Month: October 2022

《Discovery and Optimization of Non-bile Acid FXR Agonists as Preclinical Candidates for the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis》 was written by Li, Junyou; Liu, Mengqi; Li, Yazhou; Sun, Dan-dan; Shu, Zhihao; Tan, Qian; Guo, Shimeng; Xie, Rongrong; Gao, Lixin; Ru, Hongbo; Zang, Yi; Liu, Hong; Li, Jia; Zhou, Yu. Product Details of 29682-15-3 And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2020. The article conveys some information:

Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) plays a key role in bile acid homeostasis, inflammation, fibrosis, and metabolism of lipid and glucose and becomes a promising therapeutic target for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) or other FXR-dependent diseases. The phase III trial results of obeticholic acid demonstrate that the FXR agonists emerge as a promising intervention in patients with NASH and fibrosis, but this bile acid-derived FXR agonist brings severe pruritus and an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease for patients. Herein, we reported our efforts in the discovery of a series of non-bile acid FXR agonists, and 36 compounds were designed and synthesized based on the structure-based drug design and structural optimization strategies. Particularly, compound 42(I) is a highly potent and selective FXR agonist, along with good pharmacokinetic profiles, high liver distribution, and preferable in vivo efficacy, indicating that it is a potential candidate for the treatment of NASH or other FXR-dependent diseases. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of Methyl 5-bromopicolinate(cas: 29682-15-3Product Details of 29682-15-3)

Methyl 5-bromopicolinate(cas: 29682-15-3) belongs to pyridine. When pyridine is adsorbed on oxide surfaces or in porous materials, the following species are commonly observed: (i) pyridine coordinated to Lewis acid sites, (ii) pyridine H-bonded to weakly acidic hydroxyls, and (iii) protonated pyridine. At high coverage, physisorbed pyridine and protonated dimers can also be observed.Product Details of 29682-15-3

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

《Nickel-Catalyzed Sonogashira C(sp)-C(sp2) Coupling through Visible-Light Sensitization》 was written by Zhu, Da-Liang; Xu, Ruijie; Wu, Qi; Li, Hai-Yan; Lang, Jian-Ping; Li, Hong-Xi. SDS of cas: 2510-22-7 And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2020. The article conveys some information:

An efficient method for visible-light-initiated, nickel-catalyzed Sonogashira C(sp)-C(sp2) coupling has been developed via an energy-transfer mode. Thioxanthen-9-one as a photosensitizer could significantly accelerate the arylation of alkynes with a wide range of (hetero)aryl halides in high yields. The cross-coupling reaction undergoes the stepwise oxidative addition of an arylhalide to nickel(0), transmetalation of the resulting aryl-Ni(II) halide species with Zn(II) acetylide into aryl-Ni(II) acetylide species, energy transfer from the excited state of thioxanthen-9-one to aryl-Ni(II) acetylide, and reductive elimination to the aryl alkyne. The experimental process involved the reaction of 4-Ethynylpyridine(cas: 2510-22-7SDS of cas: 2510-22-7)

4-Ethynylpyridine(cas: 2510-22-7) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine derivatives lend themselves to many roles in the spirited field of supramolecular chemistry – whether as the ligand backbone of metal-organic polymers or presiding over the key electronic stations of nanodevices. In biochemistry, pyridine-containing cofactors are necessary nutrients on which our lives depend. SDS of cas: 2510-22-7

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Lai, Ping-Shan; Jansen-van Vuuren, Ross D.; Lemieux, Robert P.; Snieckus, Victor published their research in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2021. The article was titled 《Directed ortho and Remote Metalation-Suzuki-Miyaura Cross Coupling Route to Azafluorenol Core Liquid Crystals》.Application In Synthesis of 2,5-Dibromopyridine The article contains the following contents:

Two new smectic C* (SmC*) mesogens containing a hexyloxy side chain and an azafluorenone I or azafluorenol II core were synthesized using a combined directed ortho metalation-directed remote metalation-Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling strategy. The II was formed in 9 steps and 25% overall yield based on starting N,N-diethyl-3-methoxybenzamide. The I forms a nematic (N) phase while II forms a smectic A (SmA) phase. The large temperature range of the Sm phase for the azafluorenol II is indicative of mesophase stabilization by intermol. hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl group and pyridine nitrogen. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found 2,5-Dibromopyridine(cas: 624-28-2Application In Synthesis of 2,5-Dibromopyridine)

2,5-Dibromopyridine(cas: 624-28-2) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine’s structure is isoelectronic with that of benzene, but its properties are quite different. Pyridine is completely miscible with water, whereas benzene is only slightly soluble. Like all hydrocarbons, benzene is neutral (in the acid–base sense), but because of its nitrogen atom, pyridine is a weak base.Application In Synthesis of 2,5-Dibromopyridine

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Lauzon, Samuel; Caron, Laurent; Ollevier, Thierry published their research in Organic Chemistry Frontiers in 2021. The article was titled 《Efficient stereoselective synthesis of chiral 3,3′-dimethyl-(2,2′-bipyridine)-diol ligand and applications in FeII-catalysis》.COA of Formula: C6H6BrN The article contains the following contents:

A seven step synthesis of a chiral 2,2′-bipyridinediol ligand with 3,3′-dimethyl substituents was achieved starting from com. available materials. The O2-mediated oxidative homocoupling reaction of a chiral pyridine N-oxide was demonstrated to be the key step to prepare the S,S enantiomer of the title ligand with excellent stereoselectivities, i.e., 99% de and >99.5% ee. An unusual heptacoordination of FeII when complexed with the chiral 2,2′-bipyridinediol ligand was highlighted from single crystal diffraction anal. Steric strain due to the 3,3′-dimethyl groups was revealed from the structural anal. of the obtained FeII complex. Asym. induction using this chiral 3,3′-dimethyl-(2,2′-bipyridine)-diol ligand was studied in the Mukaiyama aldol and thia-Michael reactions. An increase of chiral induction in the latter one was achieved using the FeII catalyst made from newly synthesized ligand vs. Bolm’s ligand. After reading the article, we found that the author used 2-Bromo-5-methylpyridine(cas: 3510-66-5COA of Formula: C6H6BrN)

2-Bromo-5-methylpyridine(cas: 3510-66-5) belongs to pyridine. Pyridines are often used as catalysts or reagents; particular notice has been paid recently to how pyridine coordinates to metal centers enabling a wide range of valuable reactions. COA of Formula: C6H6BrN

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Chen, Pu; Chen, Zan; Xiong, Bi-Quan; Liang, Yun; Tang, Ke-Wen; Xie, Jun; Liu, Yu published their research in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2021. The article was titled 《Visible-light-mediated cascade cyanoalkylsulfonylation/cyclization of alkynoates leading to coumarins via SO2 insertion》.Formula: C33H24IrN3 The article contains the following contents:

A visible-light-mediated tandem cyanoalkylsulfonylation/cyclization of alkynoates with cycloketone oxime compounds for the preparation of 3-cyanoalkylsulfonylcoumarins I [R1 = H, 6-Me, 7-OMe, etc.; R2 = Me, Ph, 2-thienyl, etc.; R3 = H, Ph, 4-MeC6H4, etc.; R4 = H, Me; R5 = H, Bn] via SO2 insertion was reported. The difunctionalization of carbon-carbon triple bonds includes a radical mechanism and involved the formation of an iminyl radical, ring-opening of the cycloketone, insertion of SO2, addition of the sulfonyl radical to carbon-carbon triple bonds, ipso-cyclization and ester migration. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, fac-Tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium(cas: 94928-86-6Formula: C33H24IrN3)

fac-Tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium(cas: 94928-86-6) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine is very deactivated towards electrophilic substitution with respect to benzene. For this reason classical formylation, using methods such as the Gattermann or Vilsmeier reactions, are not generally successful. Formula: C33H24IrN3

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Qin, Su; Lei, Yang; Guo, Jing; Huang, Jian-Feng; Hou, Chao-Ping; Liu, Jun-Min published an article in 2021. The article was titled 《Constructing Heterogeneous Direct Z-Scheme Photocatalysts Based on Metal-Organic Cages and Graphitic-C3N4 for High-Efficiency Photocatalytic Water Splitting》, and you may find the article in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces.Electric Literature of C5H6BNO2 The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The development of artificial devices that mimic the highly efficient and ingenious photosystems in nature is worthy of in-depth study. A metal-organic cage (MOC) Pd2(M-4)4(BF4)4, denoted as MOC-Q1, integrating four organic photosensitized ligands M-4 and two Pd2+ catalytic centers is designed for a photochem. mol. device (PMD). MOC-Q1 is successfully immobilized on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) by hydrogen bonds to obtain a robust heterogeneous direct Z-scheme g-C3N4/MOC-Q1 photocatalyst for H2 generation under visible light. The optimized g-C3N4/MOC-Q1 (2 wt %) system shows high hydrogen evolution activity (4495 μmol g-1 h-1 based on the catalyst mass) and exhibits stable performances for 25 h (a turnover number of 19,268 based on MOC-Q1), significantly outperforming pure MOC-Q1, g-C3N4, and comparsion materials Pd/g-C3N4/M-4, which is the highest one of all reported heterogeneous MOC-based photocatalysts under visible irradiation This enhancement can be ascribed to the synergistic effects of high-efficient electron transfer, extended visible-light response region, and good protective environment for MOC-Q1 arising from an efficient direct Z-scheme heterostructure of g-C3N4/MOC-Q1. This rationally designed and synthesized MOC/g-C3N4-based heterogeneous PMD is expected to have great potential in photocatalytic water splitting. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyridin-3-ylboronic acid(cas: 1692-25-7Electric Literature of C5H6BNO2)

Pyridin-3-ylboronic acid(cas: 1692-25-7) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine is a relatively complex molecule and exhibits a number of different bands in IR spectra. Among others, the bands characterizing the ν8a and ν19b modes have been found to be sensitive to the coordination or protonation of the molecule. Note that the band that is diagnostic for the PyH+ ion at about 1545 cm− 1 (ν19b mode) does not overlap with any of the other bands.Electric Literature of C5H6BNO2

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Fujita, Shu; Yamaguchi, Sho; Yamasaki, Jun; Nakajima, Kiyotaka; Yamazoe, Seiji; Mizugaki, Tomoo; Mitsudome, Takato published an article in 2021. The article was titled 《Ni2P Nanoalloy as an Air-Stable and Versatile Hydrogenation Catalyst in Water: P-Alloying Strategy for Designing Smart Catalysts》, and you may find the article in Chemistry – A European Journal.Safety of 4-Acetylpyridine The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Non-noble metal-based hydrogenation catalysts have limited practical applications because they exhibit low activity, require harsh reaction conditions, and are unstable in air. To overcome these limitations, herein the alloying of non-noble metal nanoparticles with phosphorus as a promising strategy for developing smart catalysts that exhibit both excellent activity and air stability was proposed. A novel nickel phosphide nanoalloy (nano-Ni2P) with coordinatively unsaturated Ni active sites was synthesized. Unlike conventional air-unstable non-noble metal catalysts, nano-Ni2P retained its metallic nature in air, and exhibited a high activity for the hydrogenation of various substrates with polar functional groups, such as aldehydes, ketones, nitriles, and nitroarenes to the desired products in excellent yields in water. Furthermore, the used nano-Ni2P catalyst was easy to handle in air and could be reused without pretreatment, providing a simple and clean catalyst system for general hydrogenation reactions. In the experiment, the researchers used 4-Acetylpyridine(cas: 1122-54-9Safety of 4-Acetylpyridine)

4-Acetylpyridine(cas: 1122-54-9) belongs to pyridine. When pyridine is adsorbed on oxide surfaces or in porous materials, the following species are commonly observed: (i) pyridine coordinated to Lewis acid sites, (ii) pyridine H-bonded to weakly acidic hydroxyls, and (iii) protonated pyridine. At high coverage, physisorbed pyridine and protonated dimers can also be observed.Safety of 4-Acetylpyridine

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Maldonado, S.; Lopez-Vizcaino, R.; Rodrigo, M. A.; Canizares, P.; Navarro, V.; Roa, G.; Barrera, C.; Saez, C. published an article in 2021. The article was titled 《Scale-up of electrokinetic permeable reactive barriers for the removal of organochlorine herbicide from spiked soils》, and you may find the article in Journal of Hazardous Materials.Application of 98-98-6 The information in the text is summarized as follows:

This work aims to shed light on the scale-up a combined electrokinetic soil flushing process (EKSF) with permeable reactive barriers (PRB) for the treatment of soil spiked with clopyralid. To do this, remediation tests at lab (3.45 L), bench (175 L) and pilot (1400 L) scales have been carried out. The PRB selected was made of soil merged with particles of zero valent iron (ZVI) and granular activated carbon (GAC). Results show that PRB-EKSF involved electrokinetic transport and dehalogenation as the main mechanisms, while adsorption on GAC was not as relevant as initially expected. Clopyralid was not detected in the electrolyte wells and only in the pilot scale, significant amounts of clopyralid remained in the soil after 600 h of operation. Picolinic acid was the main dehalogenated product detected in the soil after treatment and mobilized by electro-osmosis, mostly to the cathodic well. The transport of volatile compounds into the atm. was promoted at pilot scale because of the larger soil surface exposed to the atm. and the elec. heating caused by ohmic losses and the larger interelectrode gap. After reading the article, we found that the author used Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6Application of 98-98-6)

Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6) is used as a chelate for alkaline earth metals. Used to prepare picolinato ligated transition metal complexes. In synthetic organic chemistry, has been used as a substrate in the Mitsunobu reaction and in the Hammick reaction.Application of 98-98-6

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Hou, Chuanfu; Sun, Shouneng; Liu, Ziqi; Zhang, Hui; Liu, Yue; An, Qi; Zhao, Jian; Ma, Junjie; Sun, Zhizhong; Chu, Wenyi published an article in 2021. The article was titled 《Visible-Light-Induced Decarboxylative Acylation of Pyridine N-Oxides with α-Oxocarboxylic Acids Using Fluorescein Dimethylammonium as a Photocatalyst》, and you may find the article in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis.Related Products of 626-05-1 The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The development of a visible-light-induced catalytic system achieved the decarboxylative acylation of pyridine N-oxides with α-oxocarboxylic acids, at room temperature and using the organic dye fluorescein dimethylammonium as a new type of photocatalyst was reported. A series of 2-arylacylpyridine N-oxides were selectively synthesized in moderate to good yields by controlling the polarity of the reaction solvent. The developed strategy was successfully applied in the synthesis of an important intermediate of the drug, acrivastine, on a gram scale. Notably, this is the first time that fluorescein dimethylammonium was used to catalyzed the Minisci-type C-H decarboxylative acylation reaction. The mechanism of decarboxylative acylation was studied by capturing adducts of acyl radicals and 1,1-diphenylethylene confirmed a radical mechanism. The disclosed catalytic system provided a green synthetic strategy for decarboxylative acylation without the use of addnl. oxidants or metal catalysts. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found 2,6-Dibromopyridine(cas: 626-05-1Related Products of 626-05-1)

2,6-Dibromopyridine(cas: 626-05-1) belongs to pyridine. When pyridine is adsorbed on oxide surfaces or in porous materials, the following species are commonly observed: (i) pyridine coordinated to Lewis acid sites, (ii) pyridine H-bonded to weakly acidic hydroxyls, and (iii) protonated pyridine. At high coverage, physisorbed pyridine and protonated dimers can also be observed.Related Products of 626-05-1

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Hirbawi, Nadia; Lin, Patricia C.; Jarvo, Elizabeth R. published an article in 2022. The article was titled 《Halogenation Reactions of Alkyl Alcohols Employing Methyl Grignard Reagents》, and you may find the article in Journal of Organic Chemistry.Application of 103-74-2 The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Herein, an example of Grignard reagents acting as halide nucleophiles to form alkyl iodides RI [R = 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-phenylpentan-3-yl, 4-phenylbutan-2-yl, 4-(2H-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)butan-2-yl, etc.] and alkyl bromides R1Br [R1 = 3-[4-(3-methoxyphenyl)phenyl]propyl, 2-(6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-en-2-yl)ethyl, 3-(4-bromophenyl)propyl, etc.] was reported. This work establishes that Grignard reagents can convert alkyl mesylates ROMs/R1OMs into alkyl halides RI/R1Br, as well as be employed in a one-pot halogenation reaction starting from alcs. ROH/R1OH, which proceed through mesylate intermediates. The halogenation reaction is confirmed to occur by an SN2 pathway with the inversion of configuration and is demonstrated to be efficient on a gram scale. In addition to this study using 2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)pyridine, there are many other studies that have used 2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)pyridine(cas: 103-74-2Application of 103-74-2) was used in this study.

2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)pyridine(cas: 103-74-2) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine is widely used in the precursor to agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. Also, it is used as an important reagent and organic solvent.Application of 103-74-2

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem