Month: October 2022

In 2019,International journal of environmental research and public health included an article by Tlotleng, Nonhlanhla; Kootbodien, Tahira; Wilson, Kerry; Made, Felix; Mathee, Angela; Ntlebi, Vusi; Kgalamono, Spo; Mokone, Moses; Du Preez, Karen; Naicker, Nisha. Category: pyridine-derivatives. The article was titled 《Prevalence of Respiratory Health Symptoms among Landfill Waste Recyclers in the City of Johannesburg, South Africa.》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

In developing countries, waste sorting and recycling have become a source of income for poorer communities. However, it can potentially pose significant health risks. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of acute respiratory symptoms and associated risk factors for respiratory health outcomes among waste recyclers. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 361 waste recyclers at two randomly selected landfill sites in Johannesburg. Convenience sampling was used to sample the waste recyclers. The prevalence of respiratory symptoms in the population was 58.5%. A persistent cough was the most common symptom reported (46.8%), followed by breathlessness (19.6%) and rapid breathing (15.8%). Approximately 66.4% of waste recyclers reported exposure to chemicals and 96.6% reported exposure to airborne dust. A multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that exposure to waste containing chemical residues (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.01-3.22 p = 0.044) increased the odds of respiratory symptoms. There was a significant difference in respiratory symptoms in landfill sites 1 and 2 (OR 2.77, 95% CI 1.03-7.42 p = 0.042). Occupational health and safety awareness is important to minimize hazards faced by informal workers. In addition, providing waste recyclers with the correct protective clothing, such as respiratory masks, and training on basic hygiene practices, could reduce the risks associated with waste sorting. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as 2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)pyridine(cas: 103-74-2Category: pyridine-derivatives)

2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)pyridine(cas: 103-74-2) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine is very deactivated towards electrophilic substitution with respect to benzene. For this reason classical formylation, using methods such as the Gattermann or Vilsmeier reactions, are not generally successful. Category: pyridine-derivatives

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

《Crystal structure of 4,15-dimethyl-7,12-diazoniatricyclo[10.4.0.02,7]-hexadeca-1(12),2,4,6,13,15-hexaene dibromide monohydrate》 was published in Acta Crystallographica, Section E: Crystallographic Communications in 2020. These research results belong to Behrman, Edward J.; Hansen, Alexandar L.; Yuan, Chunhua; Parkin, Sean. Synthetic Route of C12H12N2 The article mentions the following:

The title compound, C16H20N22+·2Br-·H2O (1) is a member of the class of compounds called viologens. Viologens are quaternary salts of dipyridyls and are especially useful as redox indicators as a result of their large neg. one-electron reduction potentials. Compound 1 consists of a dication composed of a pair of 4-methylpyridine rings mutually joined at the 2-position, with a dihedral angle between the pyridine rings of 62.35 (4)° . In addition, the rings are tethered via the pyridine nitrogen atoms by a tetramethylene bridge. Charge balance is provided by a pair of bromide anions, which are hydrogen bonded to a single water mol. [DO·cdtcdtBr = 3.3670 (15) and 3.3856 (15) Å]. The crystal structure of 1, details of an improved synthesis, and a full anal. of its NMR spectra are presented.4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 1134-35-6Synthetic Route of C12H12N2) was used in this study.

4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 1134-35-6) is used as a chemical Intermediate. It can be used for the determination of ferrous and cyanide compounds.Synthetic Route of C12H12N2 Furthermore, 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine is used in the synthesis of a series of o-phenanthroline-substituted ruthenium(II) complexes.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

In 1970,Journal of the Chemical Society [Section] B: Physical Organic included an article by Campbell, Arthur Derek; Chooi, S. Y.; Deady, L. W.; Shanks, R. A.. Safety of Methyl 5-methoxypicolinate. The article was titled 《Transmission of substituent effects of pyridines. I. Alkaline hydrolysis of some 3- and 4-substituted methyl pyridinecarboxylates》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The alk. hydrolysis of Me 5-(X-substituted)picolinates, Me 4-(X-substituted)picolinates, and Me 5-(X-substituted)nicotinates (X = NO2, Br, H, MeO, or Me2N) in methanol-water (85% wt/wt) is reported. In each series, the effect of the substituent and ring N are additive and the rates may be correlated with Hammett σm and σp values. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 5-methoxypicolinate(cas: 29681-39-8Safety of Methyl 5-methoxypicolinate)

Methyl 5-methoxypicolinate(cas: 29681-39-8) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine, its benzo and pyridine-based compounds play diverse roles in organic chemistry. As ligands, solvents, and catalysts they facilitate reactions; thus descriptions of these new ligands and their applications abound each year.Safety of Methyl 5-methoxypicolinate

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

The author of 《An effective surface modification strategy with high reproducibility for simultaneously improving efficiency and stability of inverted MA-free perovskite solar cells》 were Zhu, Hongmei; Wu, Shaohang; Yao, Jiaxu; Chen, Rui; Pan, Ming; Chen, Weitao; Zhou, Jing; Zhang, Wenjun; Wang, Tao; Chen, Wei. And the article was published in Journal of Materials Chemistry A: Materials for Energy and Sustainability in 2019. Application of 1122-54-9 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become the front-running photovoltaic technol. and have triggered enormous research interest worldwide owing to their ultra-high solar-to-elec. power conversion efficiency and low fabrication costs, but their poor intrinsic stability issues still constitute the main obstacles that hinder their rapid commercialization. Herein, we demonstrate that, by carefully designing the modifier’s mol. structure, a facile, highly reproducible and scalable surface modification strategy can effectively enhance both the stability and efficiency of inverted PSCs. The most efficient modifier (2-acetylpyridine) can not only passivate the surface traps of the perovskite film but also enhance its stability against moisture by forming a hydrophobic capping layer on top. Accordingly, the efficiency of the inverted PSC has been improved from 16.75% to 20.05% for the best-performing one, which is, to our knowledge, among the highest values for inverted MA-free PSCs. More encouragingly, the stability of the modified devices can also be largely enhanced: the devices retained 95%, 90%, and 91% of their initial efficiencies after storage in the dark in ambient air for 2000 h, 85°C thermal aging for 500 h in the dark, and light soaking at 45°C for 500 h, resp. In the experiment, the researchers used 4-Acetylpyridine(cas: 1122-54-9Application of 1122-54-9)

4-Acetylpyridine(cas: 1122-54-9) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine derivatives lend themselves to many roles in the spirited field of supramolecular chemistry – whether as the ligand backbone of metal-organic polymers or presiding over the key electronic stations of nanodevices. In biochemistry, pyridine-containing cofactors are necessary nutrients on which our lives depend. Application of 1122-54-9

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

《Constructing antibacterial polymer nanocapsules based on pyridine quaternary ammonium salt》 was written by Zeng, Minghao; Xu, Jiayun; Luo, Quan; Hou, Chunxi; Qiao, Shanpeng; Fu, Shuang; Fan, Xiaotong; Liu, Junqiu. COA of Formula: C6H4N2This research focused ontrispyridyl triazine dibromoethane copolymer nanocapsule preparation antibacterial; Antibacterial; Cationic polymer nanocapsule; Pyridine quaternary ammonium salt. The article conveys some information:

Excessive use of antibiotics accelerates the development and spread of drug-resistant strains, which is a huge challenge for the field of medical health worldwide. Quaternary ammonium salt polymers are considered to be membrane-active bactericidal groups with vast potential to control bacterial infections and inhibit drug resistance. Herein, we report on the creative synthesis and characterization of novel antimicrobial polymer nanocapsules based on pyridine quaternary ammonium salt. The antimicrobial polymer nanocapsules were formed by reaction of C3 sym. rigid monomer 2,4,6-tris(4-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TPT) and a flexible linker 1,2-dibromoethane. The polymer nanocapsule was constructed as a cationic hollow sphere composed of a two-dimensional sheet whose main chain was formed by the pyridine quaternary ammonium salt, and a part of the bromide ion was adsorbed on the sphere. This hollow nanocapsule was characterized in detail by DLS, SEM, TEM, AFM, EDS and EA. When the cationic polymer nanocapsules are close to the Gram-neg. Escherichia coli, the neg. charged phospholipid mols. in the bacterial membrane are attracted to the cationic surface and lead to rupture of cells. SEM confirmed the breakage of Escherichia coli membranes. The min. inhibitory concentration was found to be 0.04 mg/mL, and the min. bactericidal concentration was 0.1 mg/mL. Our experiments demonstrated that the adsorption of neg. charged phospholipid mols. on the surface of the pyridine quaternary ammonium salt polymer can kill Gram-neg. bacteria without inserting quaternary ammonium salt hydrophobic groups into the cell membrane. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Cyanopyridine(cas: 100-48-1COA of Formula: C6H4N2)

4-Cyanopyridine(cas: 100-48-1) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine-based materials are valued for their optical and physical properties as well as their medical potential. Additionally, pyridine-based natural products continue to be discovered and studied for their properties and to understand their biosynthesis.COA of Formula: C6H4N2

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

《Osmium sensitizer with enhanced spin-orbit coupling for panchromatic dye-sensitized solar cells》 was published in Journal of Materials Chemistry A: Materials for Energy and Sustainability in 2020. These research results belong to Juwita, Ratna; Lin, Jian-You; Lin, Shi-Jie; Liu, Yu-Chi; Wu, Tsung-Yu; Feng, Yu-Ming; Chen, Chia-Yuan; Gavin Tsai, Hui-Hsu; Wu, Chun-Geuy. COA of Formula: C12H12N2 The article mentions the following:

Low-lying triplet metal-to-ligand charge transfer (3MLCT) transitions of osmium complexes induced by spin-orbit coupling (SOC) are promising for extending the photocurrent response in dye-sensitized solar cells. In this study, a new osmium complex (CYC-33O) is presented, incorporating a 2-thiohexyl-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene functionalized bipyridyl ancillary ligand to red-shift the absorption and enhance the absorbance of singlet and triplet metal-to-ligand charge transfer (1MLCT and 3MLCT) transitions. Time-dependent d. functional theory (TDDFT) calculations show that the reinforced 1MLCT and 3MLCT transitions of CYC-33O are mainly from osmium to the 4,4′,4′′-tricarboxy-2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine anchoring ligand, increasing the heterogeneous electron transfer between CYC-33O and TiO2. The device sensitized with CYC-33O exhibits panchromatic conversion beyond 1000 nm, yielding a photocurrent d. of 19.38 mA cm-2, which is much higher than those of the cells based on the ruthenium analog (CYC-33R) and model osmium complex (Os-3) sensitizers. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 1134-35-6COA of Formula: C12H12N2)

4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 1134-35-6) is used as a chemical Intermediate. It can be used for the determination of ferrous and cyanide compounds.COA of Formula: C12H12N2 Furthermore, 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine is used in the synthesis of a series of o-phenanthroline-substituted ruthenium(II) complexes.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Qian, Yingjie; So, Jaeil; Lee, Myeong Yeon; Hwang, Sosan; Jin, Myung-Jong; Shim, Sang Eun published an article in Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry (Amsterdam, Netherlands). The title of the article was 《Synthesis of novel and room temperature-operable palladium complexes on graphene oxide: An efficient recyclable catalyst for Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions》.HPLC of Formula: 39856-58-1 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Novel palladium complexes composed of palladium and a conjugated ligand (imine-aldehyde) were immobilized on graphene oxide. The developed catalyst was characterized by XPS, and TEM. The novel catalyst was proven to be highly efficient for the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction of aryl halides (Br, Cl) with arylboronic acids under mild conditions with a low amount of catalyst (0.1 mol%). In particular, excellent yields could be also obtained at room temperature within 1 h for monosubstituted aryl bromide coupling. Furthermore, the novel catalyst could be reused at least ten times without significant loss of its catalytic activities.2-Bromopyridin-3-amine(cas: 39856-58-1HPLC of Formula: 39856-58-1) was used in this study.

2-Bromopyridin-3-amine(cas: 39856-58-1) belongs to anime. The reaction of alkyl halides, R―X, where X is a halogen, or analogous reagents with ammonia (or amines) is useful with certain compounds. Not all alkyl halides are effective reagents; the reaction is sluggish with secondary alkyl groups and fails with tertiary ones. Its usefulness is largely confined to primary alkyl halides (those having two hydrogen atoms on the reacting site).HPLC of Formula: 39856-58-1

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

《Hydrothermal syntheses, structures and properties of a series of new hybrid iodometallates containing rare cross-shaped spirobifluorene derivatives》 was written by Yang, Lili; Zhou, Jian; An, Litao; Cao, Shumei. Formula: C5H6BNO2 And the article was included in Materials Science & Engineering, B: Advanced Functional Solid-State Materials in 2020. The article conveys some information:

A series of new hybrid iodometallates [H4Spiro-4-py]n[Cu7I10]n(I3-)n·0.5(I2)n·nH2O (1), [Cu2I2(Spiro-3-py)]n·0.75n(DMF)·0.25nH2O (2), [H2Spiro-4-py][H3Spiro-4-py][Ag10I20]0.5·H2O (3) and [H2Spiro-4-py]n[H3Spiro-4-py]n[Ag8I13]n·2.5H2O (4) were hydrothermal synthesized. 1 Contains 1-D chain [Cu7I10]n based on new [Cu7I12] cluster, free I3- anions and I2 mols., which are interconnected by weak I···I interactions to generate a novel polyiodide {[Cu7I10](I3-)·(I2)}n framework. 2 Features a neutral sql layer [Cu2I2(Spiro-3-py)]n constructed by the interconnection of the {Cu2I2} dimers and Spiro-3-py ligands. The anionic [Ag10I20]10- framework of 3 can be described as an aggregation of two tetrameric [Ag4I8] clusters and one dimeric [Ag2I6] unit via sharing corner. The 1-D anionic chain [Ag8I5-13]n of 4 is built up from the alternate connection of tetrameric [Ag4I8] units and rare larger [Ag12I20] clusters, which offers the only example of 1-D iodoargentates based on two types of iodoargentate clusters. The optical and photoelectronic properties of all compounds were also studied. In the experiment, the researchers used Pyridin-3-ylboronic acid(cas: 1692-25-7Formula: C5H6BNO2)

Pyridin-3-ylboronic acid(cas: 1692-25-7) belongs to pyridine. Pyridines form stable salts with strong acids. Pyridine itself is often used to neutralize acid formed in a reaction and as a basic solvent. Formula: C5H6BNO2

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

In 2017,Liu, Boao; Dang, Feifan; Feng, Zhao; Tian, Zhuanzhuan; Zhao, Jiang; Wu, Yong; Yang, Xiaolong; Zhou, Guijiang; Wu, Zhaoxin; Wong, Wai-Yeung published 《Novel iridium(III) complexes bearing dimesitylboron groups with nearly 100% phosphorescent quantum yields for highly efficient organic light-emitting diodes》.Journal of Materials Chemistry C: Materials for Optical and Electronic Devices published the findings.SDS of cas: 29682-15-3 The information in the text is summarized as follows:

A series of cyclometalated iridium (III) complexes, Ir-B-1, Ir-B-2, Ir-B-3, and Ir-B-4, were synthesized with the 2-phenylpyridine (ppy) type main ligand possessing a dimesitylboron group and the auxiliary ligand containing other main-group element units showing unique charge injection/transporting features. Their thermal stability, photophys. and electrochem. properties, and electroluminescent (EL) performances have been characterized. Time-dependent d. functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations were carried out to study the photophys. properties of these complexes. All these complexes can emit intense orange phosphorescence with extremely high quantum yields of nearly 100% measured in neat films at room temperature Moreover, the solution-processed organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) using these complexes as orange emitters can show very high EL efficiencies with the maximum luminance efficiency (ηL) of 85.1 cd A-1, corresponding to a power efficiency (ηP) of 69.7 lm W-1 and an external quantum efficiency (ηext) of 28.1%. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as Methyl 5-bromopicolinate(cas: 29682-15-3SDS of cas: 29682-15-3)

Methyl 5-bromopicolinate(cas: 29682-15-3) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine is a relatively complex molecule and exhibits a number of different bands in IR spectra. Among others, the bands characterizing the ν8a and ν19b modes have been found to be sensitive to the coordination or protonation of the molecule. Note that the band that is diagnostic for the PyH+ ion at about 1545 cm− 1 (ν19b mode) does not overlap with any of the other bands.SDS of cas: 29682-15-3

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

《A new mononuclear zinc(II) complex: Crystal structure, DNA- and BSA-binding, and molecular modeling; in vitro cytotoxicity of the Zn(II) complex and its nanocomplex》 was written by Daryanavard, Marzieh; Jannesari, Zahra; Javeri, Mandana; Abyar, Fatemeh. Recommanded Product: 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine And the article was included in Spectrochimica Acta, Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy in 2020. The article conveys some information:

A new mononuclear Zn(II) complex, [Zn(Me2bpy)3](PF6)2·DMF (Me2bpy = 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine), has been synthesized and fully characterized. Binding studies of the Zn(II) complex with fish sperm DNA (FS-DNA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were investigated using cyclic voltammetry, UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopies. The results showed that the majority of the interaction modes between the Zn(II) complex and DNA is a combination of the electrostatic and minor groove bindings, and the microenvironment of three aromatic amino acids residues is changed due to the interaction of the Zn(II) complex with BSA. In vitro cytotoxicity studies of the Zn(II) complex and its nanocomplex against three human carcinoma cell lines (MCF-7, A-549, and HT-29) using an MTT assay indicated that the cytotoxicity of both compounds against HT-29 and MCF-7 is higher than A-549. Moreover, the results clearly demonstrated that the aqueous colloid of the Zn(II) nanocomplex is more effective than the complex solution against HT-29 and MCF-7 cells under the same exptl. conditions. The microscopic analyses of the cancer cells showed that the Zn(II) complex apparently induces the cell apoptosis. The interactions of the Zn(II) complex with DNA and BSA were also modeled using mol. docking. The results are in good agreement with the exptl. findings. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 1134-35-6Recommanded Product: 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine)

4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 1134-35-6) is used as a chemical Intermediate. It can be used for the determination of ferrous and cyanide compounds.Recommanded Product: 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine Furthermore, 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine is used in the synthesis of a series of o-phenanthroline-substituted ruthenium(II) complexes.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem