-OAr products. The FeIV(O) intermediates 2-O and 3-O were trapped at low temperature and characterized. Complex 2-O displayed a C-F hydroxylation rate similar to that of 1-O. In contrast, the kinetics (via stopped-flow UV-vis) for complex 3-O displayed a significant rate enhancement for C-F hydroxylation. Eyring anal. revealed the activation barriers for the C-F hydroxylation reaction for the three complexes, consistent with the observed difference in reactivity. A terminal FeII(OH) complex (4) was prepared independently to investigate the possibility of a nucleophilic aromatic substitution pathway, but the stability of 4 rules out this mechanism. Taken together the data fully support an electrophilic C-F hydroxylation mechanism. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of 2-(Bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide(cas: 31106-82-8Quality Control of 2-(Bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide)

2-(Bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide(cas: 31106-82-8) belongs to pyridine. In industry and in the lab, pyridine is used as a reaction solvent, particularly when its basicity is useful, and as a starting material for synthesizing some herbicides, fungicides, and antiseptics.Quality Control of 2-(Bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

In 2017,Fu, Haiyan; Shen, Peng-Xiang; He, Jian; Zhang, Fanglin; Li, Suhua; Wang, Peng; Liu, Tao; Yu, Jin-Quan published 《Ligand-Enabled Alkynylation of C(sp3)-H Bonds with Palladium(II) Catalysts》.Angewandte Chemie, International Edition published the findings.HPLC of Formula: 128071-75-0 The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The palladium(II)-catalyzed β- and γ-alkynylation of amide C(sp3)-H bonds is enabled by pyridine-based ligands. This alkynylation reaction is compatible with substrates containing α-tertiary or α-quaternary carbon centers. The β-methylene C(sp3)-H bonds of various carbocyclic rings were also successfully alkynylated. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-Bromonicotinaldehyde(cas: 128071-75-0HPLC of Formula: 128071-75-0)

2-Bromonicotinaldehyde(cas: 128071-75-0) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine is widely used in the precursor to agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. Also, it is used as an important reagent and organic solvent.HPLC of Formula: 128071-75-0

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

In 2017,Raji, Idris; Ahluwalia, Kabir; Oyelere, Adegboyega K. published 《Design, synthesis and evaluation of antiproliferative activity of melanoma-targeted histone deacetylase inhibitors》.Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters published the findings.Related Products of 29682-15-3 The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The clin. validation of histone deacetylase inhibition as a cancer therapeutic modality has stimulated interest in the development of new generation of potent and tumor selective histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi). With the goal of selective delivery of the HDACi to melanoma cells, we incorporated the benzamide, a high affinity melanin-binding template, into the design of HDACi to generate a new series of compounds 10a-b and 11a-b which display high potency towards HDAC1 and HDAC6. However, these compounds have attenuated antiproliferative activities relative to the untargeted HDACi. An alternative strategy furnished compound 14, a prodrug bearing the benzamide template linked via a labile bond to a hydroxamate-based HDACi. This pro-drug compound showed promising antiproliferative activity and warrant further study. In the experiment, the researchers used Methyl 5-bromopicolinate(cas: 29682-15-3Related Products of 29682-15-3)

Methyl 5-bromopicolinate(cas: 29682-15-3) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine’s structure is isoelectronic with that of benzene, but its properties are quite different. Pyridine is completely miscible with water, whereas benzene is only slightly soluble. Like all hydrocarbons, benzene is neutral (in the acid–base sense), but because of its nitrogen atom, pyridine is a weak base.Related Products of 29682-15-3

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

In 2019,European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry included an article by Li, Xue-Meng; Lv, Wei; Guo, Si-Yang; Li, Ya-Xin; Fan, Bing-Zhi; Cushman, Mark; Kong, Fan-Sheng; Zhang, Jun; Liang, Jian-Hua. Computed Properties of C5H5BrN2. The article was titled 《Synthesis and structure-bactericidal activity relationships of non-ketolides: 9-Oxime clarithromycin 11,12-cyclic carbonate featured with three-to eight-atom-length spacers at 3-OH》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

In general, potent non-ketolide versions of erythromycin possessed conformationally constricted two- or three-atom-length sidechains at 3-OH. Novel 14-membered non-ketolides possessing long spacers beyond three-atom length were evaluated for antibacterial activitcy. The most potent one is 34a, featuring a five-atom-length flexible linker from of a pyridine ring to the aglycon. Conversion of the pyridine of 34a to other aryl groups, changing the linker’s length of 34a to longer or shorter ones, and variation of the linker flexibility to a rigid olefin or alkyne led to decreased antibacterial activity. The hybrids of macrolides and quinolones 28b, 31 and 34b possessing various sidechains, unlike their 15-membered counterparts, were ineffective compared to 34a. Similar to the marketed ketolide telithromycin, the non-ketolide 34a proved to be a time-dependent bactericidal agent, but it exhibited superior in vivo pharmacokinetic properties such as longer half-life, higher plasma concentration, lower clearance and shorter time to reach the highest drug concentration relative to telithromycin. Mol. docking suggested 34a might π – π interact with the bacterial rRNA base G2505Ec. This study suggested that the bacteriostatic agent erythromycin can be structurally modified to afford a new bactericidal chemotype that targets the ribosome and is superior to ciprofloxacin with regard to its min. bactericidal concentration After reading the article, we found that the author used 6-Bromopyridin-3-amine(cas: 13534-97-9Computed Properties of C5H5BrN2)

6-Bromopyridin-3-amine(cas: 13534-97-9) belongs to anime. Nitrous acid converts secondary amines (aliphatic or aromatic) to N-nitroso compounds (nitrosamines): R2NH + HNO2 → R2N―NO. Some nitrosamines are potent cancer-inducing substances, and their possible formation is a serious consideration when nitrites, which are salts of nitrous acid, are present in foods or pharmaceutical preparations. Tertiary amines give rise to nitrosamines more slowly; an alkyl group is eliminated as an aldehyde or ketone, along with nitrous oxide, N2O.Computed Properties of C5H5BrN2

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

In 2019,Angewandte Chemie, International Edition included an article by Guin, Srimanta; Dolui, Pravas; Zhang, Xinglong; Paul, Satyadip; Singh, Vikas Kumar; Pradhan, Sukumar; Chandrashekar, Hediyala B.; Anjana, S. S.; Paton, Robert S.; Maiti, Debabrata. Application In Synthesis of Picolinic acid. The article was titled 《Iterative Arylation of Amino Acids and Aliphatic Amines via δ-C(sp3)-H Activation: Experimental and Computational Exploration》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Directed C-H functionalization has been realized as a complementary tool to the traditional approaches for a straightforward access of non-proteinogenic amino acids; albeit such a process is restricted mostly up to the γ-position. In the present work, we demonstrate the diverse (hetero)arylation of amino acids and analogous aliphatic amines selectively at the remote δ-position by tuning the reactivity controlled by ligands. An organopalladium δ-C(sp3)-H activated intermediate has been isolated and crystallog. characterized. Mechanistic investigations carried out exptl. in conjunction with computational studies shed light on the difference in the mechanistic picture depending on the substrate structure. The experimental process involved the reaction of Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6Application In Synthesis of Picolinic acid)

Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6) is used in the preparation of 2-Aminodihydro[1,3]thiazines as BACE 2 inhibitors and their preparation and use in the treatment of diabetes.Application In Synthesis of Picolinic acid

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

In 2019,Journal of the American Chemical Society included an article by Chi, Xiaodong; Cen, Wanglai; Queenan, Jack A.; Long, Lingliang; Lynch, Vincent M.; Khashab, Niveen M.; Sessler, Jonathan L.. Category: pyridine-derivatives. The article was titled 《Azobenzene-Bridged Expanded “”Texas-sized”” Box: A Dual-Responsive Receptor for Aryl Dianion Encapsulation》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

We report an expanded “”Texas-sized”” mol. box (AzoTxSB) that incorporates photoresponsive azobenzene bridging subunits and anion recognition motifs. The shape of this box can be switched through light induced E ↔ Z photoisomerization of the constituent azobenzenes. This allows various anionic substrates to be bound and released by using different forms of the box. Control can also be achieved using other environmental stimuli, such as pH and anion competition. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as 2,6-Dibromopyridine(cas: 626-05-1Category: pyridine-derivatives)

2,6-Dibromopyridine(cas: 626-05-1) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine’s structure is isoelectronic with that of benzene, but its properties are quite different. Pyridine is completely miscible with water, whereas benzene is only slightly soluble. Like all hydrocarbons, benzene is neutral (in the acid–base sense), but because of its nitrogen atom, pyridine is a weak base.Category: pyridine-derivatives

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

In 2019,Journal of Coordination Chemistry included an article by Momeni, Badri Zaman; Fathi, Nastaran; Janczak, Jan; Shahsavari, Zahra. Application In Synthesis of 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine. The article was titled 《Dihaloplatinum(II) complexes having diimine ligands: crystal structure, thermal properties, cytotoxicity effects against breast cancer cells and application as a precursor towards nanoparticles》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The reaction of potassium tetrachloroplatinate(II) with di-Me sulfide and a mixture of HBr/KBr affords trans-[PtBr2(SMe2)2]; [PtBr2(Me2bpy)] (Me2bpy = 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine) was prepared from the reaction of trans-[PtBr2(SMe2)2] with Me2bpy. The crystal structure of the yellow form of [PtBr2(bu2bpy)] (bu2bpy = 4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine) was determined by x-ray crystallog. The x-ray single-crystal structure determination of complex [PtBr2(bu2bpy)] reveals that the platinum adopts a square planar geometry with a twofold axis through the platinum atoms. Thermal properties of the related series of diimine platinum(II) complexes [PtX2(bu2bpy)] (X = Cl, Br, I) reveal that the thermal stabilities increase [PtI2(bu2bpy)] < [PtCl2(bu2bpy)] < [PtBr2(bu2bpy)]. [PtBr2(bpy)] (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine), [PtBr2(Me2bpy)] and [PtX2(bu2bpy)] (X = Cl, Br, I) were studied by MTT assay against two human breast cancer cell lines of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468 with [PtCl2(bu2bpy)] having a higher cytotoxic effect towards both cancer cell lines, which shows the significant role of the halide and diimine ligand. Semi-spherical Pt(0) nanoparticles (NPCs) were prepared by the simple calcination of [PtX2(bu2bpy)] (X = Cl, Br, I) at 800° in air. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,4'-Dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine(cas: 1134-35-6Application In Synthesis of 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine)

4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 1134-35-6) is used as a chemical Intermediate. It can be used for the determination of ferrous and cyanide compounds.Application In Synthesis of 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine Furthermore, 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine is used in the synthesis of a series of o-phenanthroline-substituted ruthenium(II) complexes.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

In 2019,Journal of the American Chemical Society included an article by Liu, Kanglei; Lalancette, Roger A.; Jakle, Frieder. Computed Properties of C6H6BrN. The article was titled 《Tuning the Structure and Electronic Properties of B-N Fused Dipyridylanthracene and Implications on the Self-Sensitized Reactivity with Singlet Oxygen》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

We demonstrate that the modification of anthracene with B ← N Lewis pairs at their periphery serves as a highly effective tool to modify the electronic structure with important ramifications on the generation and reactivity toward singlet oxygen. A series of BN-fused dipyridylanthracenes with Me groups in different positions of the pyridyl ring have been prepared via directed electrophilic borylation. The steric and electronic effects of the substituents on the structural features and electronic properties of the isomeric borane-functionalized products have been investigated in detail, aided by exptl. tools and computational studies. We find that BDPA-2Me, with Me groups adjacent to the pyridyl N, has the longest B-N distance and shows overall less structural distortions, whereas BDPA-5Me with the Me group close to the anthracene backbone experiences severe distortions that are reflected in the buckling of the anthracene framework and dislocation of the boron atoms from the planes of the Ph rings they are attached to. The substitution pattern also has a dramatic effect on the self-sensitized reactivity of the acenes toward O2 and the thermal release of singlet oxygen from the resp. endoperoxides. Kinetic analyses reveal that BDPA-2Me rapidly reacts with O2, whereas BDPA-5Me is converted only very slowly to its endoperoxide. However, the latter serves as an effective singlet oxygen sensitizer, as demonstrated in the preferential formation of the endoperoxide of dimethylanthracene in a competition experiment These results demonstrate that even relatively small modifications in the substitution of the pyridyl ring of BN-fused dipyridylanthracenes change the steric and electronic structure, resulting in dramatically different reactivity patterns. Our findings provide important guidelines for the design of highly effective sensitizers for singlet oxygen on one hand and the realization of materials that readily form endoperoxides in a self-sensitized manner and then thermally release singlet oxygen on demand on the other hand. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of 2-Bromo-5-methylpyridine(cas: 3510-66-5Computed Properties of C6H6BrN)

2-Bromo-5-methylpyridine(cas: 3510-66-5) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine is very deactivated towards electrophilic substitution with respect to benzene. For this reason classical formylation, using methods such as the Gattermann or Vilsmeier reactions, are not generally successful. Computed Properties of C6H6BrN

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

The author of 《Preparation and characterization of metallomicelles of Ru(II). Cytotoxic activity and use as vector》 were Lebron, J. A.; Ostos, F. J.; Lopez-Lopez, M.; Moya, M. L.; Kardell, O.; Sanchez, A.; Carrasco, C. J.; Garcia-Calderon, M.; Garcia-Calderon, C. B.; Rosado, I. V.; Lopez-Cornejo, P.. And the article was published in Colloids and Surfaces, B: Biointerfaces in 2019. Name: 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine The author mentioned the following in the article:

The use of nanovectors in several medicinal treatments has reached a great importance in the last decade. Some drugs need to be protected to increase their lifetimes in the blood flow, to avoid degradation, to be delivered into target cells or to decrease their side effects. The goal of this work was to design and prepare nanovectors formed by novel surfactants derived from the [Ru(bpy)3]2+ complex. These amphiphilic mols. are assembled to form metallomicelles which can act as pharmaceutical agents and, at the same time, as nanovectors for several drugs. TEM images showed a structural transition from spherical to elongated micelles when the surfactant concentration increased. Fluorescence microscopy confirmed the internalization of these metallomicelles into diverse cell lines and cytotoxicity assays demonstrated specificity for some human cancer cells. The encapsulation of various antibiotics was carried out as well as a thorough study about the DNA condensation by the metallomicelles. To the best of our knowledge, applications of these metallomicelles have not been shown in the literature yet.4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 1134-35-6Name: 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine) was used in this study.

4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 1134-35-6) is used as a chemical Intermediate. It can be used for the determination of ferrous and cyanide compounds.Name: 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine Furthermore, 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine is used in the synthesis of a series of o-phenanthroline-substituted ruthenium(II) complexes.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

The author of 《Development of Inhibitors against Mycobacterium abscessus tRNA (m1G37) Methyltransferase (TrmD) Using Fragment-Based Approaches》 were Whitehouse, Andrew J.; Thomas, Sherine E.; Brown, Karen P.; Fanourakis, Alexander; Chan, Daniel S.-H.; Libardo, M. Daben J.; Mendes, Vitor; Boshoff, Helena I. M.; Floto, R. Andres; Abell, Chris; Blundell, Tom L.; Coyne, Anthony G.. And the article was published in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2019. HPLC of Formula: 31106-82-8 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Mycobacterium abscessus (Mab) is a rapidly growing species of multidrug-resistant nontuberculous mycobacteria that has emerged as a growing threat to individuals with cystic fibrosis and other pre-existing chronic lung diseases. Mab pulmonary infections are difficult, or sometimes impossible, to treat and result in accelerated lung function decline and premature death. There is therefore an urgent need to develop novel antibiotics with improved efficacy. TRNA (m1G37) methyltransferase (TrmD) is a promising target for novel antibiotics. It is essential in Mab and other mycobacteria, improving reading frame maintenance on the ribosome to prevent frameshift errors. In this work, a fragment-based approach was employed with the merging of 2 fragments bound to the active site, followed by structure-guided elaboration to design potent nanomolar inhibitors against Mab TrmD. Several of these compounds exhibit promising activity against mycobacterial species, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae in addition to Mab, supporting the use of TrmD as a target for the development of antimycobacterial compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(Bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide(cas: 31106-82-8HPLC of Formula: 31106-82-8)

2-(Bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide(cas: 31106-82-8) belongs to pyridine. When pyridine is adsorbed on oxide surfaces or in porous materials, the following species are commonly observed: (i) pyridine coordinated to Lewis acid sites, (ii) pyridine H-bonded to weakly acidic hydroxyls, and (iii) protonated pyridine. At high coverage, physisorbed pyridine and protonated dimers can also be observed.HPLC of Formula: 31106-82-8

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem