Month: December 2022

Cross, R. Matthew published the artcileOrally Bioavailable 6-Chloro-7-methoxy-4(1H)-quinolones Efficacious against Multiple Stages of Plasmodium, COA of Formula: C5H6BNO2, the publication is Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2014), 57(21), 8860-8879, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The continued proliferation of malaria throughout temperate and tropical regions of the world has promoted a push for more efficacious treatments to combat the disease. Unfortunately, more recent remedies such as artemisinin combination therapies have been rendered less effective due to developing parasite resistance, and new drugs are required that target the parasite in the liver to support the disease elimination efforts. Research was initiated to revisit antimalarials developed in the 1940s and 1960s that were deemed unsuitable for use as therapeutic agents as a result of poor understanding of both physicochem. properties and parasitol. Structure-activity and structure-property relationship studies were conducted to generate a set of compounds with the general 6-chloro-7-methoxy-2-methyl-4(1H)-quinolone scaffold which were substituted at the 3-position with a variety of Ph moieties possessing various properties. Extensive physicochem. evaluation of the quinolone series was carried out to down-select the most promising 4(1H)-quinolones, P4Q-391 (7), 6-Chloro-7-methoxy-2-methyl-3-(2-methyl-4-(4(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy)phenyl)-quinolin-4(1H)-one (62), 6-Chloro-3-(6-(2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyridin-3-yl)-7-methoxy-2-methylquinolin-4(1H)-one (66), and 6-Chloro-7-methoxy-2-methyl-3-(6-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)pyridin-3-yl)quinolin-4(1H)-one(67), which possessed low-nanomolar EC₅₀ values against W2 and TM90-C2B as well as improved microsomal stability. Addnl., in vivo Thompson test results using Plasmodium berghei in mice showed that these 4(1H)-quinolones were efficacious for the reduction of parasitemia at >99% after 6 days.

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry published new progress about 197958-29-5. 197958-29-5 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Boronic acid and ester, name is 2-Pyridinylboronic acid, and the molecular formula is C5H6BNO2, COA of Formula: C5H6BNO2.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Chen, Meng-Hsin published the artcileSynthesis and biological activity of quinolinone and dihydroquinolinone p38 MAP kinase inhibitors, Quality Control of 197958-29-5, the publication is Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters (2008), 18(6), 2222-2226, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Synthesis and biol. activities of some quinolinone and dihydroquinolinone p38 MAP kinase inhibitors are reported. Modifications to the dihydroquinolinone pharmacophore revealed that dihydroquinolinone may be replaced with a quinolinone pharmacophore and lead to enhanced p38 inhibitory activity. From a study of C-7 substitutions by amino acid side chains, a very potent series of compounds, e.g., I, in the p38 enzyme assays was identified. Translation of the in vitro activity into reasonable whole blood activity can be improved in this series of compounds by judicious modification of the phys. properties at appropriate regions of the lead.

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters published new progress about 197958-29-5. 197958-29-5 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Boronic acid and ester, name is 2-Pyridinylboronic acid, and the molecular formula is C5H6BNO2, Quality Control of 197958-29-5.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Weitz, Ernst published the artcileFree ammonium radicals. VI. Radicals and meriquinonoid compounds. I. The dipyridinium subhalides, Application In Synthesis of 47369-00-6, the publication is Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft [Abteilung] B: Abhandlungen (1926), 432-45, database is CAplus.

cf. C. A. 18, 2168. It was suggested in the earlier paper that the deeply colored compounds assumed by other investigators to be dimeric quinhydrones (I) consisting of 1 mol. dipyridinium dihalide + 1 mol. dihydrodipyridyl (II) are in reality monomol. mono- or subhalides (III) of the dipyridinium radical (IV), a valence-tautomeric form of II. Mol. weight determinations of dibenzylpyridinium subchloride (V) in boiling MeOH gave mean values corresponding to 0.5 that calculated for III, indicating that the V in solution is almost completely ionized into IV and Cl^–; these determinations have been repeated in a perfected apparatus, in which the mol. weight of N,N’-diphenyldipyridinium subchloride (VI) has also been determined; the new determinations fully confirm the older observations. The higher result for V obtained by Emmert, Jungek and Häffner (C. A. 19, 518), from which they conclude that it is a I and ionizes into 3 parts (complex cation and 2 Cl ions) are explained by the fact that they used more concentrated solutions To establish that in their own solutions there is only electrolytic dissociation and not “quinhydrone decomposition,” W. and F. determined whether Beer’s law held for their solutions of V, using a specially constructed apparatus which made it possible to exclude every trace of atm. O; no lightening in the color could be detected either on dilution or heating. The IV are assumed to be univalent radicals in which the “odd” electron oscillates about the 2 central γ-C atoms. The anion in “bridged” union with the 2 halves of the IV need not be taken into account in these considerations; (see structure) it may be fixed at any point of the mol. or crystal lattice, the necessary oscillation in the affinity distribution being taken care of by the “odd” electron. This conception of a vibrating electron, which differs from older oscillation theories, especially that of Baeyer, in that it is only electrons and not atoms which are assumed to vibrate, can be applied to many other so-called intramol. quinhydrones, i. e. to large classes of dyes like those of the Ph₃CH series. A N,N’-dibenzyl-γ,γ’-dipyridinium “two-thirds”-iodide, C₂₄H₂₂N₂I₂.2C₂₄H₂₂N₂ (VII), was occasionally obtained instead of the normal III on treating the radical with the diiodide, but the formation of this and similar polymol. compounds is not at all contrary to the monomol. formulation of the III, for both the dipyridinium salts (with their coordinately unsaturated N atoms) and the radicals have enough unsaturated positions at which addition of other mols. can take place. The b. p. apparatus was so constructed that the determinations could be made in an atm. (not in a current) of CO₂ exactly under atm. pressure. Using 0.93 as the b. p. constant of the MeOH, the mol. weight of Bz₂ was found in this apparatus to be 192-226 (mean of 11 determinations, 210; calculated, 210); of PhNHAc, 139-44 (mean of 6 determinations, 142; calculated 135); of V in N/17.1-N/47.0 solution, 172-220 (mean of 18 determinations, 197); in N/11.5-N/15.3 solution, 203-229 (mean of 4 determinations, 215; calculated for III/2, 187); of VI in N/21.3-N/22.9 solution, 172-6 (mean of 3 determinations, 174; calculated for III/2, 173). On the other hand, dibenzyldipyridinium dichloride gave mol. weights of 253, 243 and 238 for V 31.3, 15.6 and 41.7, resp. (calculated for C₂₄H₂₂N₂Cl₂/2, 204). That the III represent an entirely independent stage of oxidation is further confirmed by the fact that they dissolve without decomposition in AcOH (at room temperature) while the corresponding free radicals dissolve only with decomposition VI, prepared like the subiodide, forms steel-blue crystals with violet tinge and metallic luster. VII forms a dark violet, indistinctly crystalline mass.

Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft [Abteilung] B: Abhandlungen published new progress about 47369-00-6. 47369-00-6 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Salt,Benzene,Organic ligands for MOF materials,Nitrogen containing MOF ligands,Nitrogen containing MOF ligands, name is 1,1′-Diphenyl-[4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium chloride, and the molecular formula is C6H8N2, Application In Synthesis of 47369-00-6.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Deady, Leslie W. published the artcileReaction with acetic anhydride as a method for estimating the basicity of exocyclic amino groups in nitrogen heterocycles, Safety of 4-Amino-2-picoline, the publication is Australian Journal of Chemistry (1984), 37(8), 1625-30, database is CAplus.

Relative rates of acetylation of anilines and amino-substituted heterocycles with Ac₂O in pyridine were determined by a competition method. From a Broensted plot of reactivity against basicity for the anilines, and by considering the heterocycles as substituted anilines, pK_a values for the amino group in heterocycles were obtained.

Australian Journal of Chemistry published new progress about 18437-58-6. 18437-58-6 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Amine, name is 4-Amino-2-picoline, and the molecular formula is C6H8N2, Safety of 4-Amino-2-picoline.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Deady, Leslie W. published the artcileCatalysis by α-substituted pyridines in the hydrolysis of aryl acetates and acetic anhydride, Application In Synthesis of 18437-58-6, the publication is Australian Journal of Chemistry (1983), 36(10), 1951-6, database is CAplus.

Rate constants for the hydrolyses of p-nitrophenyl acetate (I), 2,4-dinitrophenyl acetate (II) and, acetic anhydride in the presence of α-substituted pyridines were determined Broensted LFER plots for I and II were linear over 4 pKa units. The 2-Me and 2-NH₂ substituted pyridines catalyze the hydrolyses by a nucleophilic mechanism.

Australian Journal of Chemistry published new progress about 18437-58-6. 18437-58-6 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Amine, name is 4-Amino-2-picoline, and the molecular formula is C6H8N2, Application In Synthesis of 18437-58-6.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Deady, Leslie W. published the artcileThe aminolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate by aminopyridines. Mechanisms in aqueous and aprotic solvents, Formula: C6H8N2, the publication is Australian Journal of Chemistry (1980), 33(11), 2441-6, database is CAplus.

In Me₂SO, the aminolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate by aminopyridines results in amide formation, through nucleophilic catalysis by the ring N for 4-aminopyridine, but by direct amino N attack for 2-aminopyridine (as previously found for Ac₂O). In water, the aminopyridines catalyze the hydrolysis of the ester (unlike aniline, which still gives acetanilide). In general, this occurs by nucleophilic catalysis by the ring N. Even 4-amino-2-methylpyridine reacts by this route (though 2-picoline does not) and, of the compounds studied, only for 2-amino-6-methylpyridine does general base catalysis occur instead. Reasons for these mechanism changes are discussed.

Australian Journal of Chemistry published new progress about 18437-58-6. 18437-58-6 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Amine, name is 4-Amino-2-picoline, and the molecular formula is C6H8N2, Formula: C6H8N2.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Martins, Samantha Eslava published the artcileReview: ecotoxicity of organic and organo-metallic antifouling co-biocides and implications for environmental hazard and risk assessments in aquatic ecosystems, Related Products of pyridine-derivatives, the publication is Biofouling (2018), 34(1), 34-52, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A review. Hazard assessments of Irgarol 1051, diuron, 2-(thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole (TCMTB), dichloro-octylisothiazolin (DCOIT), chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, thiram, zinc pyrithione, copper pyrithione, triphenylborane pyridine (TPBP), capsaicin, nonivamide, tralopyril and medetomidine were performed to establish robust environmental quality standards (EQS), based on predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs). Microalgae, zooplankton, fish and amphibians were the most sensitive ecol. groups to all the antifoulants evaluated, especially in the early life stages. No differences were identified between freshwater and seawater species. The use of toxicity tests with non-standard species is encouraged because they increase the datasets, allowing EQS to be derived from probabilistic-based PNECs while reducing uncertainties. The global ban of tributyltin (TBT) has been heralded as a major environmental success; however, substitute antifoulants may also pose risks to aquatic ecosystems. Environmental risk assessments (ERAs) have driven decision-makings for regulating antifouling products, but in many countries there is still a lack of regulation of antifouling biocides which should be addressed.

Biofouling published new progress about 971-66-4. 971-66-4 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Benzene, name is Triphenyl(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)borate, and the molecular formula is C23H20BN, Related Products of pyridine-derivatives.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Solov’ev, M. Yu. published the artcileSynthesis, structure, and properties of a number of 3-sulfanilamidic derivatives of pyridine, Application of Pyridine-3-sulfonic acid, the publication is Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Khimiya i Khimicheskaya Tekhnologiya (2004), 47(2), 28-36, database is CAplus.

3-Pyridinesulfochloride was synthesized by the dehydroxochloration of 3-pyridinesulfonic acid and used for the synthesis of a number of primary and secondary sulfonylamides and also (3-pyridinesulfonyl)-pyperidinecarboxylic acids and their amides NMR ¹H-spectra of the synthesized compounds are described and interpreted. The rating of their potential suitability for biol. tests is carried out according to Lipinski rules and “lead-like”-conception. Also, the rating of ability of the received compounds to penetrate through the hemato-encephalic barrier was made using the special neuron-net model. The conclusion about the expediency of testing of the synthesized compounds is made for the area of development of CNS acting drugs.

Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Khimiya i Khimicheskaya Tekhnologiya published new progress about 636-73-7. 636-73-7 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Sulfonic acid, name is Pyridine-3-sulfonic acid, and the molecular formula is C6H16OSi, Application of Pyridine-3-sulfonic acid.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Recio, Javier published the artcileStudies on the preparation of aminobipyridines and bipyridine sultams via an intramolecular free radical pathway, Safety of 2-Bromopyridin-3-amine, the publication is RSC Advances (2020), 10(18), 10447-10451, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A variety of aminated bipyridines and bipyridine sultams are prepared by intramol. radical [1,5]-ipso and [1,6]-ortho substitutions, using a sulfonamide as a linker to connect the pyridyl radical to the pyridine under attack. For the cases studied, different regiochemistries were observed depending on the initial position of the sulfonamide linker.

RSC Advances published new progress about 39856-58-1. 39856-58-1 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Bromide,Amine, name is 2-Bromopyridin-3-amine, and the molecular formula is C5H5BrN2, Safety of 2-Bromopyridin-3-amine.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Storozhenko, Olga A. published the artcileMn-mediated sequential three-component domino Knoevenagel/cyclization/Michael addition/oxidative cyclization reaction towards annulated imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines, Recommanded Product: 1-(Cyanomethyl)pyridin-1-ium chloride, the publication is Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry (2018), 3078-3087, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The sequential three-component reaction between o-hydroxybenzaldehydes, N-(cyanomethyl)pyridinium salts and a nucleophile towards substituted chromenoimidazopyridines under oxidative conditions has been developed. The employment of Mn(OAc)₃·2H₂O or KMnO₄ as stoichiometric oxidants allowed the use of a wide range of nucleophiles, such as nitromethane, (aza)indoles, pyrroles, phenols, pyrazole, indazole and di-Et malonate. The formation of the target compounds presumably proceeds through a domino Knoevenagel/cyclization/Michael addition/oxidative cyclization reaction sequence.

Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry published new progress about 17281-59-3. 17281-59-3 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Nitrile,Salt, name is 1-(Cyanomethyl)pyridin-1-ium chloride, and the molecular formula is C26H41N5O7S, Recommanded Product: 1-(Cyanomethyl)pyridin-1-ium chloride.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem