Month: October 2022

Reference of 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridineIn 2020 ,《A Multi-action and Multi-target RuII-PtIV Conjugate Combining Cancer-Activated Chemotherapy and Photodynamic Therapy to Overcome Drug Resistant Cancers》 was published in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition. The article was written by Karges, Johannes; Yempala, Thirumal; Tharaud, Mickael; Gibson, Dan; Gasser, Gilles. The article contains the following contents:

PtII complexes are commonly used to treat cancer. To reduce their side effects and improve their pharmacol. properties, PtIV complexes are being developed as prodrug candidates that are activated by reduction in cancer cells. Concomitantly, RuII polypyridine complexes have gained much attention as photosensitizers for use in photodynamic therapy due to their attractive characteristics. In this article, a novel PtIV-RuII conjugate, which combines cancer activated chemotherapy with PDT, is presented. Upon entering the cancer cell, the PtIV center is reduced to PtII and the axial ligands including the RuII complex and phenylbutyrate are released. As each component has its individual targets, the conjugate exerts a multi-target and multi-action effect with (photo-)cytotoxicity values upon irradiation up to 595 nm in the low nanomolar range in various (drug resistant) 2D monolayer cancer cells and 3D multicellular tumor spheroids. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 1134-35-6Reference of 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine)

4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 1134-35-6) is used in the synthesis of a series of o-phenanthroline-substituted ruthenium(II) complexes.Reference of 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine Furthermore, 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine is used as a chemical Intermediate. It can be used for the determination of ferrous and cyanide compounds.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

SDS of cas: 1134-35-6In 2020 ,《Rationally Designed Long-Wavelength Absorbing Ru(II) Polypyridyl Complexes as Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy》 was published in Journal of the American Chemical Society. The article was written by Karges, Johannes; Heinemann, Franz; Jakubaszek, Marta; Maschietto, Federica; Subecz, Chloe; Dotou, Mazzarine; Vinck, Robin; Blacque, Olivier; Tharaud, Mickael; Goud, Bruno; Vinuelas Zahinos, Emilio; Spingler, Bernhard; Ciofini, Ilaria; Gasser, Gilles. The article contains the following contents:

The utilization of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of various types of cancer has gained increasing attention over the last decades. Despite the clin. success of approved photosensitizers (PSs), their application is sometimes limited due to poor water solubility, aggregation, photodegradation, and slow clearance from the body. To overcome these drawbacks, research efforts are devoted toward the development of metal complexes and especially Ru(II) polypyridine complexes based on their attractive photophys. and biol. properties. Despite the recent research developments, the vast majority of complexes utilize blue or UV-A light to obtain a PDT effect, limiting the penetration depth inside tissues and, therefore, the possibility to treat deep-seated or large tumors. To circumvent these drawbacks, we present the first example of a DFT guided search for efficient PDT PSs with a substantial spectral red shift toward the biol. spectral window. Thanks to this design, we have unveiled a Ru(II) polypyridine complex that causes phototoxicity in the very low micromolar to nanomolar range at clin. relevant 595 nm, in monolayer cells as well as in 3D multicellular tumor spheroids.4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 1134-35-6SDS of cas: 1134-35-6) was used in this study.

4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 1134-35-6) is used in the synthesis of a series of o-phenanthroline-substituted ruthenium(II) complexes.SDS of cas: 1134-35-6 Furthermore, 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine is used as a chemical Intermediate. It can be used for the determination of ferrous and cyanide compounds.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Reference of 5-Bromo-2-chloropyridineIn 2013 ,《Discovery of SAR184841, a potent and long-lasting inhibitor of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, active in a physiopathological animal model of T2D》 was published in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. The article was written by Venier, Olivier; Pascal, Cecile; Braun, Alain; Namane, Claudie; Mougenot, Patrick; Crespin, Olivier; Pacquet, Francois; Mougenot, Cecile; Monseau, Catherine; Onofri, Benedicte; Dadji-Faihun, Rommel; Leger, Celine; Ben-Hassine, Majdi; Van-Pham, Thao; Ragot, Jean-Luc; Philippo, Christophe; Farjot, Geraldine; Noah, Lionel; Maniani, Karima; Boutarfa, Asma; Nicolai, Eric; Guillot, Etienne; Pruniaux, Marie-Pierre; Gussregen, Stefan; Engel, Christian; Coutant, Anne-Laure; de Miguel, Beatriz; Castro, Antonio. The article contains the following contents:

Starting from 11β-HSD1 inhibitors that were active ex vivo but with Cyp 3A4 liability, we obtained a new series of adamantane ureas displaying potent inhibition of both human and rodent 11β-HSD1 enzymes, devoid of Cyp 3A4 interactions, and rationally designed to provide long-lasting inhibition in target tissues. Final optimizations lead to SAR184841 with good oral pharmacokinetic properties showing in vivo activity and improvement of metabolic parameters in a physiopathol. model of type 2 diabetes. After reading the article, we found that the author used 5-Bromo-2-chloropyridine(cas: 53939-30-3Reference of 5-Bromo-2-chloropyridine)

5-Bromo-2-chloropyridine(cas: 53939-30-3) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine and pyridine-derived structures are privileged pharmacophores in medicinal chemistry and an essential functionality for organic chemists. As the prototypical π-deficient heterocycle, pyridine illustrates distinctive chemistry as both substrate and reagent. Reference of 5-Bromo-2-chloropyridine

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Name: 2-Bromo-5-methylpyridineIn 2019 ,《Anti-Markovnikov Hydroamination of Unactivated Alkenes with Primary Alkyl Amines》 was published in Journal of the American Chemical Society. The article was written by Miller, David C.; Ganley, Jacob M.; Musacchio, Andrew J.; Sherwood, Trevor C.; Ewing, William R.; Knowles, Robert R.. The article contains the following contents:

A photocatalytic method for the intermol. anti-Markovnikov hydroamination of unactivated olefins with primary alkyl amines to selectively furnish secondary amine products is reported. These reactions proceed through aminium radical cation (ARC) intermediates and occur at room temperature under visible light irradiation in the presence of an iridium photocatalyst and an aryl thiol hydrogen atom donor. Despite the presence of excess olefin, high selectivities are observed for secondary over tertiary amine products, even though the secondary amines are established substrates for ARC-based olefin amination under similar conditions.2-Bromo-5-methylpyridine(cas: 3510-66-5Name: 2-Bromo-5-methylpyridine) was used in this study.

2-Bromo-5-methylpyridine(cas: 3510-66-5) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine and pyridine-derived structures are privileged pharmacophores in medicinal chemistry and an essential functionality for organic chemists. As the prototypical π-deficient heterocycle, pyridine illustrates distinctive chemistry as both substrate and reagent. Name: 2-Bromo-5-methylpyridine

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Reference of 2,5-DibromopyridineIn 2020 ,《Exploration of the Solid-State Sorption Properties of Shape-Persistent Macrocyclic Nanocarbons as Bulk Materials and Small Aggregates》 was published in Journal of the American Chemical Society. The article was written by Schaub, Tobias A.; Prantl, Ephraim A.; Kohn, Julia; Bursch, Markus; Marshall, Checkers R.; Leonhardt, Erik J.; Lovell, Terri C.; Zakharov, Lev N.; Brozek, Carl K.; Waldvogel, Siegfried R.; Grimme, Stefan; Jasti, Ramesh. The article contains the following contents:

Porous mol. materials combine benefits such as convenient processability and the possibility for atom-precise structural fine-tuning which makes them remarkable candidates for specialty applications in the areas of gas separation, catalysis, and sensing. In order to realize the full potential of these materials and guide future mol. design, knowledge of the transition from mol. properties into materials behavior is essential. In this work, the class of compounds termed cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs)-shape-persistent macrocycles with built-in cavities and radially oriented π-systems-was selected as a conceptually simple class of intrinsically porous nanocarbons to serve as a platform for studying the transition from analyte sorption properties of small aggregates to those of bulk materials. In our detailed investigation, two series of CPPs were probed: previously reported hoop-shaped [n]CPPs and a novel family of all-phenylene figure-8 shaped (lemniscal) bismacrocycles, termed spiro[n,n]CPPs. A series of nanocarbons with different macrocycle sizes and heteroatom content have been prepared by atom-precise organic synthetic methods, and their structural, photophys., and electronic attributes were disclosed. Detailed exptl. studies (X-ray crystallog., gas sorption, and quartz-crystal microbalance measurements) and quantum chem. calculations provided ample evidence for the importance of the solid-state arrangement on the porosity and analyte uptake ability of intrinsically porous mol. nanocarbons. We demonstrate that this mol. design principle, i.e., incorporation of sterically demanding spiro junctions into the backbone of nanohoops, enables the manipulation of solid-state morphol. without significantly changing the nature and size of the macrocyclic cavities. As a result, the novel spiro[n,n]CPPs showed a remarkable performance as high affinity material for vapor analyte sensing. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2,5-Dibromopyridine(cas: 624-28-2Reference of 2,5-Dibromopyridine)

2,5-Dibromopyridine(cas: 624-28-2) belongs to pyridine. Pyridines, quinolines, and isoquinolines have found a function in almost all aspects of organic chemistry. Pyridine has found use as a solvent, base, ligand, functional group, and molecular scaffold. As structural elements, these moieties are potent electron-deficient groups, metal-directing functionalities, fluorophores, and medicinally important pharmacophores. Reference of 2,5-Dibromopyridine

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Quality Control of Pyridin-3-ylboronic acidIn 2020 ,《Chan-Evans-Lam N1-(het)arylation and N1-alkenylation of 4-fluoroalkylpyrimidin-2(1H)-ones》 was published in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry. The article was written by Tkachuk, Viktor M.; Lukianov, Oleh O.; Vovk, Mykhailo V.; Gillaizeau, Isabelle; Sukach, Volodymyr A.. The article contains the following contents:

The Chan-Evans-Lam reaction of 1-unsubstituted 4-fluoroalkylpyrimidin-2(1H)-ones with arylboronic acids was reported as a facile synthetic route to hitherto unavailable N1-(het)aryl and N1-alkenyl derivatives of the corresponding pyrimidines I [R = CH=CH2, Ph, 3-thienyl, etc.; R1 = CHF2, CF3, C2F5, CClF2; R2 = H, Br, CO2Me]. An efficient C-N bond-forming process was also observed by using boronic acid pinacol esters as coupling partners in the presence of Cu(II) acetate and boric acid. The 4-fluoroalkyl group on the pyrimidine ring significantly assists in the formation of the target N1-substituted products, in contrast to the 4-Me and 4-unsubstituted substrates which did not undergo N1-arylation under similar reaction conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used Pyridin-3-ylboronic acid(cas: 1692-25-7Quality Control of Pyridin-3-ylboronic acid)

Pyridin-3-ylboronic acid(cas: 1692-25-7) belongs to pyridine. Pyridines, quinolines, and isoquinolines have found a function in almost all aspects of organic chemistry. Pyridine has found use as a solvent, base, ligand, functional group, and molecular scaffold. As structural elements, these moieties are potent electron-deficient groups, metal-directing functionalities, fluorophores, and medicinally important pharmacophores. Quality Control of Pyridin-3-ylboronic acid

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Quality Control of Pyridin-3-ylboronic acidIn 2020 ,《Utilization of Multi-Heterodonors in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Molecules and Their High Performance Bluish-Green Organic Light-Emitting Diodes》 was published in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. The article was written by Balijapalli, Umamahesh; Tanaka, Masaki; Auffray, Morgan; Chan, Chin-Yiu; Lee, Yi-Ting; Tsuchiya, Youichi; Nakanotani, Hajime; Adachi, Chihaya. The article contains the following contents:

We report a series of pentacarbazolyl-benzonitrile derivatives such as 2,4,6-tri(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-3,5-bis(3,6-di(pyridin-3-yl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzonitrile (mPyBN), 3,5-bis(3,6-bis(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)-2,4,6-tri(9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzonitrile (pCF3BN), 2,4,6-tri(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-3-(3,6-di(pyridin-3-yl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)-5-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzonitrile (PyPhBN), 3-(3,6-bis(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)-2,4,6-tri(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-5-(3,6-di(pyridin-3-yl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzonitrile (PyCF3BN), and 3-(3,6-bis(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)-2,6-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-5-(3,6-di(pyridin-3-yl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)-4-(9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-9-yl)benzonitrile (CbPyCF3BN) in which some of the carbazoles are substituted with modified 3,5-di-Ph carbazoles, exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) properties. These emitters comprised two, three, and four different types of donors, capable of bluish-green emission of around 480 nm with relatively high photoluminescence quantum yields over 90% in solution Emitters, namely, PyPhBN, PyCF3BN, and CbPyCF3BN, composed of three and four different types of donors endowed a rather short delayed lifetime (τd) of 4.25, 5.01, and 3.65μs in their film state, resp. Bluish-green organic light-emitting diodes based on PyPhBN, PyCF3BN, and CbPyCF3BN exhibit a high external quantum efficiency of 20.6, 19.5, and 19.6%, resp., with unsurpassed efficiency roll-off behavior. These results indicate that the TADF properties of multidonor type mols. can be manipulated by controlling the types and number of electron donor units.Pyridin-3-ylboronic acid(cas: 1692-25-7Quality Control of Pyridin-3-ylboronic acid) was used in this study.

Pyridin-3-ylboronic acid(cas: 1692-25-7) belongs to pyridine. Pyridines, quinolines, and isoquinolines have found a function in almost all aspects of organic chemistry. Pyridine has found use as a solvent, base, ligand, functional group, and molecular scaffold. As structural elements, these moieties are potent electron-deficient groups, metal-directing functionalities, fluorophores, and medicinally important pharmacophores. Quality Control of Pyridin-3-ylboronic acid

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

《Chiral calcium catalysts with neutral coordinative ligands: enantioselective 1,4-addition reactions of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds to nitroalkenes》 was written by Tsubogo, Tetsu; Yamashita, Yasuhiro; Kobayashi, Shu. Name: 2,6-Bis((4S,5S)-4,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl)pyridine And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2009. The article conveys some information:

The asym. 1,4-addition reaction of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds to nitroalkenes was studied. Under catalytic amount of calcium salt in presence of chiral ligands, 2-substituted 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds were obtained in good yields and stereoselectivities. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as 2,6-Bis((4S,5S)-4,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl)pyridine(cas: 410092-98-7Name: 2,6-Bis((4S,5S)-4,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl)pyridine)

2,6-Bis((4S,5S)-4,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl)pyridine(cas: 410092-98-7) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The ring atoms in the pyridine molecule are sp2-hybridized. The nitrogen is involved in the π-bonding aromatic system using its unhybridized p orbital. Name: 2,6-Bis((4S,5S)-4,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl)pyridine Pyridine has a conjugated system of six π electrons that are delocalized over the ring.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

《Investigating the effects of thickness on the performance of ZnO-based DSSC》 was written by Kouhestanian, E.; Ranjbar, M.; Mozaffari, S. A.; Salaramoli, H.. Category: pyridine-derivativesThis research focused onzinc oxide dye sensitized solar cell investigating effect. The article conveys some information:

Zinc oxide nanostructures exhibit unique properties which make them suitable for dye-sensitized solar cell applications. Their specific properties such as appropriate optical properties, proper energy band gap and high electron transfer characteristics have motivated researchers to use them in the fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cell photo-anodes. In the present study, the effect of thickness on the performance of a new ZnO photo-anode has been studied. All the photovoltaic parameters of the cells fabricated using N719 ruthenium dye were measured. SEM technique was utilized to determine the thickness and the UV-Visible method was used to study the transparent properties of the photo-anodes. Electrochem. impedance spectroscopy technique was employed to determine the appropriate equivalent circuit for studying the electron transfer mechanisms in all the fabricated cells. The results demonstrated that the ZnO thickness is a critical parameter for providing either sufficient resistance to suppress the charge recombination process or appropriate electron transferring properties. The optimized ZnO photo-anode was obtained at a thickness of 19μm, which resulted in an efficiency of 3.22%. In addition to this study using 2,6-Diaminopyridine, there are many other studies that have used 2,6-Diaminopyridine(cas: 141-86-6Category: pyridine-derivatives) was used in this study.

2,6-Diaminopyridine(cas: 141-86-6) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine and its simple derivatives are stable and relatively unreactive liquids, with strong penetrating odours that are unpleasant.Category: pyridine-derivatives

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

HPLC of Formula: 138219-98-4On March 6, 2007, Karthikeyan, C. S.; Peter, Katja; Wietasch, Helga; Thelakkat, Mukundan published an article in Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells. The article was 《Highly efficient solid-state dye-sensitized TiO2 solar cells via control of retardation of recombination using novel donor-antenna dyes》. The article mentions the following:

Two series of heteroleptic tris(bipyridyl)Ru(II) and bis(bipyridyl)(NCS)2Ru(II) complexes have been synthesized and characterized. This is a part of a new concept of covalent linkage of donor-antenna groups, e.g., triphenylamine or N,N’-bis(phenyl)-N,N’-bis(3-methylphenyl)-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (TPD) to Ru(II) dye center. For the covalent attachment of donor units, a multi-step synthesis was carried out starting from 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine followed by chlorination and Wittig reaction with donor aldehydes. This was followed either by a metalation reaction using bis(4,4′-dicarboxy-2,2′-bipyridyl)Ru(II)dichloride (bpy(COOH)2Ru(II)2Cl2 2H2O) as precursor to get tris(bipyridyl) dyes or by a one pot synthesis starting from dichloro(p-cymene)Ru(II) dimer resulting in bis(bipyridyl)(NCS)2 dyes. The complexes (bpy(COOH)2)2(bpyMe2)Ru(II) 2PF6 and (bpy(COOH)2)(bpyMe2)(NCS)2Ru(II) without donor-antenna groups were also prepared to study and compare the properties. The influence of donor-antenna groups in these complexes was studied using UV-Vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The heteroleptic complexes carrying donor groups show appreciably broad absorption ranges and extraordinarily high extinction coefficients These high extinction coefficients are explained as due to the extended delocalization of π-electrons in the donor-antenna ligands. The HOMO/LUMO energy values obtained from cyclic voltammetry support the multi-step charge transfer cascade possible in these donor-antenna dyes. Examples of solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell utilizing these novel donor-antenna dyes revealed spectacular performances of power conversion efficiencies of up to 3.4%, for the dye carrying a TPD donor group as measured under AM 1.5 spectral conditions. This is attributed to highly efficient light harvesting of these novel dyes and the improved charge transfer dynamics at TiO2-dye and dye-hole conductor interfaces. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of 4,4′-Bis(chloromethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 138219-98-4HPLC of Formula: 138219-98-4)

4,4′-Bis(chloromethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 138219-98-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Several pyridine derivatives play important roles in biological systems. While its biosynthesis is not fully understood, nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) occurs in some bacteria, fungi, and mammals. HPLC of Formula: 138219-98-4

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem