Month: October 2022

《Molecular Insights Into Di(2-Picolyl) Amine-Induced Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis in Human Kidney (HEK293) Cells》 was published in International Journal of Toxicology in 2020. These research results belong to Satyo, Lindelwa; Amoako, Daniel G.; Somboro, Anou M.; Sosibo, Sphelele C.; Kumalo, Hezekiel M.; Mhlongo, Ndumiso N.; Khan, Rene B.. Category: pyridine-derivatives The article mentions the following:

Di(2-picolyl) amine (DPA) is a pyridine derivative known to chelate metal ions and thus has potential anticancer properties; however, its effect on normal cells remains unchartered necessitating further research. This study, therefore, investigated the mechanistic effects of DPA-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in the HEK293 cell line. Methods required that an half the maximum inhibition concentration (IC50) was derived using the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Analyses aimed to assess oxidative stress, membrane damage, and DNA fragmentation by means of biochem. assays were performed. Luminometry anal. was carried out to understand the mechanism of apoptosis induction by determining the levels of ATP and the activities of caspase-8, -9, and -3/7. An IC50 of 1,079μM DPA was obtained. Antioxidant effect correlated with a min. increase in reactive oxygen species induced lipid peroxidation. The increase in initiator caspase-8 and -9 and executioner caspase-3/7 activities by DPA-induced apoptosis albeit prompting a decline in the levels of ATP. Furthermore, DPA brought about the following consequences on HEK293 cells: markedly elevated tail lengths of the comets, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 cleavage, and apoptotic body formation observed in the late stages. The cytotoxic effects of DPA in HEK293 cells may be mediated by induction of apoptosis via the caspase-dependent mechanism. In addition to this study using Bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amine, there are many other studies that have used Bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amine(cas: 1539-42-0Category: pyridine-derivatives) was used in this study.

Bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amine(cas: 1539-42-0) is a secondary amine with two picolyl substituents. As a tridentate ligand this compound provides three nitrogen donors that affords good selectivity for Zn2+ over biologically relevant metals such as Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+, and leaves coordination sites free for anion binding. Category: pyridine-derivatives

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

《Transient Absorption Spectroscopy Offers Mechanistic Insights for an Iridium/Nickel-Catalyzed C-O Coupling》 was written by Tian, Lei; Till, Nicholas A.; Kudisch, Bryan; MacMillan, David W. C.; Scholes, Gregory D.. Product Details of 94928-86-6 And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2020. The article conveys some information:

We report mechanistic insights into an iridium/nickel photocatalytic C-O cross-coupling reaction from time-resolved spectroscopic studies. Using transient absorption spectroscopy, energy transfer from an iridium photocatalyst to a catalytically relevant Ni(II)(aryl) acetate acceptor was observed Concentration-dependent lifetime measurements suggest the mechanism of the subsequent reductive elimination is a unimol. process occurring on the long-lived excited state of the Ni(II) complex. We envision that our study of the productive energy-transfer-mediated pathway would encourage the development of new excited-state reactivities in the field of metallaphotocatalysis that are enabled by light harvesting. In addition to this study using fac-Tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium, there are many other studies that have used fac-Tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium(cas: 94928-86-6Product Details of 94928-86-6) was used in this study.

fac-Tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium(cas: 94928-86-6) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine is a relatively complex molecule and exhibits a number of different bands in IR spectra. Among others, the bands characterizing the ν8a and ν19b modes have been found to be sensitive to the coordination or protonation of the molecule. Note that the band that is diagnostic for the PyH+ ion at about 1545 cm− 1 (ν19b mode) does not overlap with any of the other bands.Product Details of 94928-86-6

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

《Zinc-Mediated Template Synthesis of Fe-N-C Electrocatalysts with Densely Accessible Fe-Nx Active Sites for Efficient Oxygen Reduction》 was written by Chen, Guangbo; Liu, Pan; Liao, Zhongquan; Sun, Fanfei; He, Yanghua; Zhong, Haixia; Zhang, Tao; Zschech, Ehrenfried; Chen, Mingwei; Wu, Gang; Zhang, Jian; Feng, Xinliang. SDS of cas: 141-86-6 And the article was included in Advanced Materials (Weinheim, Germany) in 2020. The article conveys some information:

Owing to their earth abundance, high atom use, and excellent activity, single Fe atoms dispersed on N-doped carbons (Fe-N-C) have emerged as appealing alternatives to noble-metal Pt for catalyzing the O reduction reaction (ORR). However, the ORR activity of current Fe-N-C is seriously limited by the low d. and inferior exposure of active Fe-Nx species. Here, a novel Zn-mediated template synthesis strategy is demonstrated for constructing densely exposed Fe-Nx moieties on hierarchically porous C (SA-Fe-NHPC). During the thermal treatment of 2,6-diaminopyridine/ZnFe/SiO2 complex, the Zn prevents the formation of Fe carbide nanoparticles and the SiO2 template promotes the generation of hierarchically pores for substantially improving the accessibility of Fe-Nx moieties after subsequent leaching. As a result, the SA-Fe-NHPC electrocatalysts exhibit an unprecedentedly high ORR activity with a half-wave potential (E1/2) of 0.93 V in a 0.1 M KOH aqueous solution, which outperforms those for Pt/C catalyst and state-of-the-art noble metal-free electrocatalysts. As the air electrode in Zn-air batteries, the SA-Fe-NHPC demonstrates a large peak power d. of 266.4 mW cm-2 and superior long-term stability. Therefore, the developed Zn-mediated template synthesis strategy for boosting the d. and accessibility of Fe-Nx species paves a new avenue toward high-performance ORR electrocatalysts. In the experiment, the researchers used 2,6-Diaminopyridine(cas: 141-86-6SDS of cas: 141-86-6)

2,6-Diaminopyridine(cas: 141-86-6) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine and its simple derivatives are stable and relatively unreactive liquids, with strong penetrating odours that are unpleasant.SDS of cas: 141-86-6

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

《Rational Design and Synthesis of Hierarchical Porous Mn-N-C Nanoparticles with Atomically Dispersed MnNx Moieties for Highly Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction》 was written by Wang, Yunqiu; Zhang, Xiaoran; Xi, Shibo; Xiang, Xue; Du, Yonghua; Chen, Pinsong; Lyu, Dandan; Wang, Shuangbao; Tian, Zhi Qun; Shen, Pei Kang. Application In Synthesis of 2,6-Diaminopyridine And the article was included in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering in 2020. The article conveys some information:

Developing transition-metal excluding iron and cobalt-nitrogen-carbon (M-N-C) electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is critical to substantially promote the development of precious-metal-free metal-air batteries and fuel cells. In the work, Mn-N-C nanoparticles with atomically dispersed MnNx moieties were synthesized by pyrolyzing Mn-ion-dual-pyridine coordinated complex, which was obtained via a simple condensation reaction between 2,6-diamino-pyridine and 2,6-diacetyl-pyridine with MnCl2 as the Mn source. The precursor features with a characteristic structure of dual-pyridine ligand, which possesses a strong coordinating capability for Mn2+, facilitating the formation of highly dispersed nitrogen-coordinated Mn sites (MnNx). Attributed to the highly active at. MnNx sites, hierarchical pore structure, and high surface area of the Mn-N-C derived from the new precursor, it exhibits outstanding ORR performance in 0.1 M KOH with an almost direct four-electron reaction path and high selectivity of O2 into H2O (low H2O2 production < 3.5%). The half-wave potential of Mn-N-C is 0.88 V vs. RHE, which is 20 mV higher than that of com. Pt/C catalyst and reaches to the level of Fe-N-C catalyst obtained by the same method. Meanwhile, the feasibility of Mn-N-C for practical application is validated by its higher-performance power output in Zn-air battery with a maximum power d. of 132 mW cm-2 compared to that of Pt/C (121 mW cm-2) using the same catalyst loading of 1.0 mg cm-2. This work develops a convenient route to develop non-Fe or Co-N-C electrocatalyst for the ORR. Highly efficient Mn-N-C electrocatalysts with atomically dispersed MnNx moieties were developed for oxygen reduction reaction in Zn-Air batteries. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as 2,6-Diaminopyridine(cas: 141-86-6Application In Synthesis of 2,6-Diaminopyridine)

2,6-Diaminopyridine(cas: 141-86-6) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine and its simple derivatives are stable and relatively unreactive liquids, with strong penetrating odours that are unpleasant.Application In Synthesis of 2,6-Diaminopyridine

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

De Abreu, Maxime; Tang, Yue; Brachet, Etienne; Selkti, Mohamed; Michelet, Veronique; Belmont, Philippe published their research in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2021. The article was titled 《Silver-catalyzed tandem cycloisomerization/hydroarylation reactions and mechanistic investigations for an efficient access to 1,2-dihydroisoquinolines》.Category: pyridine-derivatives The article contains the following contents:

An efficient silver-catalyzed tandem reaction for the formation of 1,2-dihydroisoquinoline derivatives is herein reported. Highly functionalized multiheterocyclic scaffolds are accessible in a straightforward manner using readily accessible starting materials under mild conditions. This methodol. offers an attractive route for the synthesis and development of a biol. relevant new heterocyclic pharmacophore, merging the biol. activities of isoquinolines with those of various nitrogen-containing heterocycles (indoles, pyrroles) incorporated during the tandem reaction. Mechanistic investigations were also conducted along with a large scope and limitation study, modifying various sites of this pharmacophore. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found 2-Bromonicotinaldehyde(cas: 128071-75-0Category: pyridine-derivatives)

2-Bromonicotinaldehyde(cas: 128071-75-0) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine is very deactivated towards electrophilic substitution with respect to benzene. For this reason classical formylation, using methods such as the Gattermann or Vilsmeier reactions, are not generally successful. Category: pyridine-derivatives

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Liu, Lunjie; Gao, Mei-Yan; Yang, Haofan; Wang, Xiaoyan; Li, Xiaobo; Cooper, Andrew I. published an article in 2021. The article was titled 《Linear Conjugated Polymers for Solar-Driven Hydrogen Peroxide Production: The Importance of Catalyst Stability》, and you may find the article in Journal of the American Chemical Society.Electric Literature of C5H3Br2N The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is one of the most important industrial oxidants. In principle, photocatalytic H2O2 synthesis from oxygen and H2O using sunlight could provide a cleaner alternative route to the current anthraquinone process. Recently, conjugated organic materials have been studied as photocatalysts for solar fuels synthesis because they offer synthetic tunability over a large chem. space. Here, we used high-throughput experiments to discover a linear conjugated polymer, poly(3-4-ethynylphenyl)ethynyl)pyridine (DE7), which exhibits efficient photocatalytic H2O2 production from H2O and O2 under visible light illumination for periods of up to 10 h or so. The apparent quantum yield was 8.7% at 420 nm. Mechanistic investigations showed that the H2O2 was produced via the photoinduced stepwise reduction of O2. At longer photolysis times, however, this catalyst decomposed, suggesting a need to focus the photostability of organic photocatalysts, as well as the initial catalytic production rates. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2,5-Dibromopyridine(cas: 624-28-2Electric Literature of C5H3Br2N)

2,5-Dibromopyridine(cas: 624-28-2) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine is a relatively complex molecule and exhibits a number of different bands in IR spectra. Among others, the bands characterizing the ν8a and ν19b modes have been found to be sensitive to the coordination or protonation of the molecule. Note that the band that is diagnostic for the PyH+ ion at about 1545 cm− 1 (ν19b mode) does not overlap with any of the other bands.Electric Literature of C5H3Br2N

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Li, Bowen; Luo, Bangke; Yang, He; Tang, Wenjun published an article in 2022. The article was titled 《Heck Reaction of N-Heteroaryl Halides for the Concise Synthesis of Chiral α-Heteroaryl-substituted Heterocycles》, and you may find the article in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition.Name: Methyl 5-bromopicolinate The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The Heck reaction between N-heteroaryl halides and heterocyclic alkenes provides a convenient approach to biol. relevant α-heteroaryl functionalized heterocycles, yet reactions of this type have been challenging due to strong N-heteroaryl coordination to palladium metal, which causes catalyst poisoning. In this report, an efficient palladium-catalyzed Heck reaction between N-heteroaryl halides and heterocyclic olefins is established, leading to a variety of α-heteroaryl substituted heterocycles. The method features an unprecedented broad substrate scope and excellent functional group compatibility. The employment of a sterically bulky P, P=O ligand containing an anthryl moiety is crucial for this transformation due to the coordinative unsaturation facilitated by its steric bulkiness. The asym. variant of the Heck reaction is achieved with (S)-DTBM-SEGPHOS via a cationic palladium pathway, which has enabled an efficient asym. synthesis of (S)-nicotine and its analogs. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found Methyl 5-bromopicolinate(cas: 29682-15-3Name: Methyl 5-bromopicolinate)

Methyl 5-bromopicolinate(cas: 29682-15-3) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine is widely used in the precursor to agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. Also, it is used as an important reagent and organic solvent.Name: Methyl 5-bromopicolinate

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

In 2022,Liu, Zhong; He, Jia-Hao; Zhang, Ming; Shi, Zhu-Jun; Tang, Han; Zhou, Xin-Yue; Tian, Jun-Jie; Wang, Xiao-Chen published an article in Journal of the American Chemical Society. The title of the article was 《Borane-Catalyzed C3-Alkylation of Pyridines with Imines, Aldehydes, or Ketones as Electrophiles》.COA of Formula: C5H6BNO2 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Achieving C3-selective pyridine functionalization is a longstanding challenge in organic chem. The existing methods, including electrophilic aromatic substitution and C-H activation, often require harsh reaction conditions and excess pyridine and generate multiple regioisomers. Herein, authors report a method for borane-catalyzed tandem reactions that result in exclusively C3-selective alkylation of pyridines. These tandem reactions consist of pyridine hydroboration, nucleophilic addition of the resulting dihydropyridine to an imine, an aldehyde, or a ketone, and subsequent oxidative aromatization. Because the pyridine is the limiting reactant and the reaction conditions are mild, this method constitutes a practical tool for late-stage functionalization of structurally complex pharmaceuticals bearing a pyridine moiety. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found Pyridin-3-ylboronic acid(cas: 1692-25-7COA of Formula: C5H6BNO2)

Pyridin-3-ylboronic acid(cas: 1692-25-7) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine’s structure is isoelectronic with that of benzene, but its properties are quite different. Pyridine is completely miscible with water, whereas benzene is only slightly soluble. Like all hydrocarbons, benzene is neutral (in the acid–base sense), but because of its nitrogen atom, pyridine is a weak base.COA of Formula: C5H6BNO2

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

In 2022,Das, Sanjit; Nugegoda, Dinesh; Yao, Wenzhi; Qu, Fengrui; Figgins, Matthew T.; Lamb, Robert W.; Webster, Charles Edwin; Delcamp, Jared H.; Papish, Elizabeth T. published an article in European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. The title of the article was 《Sensitized and Self-Sensitized Photocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction Under Visible Light with Ruthenium Catalysts Shows Enhancements with More Conjugated Pincer Ligands》.Application In Synthesis of 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine The author mentioned the following in the article:

A new method to synthesize complexes of the type [(CNC)RuII(NN)L]n+ has been introduced, where CNC is a tridentate pincer composed of two (benz)imidazole derived NHC rings and a pyridyl ring, NN is a bidentate aromatic diimine ligand, L=bromide or acetonitrile, and n=1 or 2. Following this new method a series of six new complexes has been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic, analytic, crystallog., and computational methods. Their electrochem. properties have been studied via cyclic voltammetry under both N2 and CO2 atmospheres. Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO was performed using these complexes both in the presence (sensitized) and absence (self-sensitized) of an external photosensitizer. This study evaluates the effect of different CNC, NN, and L ligands in sensitized and self-sensitized photocatalysis. Catalysts bearing the benzimidazole derived CNC pincer show much better activity for both sensitized and self-sensitized photocatalysis as compared to catalysts bearing the imidazole derived CNC pincer. Furthermore, self-sensitized photocatalysis requires a diimine ligand for CO2 reduction with catalyst 2ACN being the most active catalyst in this series with TON=85 and TOF=22 h-1 with an electron donating 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridyl (dmb) ligand and a benzimidazole derived CNC pincer. In addition to this study using 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine, there are many other studies that have used 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 1134-35-6Application In Synthesis of 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine) was used in this study.

4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 1134-35-6) is used as a chemical Intermediate. It can be used for the determination of ferrous and cyanide compounds.Application In Synthesis of 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine Furthermore, 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine is used in the synthesis of a series of o-phenanthroline-substituted ruthenium(II) complexes.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

In 2022,Mohamed, Gehad G.; Omar, Mohamed M. A.; Moustafa, Bassant S.; AbdEl-Halim, Hanan F.; Farag, Nahla A. published an article in Inorganic Chemistry Communications. The title of the article was 《Spectroscopic investigation, thermal, molecular structure, antimicrobial and anticancer activity with modelling studies of some metal complexes derived from isatin Schiff base ligand》.Formula: C5H7N3 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Condensation reaction between isatin drug and 2,6-diaminopyridine in a 1:1 M ratio, has been applied to prepare a tridentate Schiff base ligand (L). A series of metal complexes Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) have been synthesized. Prepared compounds were characterized by elemental analyses, IR, 1H NMR, UV-visible, solid reflectance, molar conductivity, mass spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, TGA and DTG. From the anal. data, (metal:ligand) ratio was 1:1 with tetrahedral geometry except for Cr(III), Fe(III), Cd(II) and Cu(II) complexes which have an octahedral geometry. All complexes are electrolytes except Fe(III) and Cd(II) complexes are nonelectrolytes. The IR spectra suggested that the ligand is coordinated to the metal ions in a neutral tridentate manner. 1H NMR spectra confirm the participation of the amino group in coordination. In vitro antimicrobial activities for (L) and its complexes were performed. Fe(III), Cu(II) and Cd(II) complexes showed the highest antibacterial activity against S. aureus (G+ bacteria). While, Co(II) and Cd(II) complexes were the most active complexes against B. subtilis. Cd(II) and Ni(II) complexes also recorded the highest activity against G-Salmonella species and E. coli, resp. The results presented the equity of Ni(II) and Zn(II) antifungal activity against C. albicans. The cytotoxicity of the prepared compounds was experienced against breast cancer (MCF-7 cells viability). The results revealed that Mn(II) complex have the lowest IC50 value which indicates the highest activity rather than the other compounds To gain insight of the binding mode, the ligand (L) was docked with the active site receptors of (PDB code 3HB5, 6CGD, and 3LD6). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,6-Diaminopyridine(cas: 141-86-6Formula: C5H7N3)

2,6-Diaminopyridine(cas: 141-86-6) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine and its simple derivatives are stable and relatively unreactive liquids, with strong penetrating odours that are unpleasant.Formula: C5H7N3

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem