Month: November 2022

Synthetic Route of C12H12N2In 2019 ,《Structure-property relationships: “”Double-tail versus double-flap”” ruthenium complex structures for high efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells》 was published in Solar Energy. The article was written by Su, Rui; Ashraf, Saba; El-Shafei, Ahmed. The article contains the following contents:

Six novel heteroleptic amphiphilic polypyridyl Ruthenium (II) complexes, coded FS01-FS06, with hetero-aromatic electron-donor ancillary ligands containing julolidine-derived moieties were synthesized to investigate the relationship between structure modulations of electron donors of Ru(II) dyes and their photophys., electrochem. and photovoltaic properties for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). These modulations include: Ru(II) complexes with double “”tails”” (i.e. tetra-Me groups attached to the end of julolidine-based antennas, FS04) compared to the ones without double “”tails”” (FS01); complexes with double small “”flaps”” (i.e. small acyclic electron donor auxochromes ortho to the CH = CH bridge of stilbazole, FS02, FS05) compared to the ones with double large “”flaps”” (FS03, FS06). Their low energy metal-to-ligand charge transfers (MLCT) band and molar absorptivities were all better than those of the benchmark, N719. It was also shown that the incorporation of double “”flaps”” into the ancillary ligands caused a slight red shift of light absorption. The photovoltaic properties were evaluated under 1.5 AM standard illumination condition and compared to N719. The highest photocurrent d. (JSC) was observed for the complex with double “”tails”” and double small “”flaps”” (FS05). The overall conversion efficiency for devices employing julolidine-derived Ru (II) complexes was in the following order FS05 > FS02 > FS04 > FS01 > FS06 > FS03. FS05 (8.16%) outperformed the benchmark N719 (7.75%) in the photovoltaic performance, which is due to its best light-harvesting ability, highest molar extinction coefficient and smallest energy band gap among all the six dyes. To probe the interrelationship among julolidine-based electron donors of ancillary ligands, photocurrent and photovoltage of these dyes, the equilibrium mol. geometries of the ancillary ligands were calculated using DFT. The equilibrium mol. geometries of these dyes the photocurrent and photovoltage are dependent on the donating effect of alkyloxy auxochromes, the steric effect generated from the auxochromes and julolidine moieties, and the orientation of longer alkyloxy group. The introduction of double “”tails”” resulted in less dye aggregation and higher charge recombination resistance, leading to higher photocurrents and photovoltages in the solar cell performances. Despite of the donating effect of alkyloxy groups, the bulky double “”flaps”” mainly jammed the hole transportation between the redox couple of the electrolyte and the HOMO of thiocyanate groups (-NCS), translating into the decrease of photocurrent. After reading the article, we found that the author used 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 1134-35-6Synthetic Route of C12H12N2)

4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 1134-35-6) is used in the synthesis of a series of o-phenanthroline-substituted ruthenium(II) complexes.Synthetic Route of C12H12N2 Furthermore, 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine is used as a chemical Intermediate. It can be used for the determination of ferrous and cyanide compounds.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

In 2014,Hu, Ping; Wang, Xinghui; Zhang, Baiqun; Zhang, Shuai; Wang, Qiang; Wang, Zhiyong published 《Fluorescence Polarization for the Evaluation of Small-Molecule Inhibitors of PCAF BRD/Tat-AcK50 Association》.ChemMedChem published the findings.Reference of 5-Bromo-2-chloropyridine The information in the text is summarized as follows:

A fluorescence polarization competitive assay was developed to efficiently screen and evaluate inhibitors of PCAF bromodomain/Tat-AcK50 protein-peptide interaction. A series of pyridine 1-oxide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated. Some of the novel compounds, 2-(3-aminopropylamino) pyridine 1-oxide derivatives, could be effective inhibitors of PCAF bromodomain/Tat-AcK50 association Specifically, 2-(3-aminopropylamino)-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyridine 1-oxide hydrochloride (15) and the 5-((3-aminopropylamino)methyl) derivative (20) were found to be effective ligands for the PCAF BRD pocket. First preliminary cellular studies indicate that these small-mol. inhibitors have lower cytotoxicities and are potential leads for the anti-HIV/AIDS therapeutic strategy by targeting host-cell protein PCAF BRD to block HIV replication. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of 5-Bromo-2-chloropyridine(cas: 53939-30-3Reference of 5-Bromo-2-chloropyridine)

5-Bromo-2-chloropyridine(cas: 53939-30-3) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine is very deactivated towards electrophilic substitution with respect to benzene. For this reason classical formylation, using methods such as the Gattermann or Vilsmeier reactions, are not generally successful. Reference of 5-Bromo-2-chloropyridine

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

In 2018,Molecules included an article by Hong, Ki Bum; Kim, Darong; Kim, Bo-Kyung; Woo, Seo Yeon; Lee, Ji Hoon; Han, Seung-Hee; Bae, Gyu-Un; Kang, Soosung. Safety of 2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)pyridine. The article was titled 《CF3-substituted mollugin 2-(4-morpholinyl)-ethyl ester as a potential anti-inflammatory agent with improved aqueous solubility and metabolic stability》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Although mollugin, the main ingredient of the oriental medicinal herb Rubia cordifolia, has considerable anti-inflammatory effects, it has poor aqueous solubility as well as poor metabolic and plasma stability. To overcome these shortfalls, various mollugin derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit U937 monocyte cell adhesion to HT-29 colonic epithelial cells in TNF-α or IL-6-induced models of colon inflammation. The 2-(4-morpholinyl)-Et ester of CF3-substituted mollugin (compound 15c) showed good water solubility, improved metabolic and plasma stability, and greater inhibitory activity than mesalazine in both the TNF-α and IL-6-induced colonic epithelial cell adhesion assays, suggesting that 15c is a potential anti-inflammatory agent. In addition to this study using 2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)pyridine, there are many other studies that have used 2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)pyridine(cas: 103-74-2Safety of 2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)pyridine) was used in this study.

2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)pyridine(cas: 103-74-2) belongs to pyridine. When pyridine is adsorbed on oxide surfaces or in porous materials, the following species are commonly observed: (i) pyridine coordinated to Lewis acid sites, (ii) pyridine H-bonded to weakly acidic hydroxyls, and (iii) protonated pyridine. At high coverage, physisorbed pyridine and protonated dimers can also be observed.Safety of 2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)pyridine

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

In 2019,ACS Omega included an article by Chen, Zhicai; Li, Huanhuan; Tao, Ye; Chen, Lingfeng; Chen, Cailin; Jiang, He; Xu, Shen; Zhou, Xinhui; Chen, Runfeng; Huang, Wei. Electric Literature of C5H3Br2N. The article was titled 《Tuning Intramolecular Conformation and Packing Mode of Host Materials through Noncovalent Interactions for High-Efficiency Blue Electrophosphorescence》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Mol. conformation plays an important role in tuning the packing modes of organic optoelectronic materials to achieve enhanced and/or balanced charge transport. Here, we introduce the noncovalent intramol. interactions to the host materials of phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs). Different numbers and/or positions of intramol. CH···N noncovalent interactions were constructed by using different N-heterocycles of pyridine, pyrimidine, and pyrazine as acceptor units and carbazole as the donor unit in a donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) motif. Thus, designed D-A-D mols. were synthesized facilely through a one-step Ullmann reaction in high yields, showing varied intramol. interactions to regulate the mol. conformation significantly. Impressively, owing to the quasi-parallel mol. conformation, which is beneficial for forming facile transporting channels of both holes and electrons, the newly designed host material of 9,9′-(pyridine-2,5-diyl)bis(9H-carbazole) exhibits good device performance of blue PhOLEDs with current, power, and external quantum efficiencies up to 33.0 cd A-1, 32.1 lm W-1, and 16.3%, resp. This work highlights the significant importance of the noncovalent interactions in designing advanced organic semiconductors for high-performance optoelectronic devices. After reading the article, we found that the author used 2,5-Dibromopyridine(cas: 624-28-2Electric Literature of C5H3Br2N)

2,5-Dibromopyridine(cas: 624-28-2) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine is very deactivated towards electrophilic substitution with respect to benzene. For this reason classical formylation, using methods such as the Gattermann or Vilsmeier reactions, are not generally successful. Electric Literature of C5H3Br2N

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

The author of 《Heterogeneous Copper(I)-Catalyzed Cascade Addition-Oxidative Cyclization of Nitriles with 2-Aminopyridines or Amidines: Efficient and Practical Synthesis of 1,2,4-Triazoles》 were Xia, Jianhui; Huang, Xue; Cai, Mingzhong. And the article was published in Synthesis in 2019. Recommanded Product: 4-Cyanopyridine The author mentioned the following in the article:

The heterogeneous cascade addition-oxidative cyclization of nitriles with 2-aminopyridines or amidines was achieved in 1,2-dichlorobenzene or DMSO at 120-130 °C by using a 1,10-phenanthroline-functionalized MCM-41-supported copper(I) complex [Phen-MCM-41-CuBr] as the catalyst and air as the oxidant. The approach was used to generate a wide variety of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives, e.g., I and II, in mostly high yields. This heterogeneous copper(I) catalyst could be easily prepared in a two-step procedure from com. or readily available and inexpensive reagents and it exhibited higher catalytic activity than the CuBr/1,10-Phen system. Phen-MCM-41-CuBr was also easy to recover and was recyclable up to eight times with almost consistent activity. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of 4-Cyanopyridine(cas: 100-48-1Recommanded Product: 4-Cyanopyridine)

4-Cyanopyridine(cas: 100-48-1) belongs to pyridine. Pyridines form stable salts with strong acids. Pyridine itself is often used to neutralize acid formed in a reaction and as a basic solvent. Recommanded Product: 4-Cyanopyridine

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

《Nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanospheres activated under low ZnCl2 aqueous system: an electrode for supercapacitor applications》 was written by Zhu, Xingxing; Huang, Xinhua; Anwer, Shoaib; Wang, Nuoya; Zhang, Lidong. Application of 141-86-6 And the article was included in Langmuir in 2020. The article conveys some information:

We reported a controlled synthesis method to obtained carbon spheres with tunable geometry under low ZnCl2 aqueous solution conditions using polytriazine as a precursor. The polytriazine precursor was polymerized by mixing/reaction of 2,6-diaminopyridine and formaldehyde in the presence of a diluted ZnCl2 aqueous system. The obtained nanospheres were then decomposed to adulterate nitrogen porous carbon nanospheres (N-PCNSs) by the decomposition and blistering process at high temperature by degrees. ZnCl2 worked as a solid-template and played the role of a stabilizing and foaming agent in the reaction. The as-prepared N-PCNSs with controllable spherical geometry, large micro-/mesoporous volume and high nitrogen content (~8.5 wt %) were employed in elec. double-layer capacitors that have a good specific capacitance (636 F/g at 1 A/g) and are long lasting. Besides, the N-PCNS delivered a high energy d. of 22.1 Wh/Kg at a power d. of 500 W/kg. In the experiment, the researchers used 2,6-Diaminopyridine(cas: 141-86-6Application of 141-86-6)

2,6-Diaminopyridine(cas: 141-86-6) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine and its simple derivatives are stable and relatively unreactive liquids, with strong penetrating odours that are unpleasant.Application of 141-86-6

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

In 2022,Zhang, Qingtang; Zhang, Ya; Lian, Fei; Xu, Zongqiang; Wang, Xiaomei published an article in Ionics. The title of the article was 《Synthesis and lithium storage properties of nitrogen-containing hard carbon from conjugated microporous polymers》.Reference of 2,5-Dibromopyridine The author mentioned the following in the article:

Two kinds of hard carbons with controllable nitrogen contents (N1HC and N2HC) were prepared from 2,5-dibromopyridine and 2,5-dibromopyrazine, resp. The nitrogen contents of N1HC and N2HC are 3.75 wt% and 5.08 wt%, resp. The pore structure of N2HC was further improved by KOH activation and the activated N2HC is designated as N2HC-K. The sp. surface area of N2HC-K is considerable 1328.3 m2 g-1, which is distinctly higher than that of N2HC. The rich nitrogen content and developed pores make N2HC-K afford a high lithium storage capacity, rate performance, and excellent cycling performance. The initial reversible capacity of N2HC-K is 604.8 mAh g-1 at a c.d. of 0.1 A g-1. The specific capacity of N2HC-K after 500 cycles at 0.6 A g-1 is still as high as 488.2 mAh g-1. In the experiment, the researchers used 2,5-Dibromopyridine(cas: 624-28-2Reference of 2,5-Dibromopyridine)

2,5-Dibromopyridine(cas: 624-28-2) belongs to pyridine. When pyridine is adsorbed on oxide surfaces or in porous materials, the following species are commonly observed: (i) pyridine coordinated to Lewis acid sites, (ii) pyridine H-bonded to weakly acidic hydroxyls, and (iii) protonated pyridine. At high coverage, physisorbed pyridine and protonated dimers can also be observed.Reference of 2,5-Dibromopyridine

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

COA of Formula: C7H9NOIn 2022 ,《Continuous Flow Microreactor Promoted the Catalytic N -Oxidation Reaction of Pyridine Derivatives》 appeared in Synthesis. The author of the article were Chen, Siyuan; Yang, Shanxiu; Wang, Hao; Niu, Yanning; Zhang, Zhang; Qian, Bo. The article conveys some information:

A simple continuous flow microreactor was successfully constructed for the N-oxidation of pyridine. The continuous flow microreactor used titanium silicalite (TS-1) in a packed-bed microreactor and H2O2 (in methanol as solvent) as the catalytic oxidation system for the formation of various pyridine N-oxides in up to 99% yields. This process is a safer, greener, and more highly efficiency process than using a batch reactor. The device was used for over 800 h of continuous operation with the catalyst maintaining great activity thus providing great potential for large-scale production The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of 2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)pyridine(cas: 103-74-2COA of Formula: C7H9NO)

2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)pyridine(cas: 103-74-2) belongs to pyridine. The basicity and metallophilic high donor number of these π-deficient systems has long favored them as ligands in metal catalysis. The last decade saw pyridine assume a stronger role as functional group for directed C–H oxidation/activation.COA of Formula: C7H9NO

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

In 2017,Molecules included an article by Xu, Shan; Sun, Chengyu; Chen, Chen; Zheng, Pengwu; Zhou, Yong; Zhou, Hongying; Zhu, Wufu. Application of 1158763-55-3. The article was titled 《Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 8-morpholinoimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine derivatives bearing phenylpyridine/phenylpyrimidine-carboxamides》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Three series of novel 8-morpholinoimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine derivatives bearing phenylpyridine/phenylpyrimidine-carboxamides I [R = H, 4-Me, 3-F, etc.], II and III [R1 = H, 4-Me, 4-OMe, etc.] were designed and synthesized. All the compounds were evaluated for their IC50 values against three cancer cell lines (A549, PC-3 and MCF-7). Most of the target compounds exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against the three cancer cell lines. Two selected compounds III [R1 = 4-Me, 4-OMe] were further tested for their activity against PI3Kα kinase, and the results indicated that compound III [R1 = 4-OMe] showed inhibitory activity against PI3Kα kinase with an IC50 value of 1.25 μM. Structure-activity relationships (SARs) and pharmacol. results indicated that the replacement of the thiopyranopyrimidine with an imidazopyrazine was beneficial for the activity and the position of aryl group had a significant influence to the activity of these compounds The compounds II in which an aryl group substituted at the C-4 position of the pyridine ring were more active than I substituted at the C-5 position. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of compounds III bearing phenylpyrimidine-carboxamides was better than that of the compounds I and II bearing phenylpyridine-carboxamides. Furthermore, the substituents on the benzene ring also had a significant impact on the cytotoxicity and the pharmacol. results showed that electron donating groups were beneficial to the cytotoxicity. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of 5-(3-Fluorophenyl)picolinic acid(cas: 1158763-55-3Application of 1158763-55-3)

5-(3-Fluorophenyl)picolinic acid(cas: 1158763-55-3) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The ring atoms in the pyridine molecule are sp2-hybridized. The nitrogen is involved in the π-bonding aromatic system using its unhybridized p orbital. Application of 1158763-55-3 Pyridine has a conjugated system of six π electrons that are delocalized over the ring.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

In 2019,Molecules included an article by Fang, Mingxi; Xia, Shuai; Bi, Jianheng; Wigstrom, Travis P.; Valenzano, Loredana; Wang, Jianbo; Tanasova, Marina; Luck, Rudy L.; Liu, Haiying. Electric Literature of C12H13N3. The article was titled 《Detecting Zn(II) ions in live cells with near-infrared fluorescent probes》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Two near-IR fluorescent probes (A and B) containing hemicyanine structures appended to dipicolylamine (DPA), and a dipicolylamine derivative where one pyridine was substituted with pyrazine, resp., were synthesized and tested for the identification of Zn(II) ions in live cells. In both probes, an acetyl group is attached to the phenolic oxygen atom of the hemicyanine platform to decrease the probe fluorescence background. Probe A displays sensitive fluorescence responses and binds preferentially to Zn(II) ions over other metal ions such as Cd2+ ions with a low detection limit of 0.45 nM. In contrast, the emission spectra of probe B is not significantly affected if Zn(II) ions are added. Probe A possesses excellent membrane permeability and low cytotoxicity, allowing for sensitive imaging of both exogenously supplemented Zn(II) ions in live cells, and endogenously releases Zn(II) ions in cells after treatment of 2,2-dithiodipyridine. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amine(cas: 1539-42-0Electric Literature of C12H13N3)

Bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amine(cas: 1539-42-0) is a secondary amine with two picolyl substituents. As a tridentate ligand this compound provides three nitrogen donors that affords good selectivity for Zn2+ over biologically relevant metals such as Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+, and leaves coordination sites free for anion binding. Electric Literature of C12H13N3

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem