Month: October 2022

Ham, Won Seok; Choi, Hoonchul; Zhang, Jianbo; Kim, Dongwook; Chang, Sukbok published the artcile< C2-Selective, Functional-Group-Divergent Amination of Pyrimidines by Enthalpy-Controlled Nucleophilic Functionalization>, Product Details of C6H4F3N, the main research area is aminopyrimidine preparation DFT; pyrimidine nucleophilic functionalization.

A synthetic platform for site-selective C-H functionalization that affords pyrimidinyl iminium salt intermediates, which then can be transformed into various amine products I (R = azanyl, 5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridin-1-yl, methylaminyl, etc.; R1 = H, Ph) in situ. was described. Mechanism-based reagent design allowed for the C2-selective amination of pyrimidines II, opening the new scope of site-selective heteroaryl C-H functionalization. This method is compatible with a broad range of pyrimidines II with sensitive functional groups, and can access complex aminopyrimidines I in high selectivity.

Journal of the American Chemical Society published new progress about Density functional theory. 3796-23-4 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C6H4F3N, Product Details of C6H4F3N.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Turley, Alexandra E.; Isaacs, Kristin K.; Wetmore, Barbara A.; Karmaus, Agnes L.; Embry, Michelle R.; Krishan, Mansi published the artcile< Incorporating new approach methodologies in toxicity testing and exposure assessment for tiered risk assessment using the RISK21 approach: Case studies on food contact chemicals>, Recommanded Product: 2-Mercaptopyridinen-oxide sodiumsalt, the main research area is food contact chem toxicity risk assessment RISK21 approach; Dibutyltin dichloride; Food additive; High-throughput screening; In-vitro in-vivo extrapolation; RISK21; Sodium (2-pyridylthio)-N-Oxide (pyrithione sodium); ToxCast.

Programs including the ToxCast project have generated large amounts of in vitro high-throughput screening (HTS) data, and best approaches for the interpretation and use of HTS data, including for chem. safety assessment, remain to be evaluated. To fill this gap, we conducted case studies of two indirect food additive chems. where ToxCast data were compared with in vivo toxicity data using the RISK21 approach. Two food contact substances, sodium (2-pyridylthio)-N-oxide and dibutyltin dichloride, were selected, and available exposure data, toxicity data, and model predictions were compiled and assessed. Oral equivalent doses for the ToxCast bioactivity data were determined by in-vitro in-vivo extrapolation (IVIVE). For sodium (2-pyridylthio)-N-oxide, bioactive concentrations in ToxCast assays corresponded to low- and no-observed adverse effect levels in animal studies. For dibutyltin dichloride, the ToxCast bioactive concentrations were below the dose range that demonstrated toxicity in animals; however, this was confounded by the lack of toxicokinetic data, necessitating the use of conservative toxicokinetic parameter estimates for IVIVE calculations This study highlights the potential utility of the RISK21 approach for interpretation of the ToxCast HTS data, as well as the challenges involved in integrating in vitro HTS data into safety assessments.

Food and Chemical Toxicology published new progress about Chemical safety. 3811-73-2 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H4NNaOS, Recommanded Product: 2-Mercaptopyridinen-oxide sodiumsalt.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Bokosi, Fostino R. B.; Beteck, Richard M.; Mbaba, Mziyanda; Mtshare, Thanduxolo E.; Laming, Dustin; Hoppe, Heinrich C.; Khanye, Setshaba D. published the artcile< Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of mono- and bisquinoline methanamine derivatives as potential antiplasmodial agents>, Product Details of C6H8N2, the main research area is quinoline methanamine preparation antimalarial; Antiplasmodial; Chloroquine-sensitive; Plasmodium falciparum; Quinoline.

Several classes of antimalarial drugs are currently available, although issues of toxicity and the emergence of drug resistant malaria parasites have reduced their overall therapeutic efficiency. Quinoline based antiplasmodial drugs have unequivocally been long-established and continue to inspire the design of new antimalarial agents. Herein, a series of mono- and bisquinoline methanamine derivatives were synthesized through sequential steps; Vilsmeier-Haack, reductive amination, and nucleophilic substitution, and obtained in low to excellent yields. The resulting compounds were investigated for in vitro antiplasmodial activity against the 3D7 chloroquine-sensitive strain of Plasmodium falciparum, and compounds I and II emerged as the most promising with IC50 values of 0.23 and 0.93μM, resp. The most promising compounds were also evaluated in silico by mol. docking protocols for binding affinity to the {0 0 1} fast-growing face of a hemozoin crystal model.

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters published new progress about Amines Role: PAC (Pharmacological Activity), RCT (Reactant), SPN (Synthetic Preparation), THU (Therapeutic Use), BIOL (Biological Study), RACT (Reactant or Reagent), PREP (Preparation), USES (Uses). 3731-53-1 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C6H8N2, Product Details of C6H8N2.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Nelson, Todd D.; Crouch, R. David published the artcile< Cu, Ni, and Pd mediated homocoupling reactions in biaryl syntheses: The Ullmann reaction>, Reference of 13472-84-9, the main research area is review Biaryl; review Homocoupling; review Pd; review Reaction; review Syntheses; review Ullmann; review Ni; review Cu; review Reactions; review Mediated.

A review of the article Cu, Ni, and Pd mediated homocoupling reactions in biaryl syntheses: The Ullmann reaction.

Organic Reactions (Hoboken, NJ, United States) published new progress about Organic synthesis. 13472-84-9 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C6H6ClNO, Reference of 13472-84-9.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Zhang, Youcan; Yin, Zhiping; Wang, Hai; Wu, Xiao-Feng published the artcile< Pd/C-Catalyzed Carbonylative Synthesis of 2-Aminobenzoxazinones from 2-Iodoaryl Azides and Amines>, COA of Formula: C6H8N2, the main research area is amine iodoaryl azide carbon monoxide palladium catalyst carbonylation; aminobenzoxazinone preparation.

A palladium-catalyzed carbonylative procedure for the synthesis of 2-aminobenzoxazinones from 1-azido-2-iodobenzenes and amines has been developed. A broad range of 2-aminobenzoxazinone derivatives, e.g., I were prepared in moderate to excellent yields by using Pd/C as the catalyst under CO atm. Notably, by using organic azides as the substrates, external oxidant usage can be successfully avoided and only forms N2 as the byproduct.

Organic Letters published new progress about Amines Role: RCT (Reactant), RACT (Reactant or Reagent). 3731-53-1 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C6H8N2, COA of Formula: C6H8N2.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Zhou, Sen; Sun, Ze-Ying; Zhu, Kongying; Zhao, Wentao; Tang, Xiangyang; Guo, Minjie; Wang, Guangwei published the artcile< Metal-Free Difunctionalization of Pyridines: Selective Construction of N-CF2H and N-CHO Dihydropyridines>, Quality Control of 350-03-8, the main research area is pyridine nitroalkane bromodifluoroacetate regioselective nucleophilic addition; nitroalkyl difluoromethyl dihydropyridine preparation; nitromethylene difluoromethyl dihydropyridine preparation; formyl difluoromethyl dihydropyridine preparation.

A novel nucleophilic addition of N-difluoromethylpyridinium salts with nitroalkanes to synthesize N-CF2H-dihydropyridines and N-CHO-dihydropyridines in a highly efficient and regioselective pathway was reported. This protocol exhibited good functional group tolerance and good to excellent yields.

Organic Letters published new progress about Alkanes, nitro Role: RCT (Reactant), RACT (Reactant or Reagent). 350-03-8 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C7H7NO, Quality Control of 350-03-8.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Close, Anne-Francoise; Chae, Heeyoung; Jonas, Jean-Christophe published the artcile< The lack of functional nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase only moderately contributes to the impairment of glucose tolerance and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in C57BL/6J vs C57BL/6N mice>, Safety of 1,2-Di(pyridin-2-yl)disulfane, the main research area is nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase glucose tolerance insulin; Genetic background; Glucose homeostasis; Glutathione redox state; Insulin secretion; Mitochondria; NADPH.

Nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT) is involved in mitochondrial NADPH production and its spontaneous inactivating mutation (NntTr [Tr, truncated]) is usually considered to be the main cause of the lower glucose tolerance of C57BL/6J vs C57BL/6N mice. However, the impact of this mutation on glucose tolerance remains disputed. Here, we singled out the impact of NntTr from that of other genetic variants between C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N mice on mitochondrial glutathione redox state (EGSH), glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and glucose tolerance. Male and female N5BL/6J mice that express wild-type Nnt (NntWT) or NntTr (N5-WT and N5-Tr mice) on the C57BL/6J genetic background were obtained by crossing N5BL/6J NntWT/Tr heterozygous mice. C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N mice were from Janvier Laboratories The Nnt genotype was confirmed by PCR and the genetic background by whole genome sequencing of one mouse of each type. Glucose tolerance was assessed by IPGTT, ITT and fasting/refeeding tests. Stimulus-secretion coupling events and GSIS were measured in isolated pancreatic islets. Cytosolic and mitochondrial EGSH were measured using the fluorescent redox probe GRX1-roGFP2 (glutaredoxin 1 fused to redox-sensitive enhanced GFP). The Nnt genotype and genetic background of each type of mouse were confirmed. As reported previously in C57BL/6N vs C57BL/6J islets, the glucose regulation of mitochondrial (but not cytosolic) EGSH and of NAD(P)H autofluorescence was markedly improved in N5-WT vs N5-Tr islets, confirming the role of NNT in mitochondrial redox regulation. However, ex vivo GSIS was only 1.2-1.4-times higher in N5-WT vs N5-Tr islets, while it was 2.4-times larger in C57BL/6N vs N5-WT islets, questioning the role of NNT in GSIS. In vivo, the ITT results did not differ between N5-WT and N5-Tr or C57BL/6N mice. However, the glucose excursion during an IPGTT was only 15-20% lower in female N5-WT mice than in N5-Tr and C57BL/6J mice and remained 3.5-times larger than in female C57BL/6N mice. Similar observations were made during a fasting/refeeding test. A slightly larger (∼30%) impact of NNT on glucose tolerance was found in males. Although our results confirm the importance of NNT in the regulation of mitochondrial redox state by glucose, they markedly downsize the role of NNT in the alteration of GSIS and glucose tolerance in C57BL/6J vs C57BL/6N mice. Therefore, documenting an NntWT genotype in C57BL/6 mice does not provide proof that their glucose tolerance is as good as in C57BL/6N mice.

Diabetologia published new progress about DNA Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 2127-03-9 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C10H8N2S2, Safety of 1,2-Di(pyridin-2-yl)disulfane.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Abramovitch, Rudolph A.; Helmer, Friederike; Liveris, M. published the artcile< Aromatic substitution. XVIII. Kinetics of reactions between some halopyridines and -picolines and their N-oxides with methoxide ion in methanol and in dimethyl sulfoxide. Effect of alkyl groups on rates and orientation in nucleophilic aromatic substitution>, Safety of 3-Chloro-2-methoxypyridine, the main research area is SUBSTITUTION AROM KINETICS; PIRIDINES SUBSTITUTION; KINETICS SUBSTITUTION AROM; AROM SUBSTITUTION KINETICS.

The rates and activation parameters for the reactions of 2-fluoro-, 2-chloro-, 2-bromo-, 2-chloro-3-methyl-, 2-chloro-5-methyl-, 2-bromo-3-methyl-, 2-bromo-5-methyl-, 2,3-dichloro-, 2,5-dichloro-, 2-chloro-3-nitro-, and 2-chloro-5-nitropyridines, and of 2-bromo-, 2-bromo-3-methyl-, and 2-bromo-5-methylpyridine N-oxides with MeOK in methanol were determined and compared. The kinetics of the reaction of 2-bromo-, 2-bromo-3-methyl-, and 2-bromo-5-methyl-pyridine and methoxide ion in Me2SO containing small amounts of methanol were also determined; the rates were very sensitive to the methanol concentration The rates were in the order 2-halo- > 2-halo-3-methyl- > 2-halo-5-methyl-, and were dependent upon Eact when the halogen was Br but upon ΔS when it was Cl. The effects of the β-substituent in the pyridine nucleus upon the orthopara ratios are discussed in terms of their effects upon the energies and entropies of activation. 29 references.

Journal of the Chemical Society [Section] B: Physical Organic published new progress about Activation energy. 13472-84-9 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C6H6ClNO, Safety of 3-Chloro-2-methoxypyridine.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Zeng, Haisu; Wu, Jing; Li, Sihan; Hui, Christina; Ta, Anita; Cheng, Shu-Yuan; Zheng, Shengping; Zhang, Guoqi published the artcile< Copper(II)-Catalyzed Selective Hydroboration of Ketones and Aldehydes>, Application In Synthesis of 350-03-8, the main research area is divalent copper catalyzed chemoselective hydroboration ketone aldehyde; nonanuclear copper complex one pot self assembly preparation.

A novel nonanuclear copper(II) complex obtained by a facile one-pot self-assembly was found to catalyze the hydroboration of ketones and aldehydes with the absence of an activator under mild, solvent-free conditions. The catalyst is air- and moisture-stable, displaying high efficiency (1980 h-1 turnover frequency, TOF) and chemoselectivity on aldehydes over ketones and ketones over imines. This represents a rare example of divalent copper catalyst for the hydroboration of carbonyls.

Organic Letters published new progress about Alcohols Role: SPN (Synthetic Preparation), PREP (Preparation). 350-03-8 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C7H7NO, Application In Synthesis of 350-03-8.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Nisbet, Matthew L.; Hiralal, Emily; Poeppelmeier, Kenneth R. published the artcile< Crystal structures of three copper(II)-2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) compounds, [Cu(bpy)2(H2O)]-[SiF6]·4H2O, [Cu(bpy)2(TaF6)2] and [Cu(bpy)3][TaF6]2 and a related coordination polymer,[Cu(bpy)(H2O)2SnF6]n>, COA of Formula: C10H8N2, the main research area is copper bipyridine compound coordination polymer crystal structure; copper; crystal structure; d0 early transition metal; hydro­thermal synthesis; main group; racemic compounds.

We report the hydrothermal syntheses and crystal structures of aquabis(2,2′-bipyridine-κ2N,N′)copper(II) hexafluoridosilicate tetrahydrate, [Cu(bpy)2(H2O)]-[SiF6]·4H2O (bpy is 2,2′-bipyridine, C10H8N2), (I), bis(2,2′-bipyridine-3κ2N,N′)-di-μ-fluorido-1:3κ2F:F;2:3κ2F:F-decafluorido-1κ5F,2κ5F-ditantalum(V)copper(II),[Cu(bpy)2(TaF6)2], (II), tris(2,2′-bipyridine-κ2N,N′)copper(II) bis[hexafluoridotantalate(V)], [Cu(bpy)3][TaF6]2, (III), and catena-poly[[diaqua(2,2′-bipyridine-κ2N,N′)copper(II)]-μ-fluorido-tetrafluoridotin-μ-fluorido], [Cu(bpy)(H2O)2SnF6]n, (IV). Compounds (I), (II) and (III) contain locally chiral copper coordination complexes with C2, D2, and D3 symmetry, resp. The extended structures of (I) and (IV) are consolidated by O-H····F and O-H····O hydrogen bonds. The structure of (III) was found to be a merohedral (racemic) twin.

Acta Crystallographica, Section E: Crystallographic Communications published new progress about Crystal structure. 366-18-7 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C10H8N2, COA of Formula: C10H8N2.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem