Month: December 2022

Miller, Michael J published the artcileImplementation of a standardized nurse initiated protocol to manage severe hypertension in pregnancy., Product Details of C17H18N2O6, the main research area is Hypertension; hypertensive disorders of pregnancy; patient safety; quality improvement; standardization.

Objectives: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality, studies have shown that standardized protocols for treating severe hypertension improves outcomes. Our goal was to examine the effects of a protocol for treating severe hypertension.Methods: Using quality improvement methodology, we developed an evidence-based nurse-initiated protocol for management of severe hypertension. We used a before and after study design, with the primary outcome of time to administration of antihypertensive medications and time to achieve blood pressure control. Secondary outcomes included medication usage, time to repeat blood pressure, and proportion of women receiving appropriate treatment. Statistical analysis was completed with Stata, using data medians, 95% confidence intervals and a rank-sum test.Results: Data was collected for 5 months before and 5 months after protocol implementation, with 67 patients included before and 125 patients after implementation. The median time to treatment of severe range blood pressure decreased from 25 min before to 11 min after protocol implementation, pâ€?.001. Twenty-four% of women were treated within 15 min before and 60.6% were treated within 15 min after protocol implementation. Median time required to regain sustained mild range blood pressure was reduced from 45 min before to 41 min after protocol implementation, p = .004. 67.5% of women regained mild range blood pressure within 60 min before and 81.9% achieved blood pressure control within 60 min after protocol implementation. These improved outcomes were evident within the first month after protocol implementation and remained stable throughout the follow-up period.Discussion: Implementation of an evidence-based nurse-initiated protocol for the treatment of severe hypertension in pregnancy decreases the time required to administer antihypertensive medication, time required to regain blood pressure control and nonbeneficial clinical variation. In addition, these benefits were achieved rapidly within a large hospital setting.

The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine published new progress about Hypertension; hypertensive disorders of pregnancy; patient safety; quality improvement; standardization. 21829-25-4 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, name is Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, and the molecular formula is C17H18N2O6, Product Details of C17H18N2O6.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

van de Vusse, Dylan published the artcilePharmacokinetics of the most commonly used antihypertensive drugs throughout pregnancy methyldopa, labetalol, and nifedipine: a systematic review, Category: pyridine-derivatives, the main research area is Hypertension; Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy; Labetalol; Methyldopa; Nifedipine; Pharmacokinetics; Pregnancy.

Abstract: Purpose: Antihypertensive drugs are among the most prescribed drugs during pregnancy. Methyldopa, labetalol, and nifedipine have been perceived safe to use during pregnancy and are therefore recommended in international guidelines for treatment of hypertension. In this review, we provide a complete overview of what is known on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of the antihypertensive drugs methyldopa, labetalol, and nifedipine throughout pregnancy. Methods: A systematic search was performed to retrieve studies on the PK of methyldopa, labetalol, and nifedipine used throughout pregnancy. The search was restricted to English and original studies. The systematic search was conducted on July 27, 2021, in Embase, Medline Ovid, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Keywords were methyldopa, labetalol, nifedipine, pharmacokinetics, pregnancy, and placenta. Results: A total of 1459 unique references were identified of which title and abstract were screened. Based on this screening, 67 full-text papers were assessed, to retain 30 PK studies of which 2 described methyldopa, 12 labetalol, and 16 nifedipine. No fetal accumulation is found for any of the antihypertensive drugs studied. Conclusion: We conclude that despite decades of prescribing methyldopa, labetalol, and nifedipine throughout pregnancy, descriptions of their PK during pregnancy are hampered by a large heterogeneity in the low number of available studies. Aiming for evidence-based and personalized dosing of antihypertensive medication in the future, further studies on the relationship of both PK and pharmacodynamics (including the optimal blood pressure targeting) during pregnancy and pregnancy-related pathol. are urgently needed to prevent undertreatment, overtreatment, and side effects.

European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology published new progress about Hypertension; Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy; Labetalol; Methyldopa; Nifedipine; Pharmacokinetics; Pregnancy. 21829-25-4 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, name is Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, and the molecular formula is C17H18N2O6, Category: pyridine-derivatives.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Adebayo, Joshua Adeniyi published the artcileEfficacy of nifedipine versus hydralazine in the management of severe hypertension in pregnancy: A randomised controlled trial., HPLC of Formula: 21829-25-4, the main research area is Hydralazine; nifedipine; pregnancy; severe hypertension.

BACKGROUND: Despite the availability of effective antihypertensive drugs, the quality of evidence regarding the best antihypertensive agent for the treatment of hypertensive emergencies in pregnancy is still poor. AIM: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and side effects of oral nifedipine and intravenous hydralazine for control of blood pressure (BP) in severe hypertension in pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An open-label, parallel, randomised, controlled trial of 78 pregnant women (â‰?8 weeks’ gestation) with severe hypertension was conducted. Severe hypertension was defined as systolic BP of 160 mmHg or above and/or diastolic BP of 110 mmHg or above. They were randomly (1:1 ratio) administered oral nifedipine 20 mg or intravenous hydralazine 10 mg every 30 min up to 5 doses or until the target BP of 140-150 mmHg systolic and 90-100 mmHg diastolic was achieved. Intravenous labetalol was given if the primary treatment failed. The primary outcome measure was the number of doses needed to achieve targeted BP. The secondary outcome measures were the time needed to achieve desired BP, maternal adverse effects and perinatal outcome. RESULTS: The sociodemographic characteristics did not differ between the two study groups. The average number of dosages (nifedipine; 1.4 ± 0.6 vs. hydralazine; 1.7 ± 0.5, P = 0.008) needed to control the BP was lower in the nifedipine arm. Time (min) taken to control the BP was similar between the groups (hydralazine; 43.7 ± 19.7 vs. nifedipine; 51.2 ± 18.9, P = 0.113). Adverse maternal and perinatal effects did not differ in the study groups. CONCLUSION: Oral nifedipine and intravenous hydralazine showed comparable efficacy in the BP control in the severe hypertensive disorders of pregnancy without significant difference in adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. However, further studies are required to explore the role of these drugs in BP control during hypertensive emergencies in pregnancy. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV: (Identification number: NCT04435210).

The Nigerian postgraduate medical journal published new progress about Hydralazine; nifedipine; pregnancy; severe hypertension. 21829-25-4 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, name is Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, and the molecular formula is C17H18N2O6, HPLC of Formula: 21829-25-4.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Browne, Emer published the artcileDesign and characterisation of an amorphous formulation of nifedipine for the treatment of autonomic dysreflexia., Application In Synthesis of 21829-25-4, the main research area is HPMC; PVP; Soluplus; amorphous solid dispersion; autonomic dysreflexia; nifedipine.

OBJECTIVES: Current treatment for autonomic dysreflexia (AD) involves rupturing a liquid-filled soft capsule of nifedipine to aid rapid drug release and absorption, however, this application is not covered under the manufacturer’s license. The objective of the current work was to design a rapidly dissolving solid dosage formulation for the treatment of AD as an alternative to the off-license “”bite and swallow”” use of currently available commercial products. METHODS: Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of nifedipine were prepared by spray-drying using three different polymers: hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol (Soluplus), at a 15% w/w drug loading and were formulated and compressed into tablets. Dissolution testing was performed in the paddle dissolution apparatus using either a monophasic or biphasic medium. KEY FINDINGS: The PVP-nifedipine ASD tablets exhibited rapid dissolution, with 35% of the total nifedipine dose dissolving within 15 min in the monophasic dissolution medium. The HPMC-nifedipine ASD exhibited a very slow dissolution, while the Solupus-nifedipine system exhibited no nifedipine release over 120 min. When tested in the biphasic dissolution medium, the PVP-nifedipine ASD tablets exhibited a release profile comparable to that of the pre-split/ruptured nifedipine soft capsule product. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that a nifedipine-PVP ASD is a promising formulation strategy in the treatment of AD.

The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology published new progress about HPMC; PVP; Soluplus; amorphous solid dispersion; autonomic dysreflexia; nifedipine. 21829-25-4 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, name is Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, and the molecular formula is C17H18N2O6, Application In Synthesis of 21829-25-4.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Shuman, Robert T. published the artcileAn improved synthesis of homoproline and derivatives, Synthetic Route of 123811-75-6, the main research area is homoproline derivative; proline homo derivative; piperidinecarboxylic acid; benzohomoproline.

Homoproline derivatives I (R = 3-Me, 4-Me, 6-Me, 4-Et, 4-OMe, 4-CMe3) were prepared from the corresponding pyridines II in 4 steps. A key step was the treatment of N-oxides III (R = same) with Me3SiCN and Me2NCOCl in CH2Cl2 to give nitriles IV (R = same). 5,6-Benzohomoprolines V (R1 = H, Me) were also prepared

Journal of Organic Chemistry published new progress about homoproline derivative; proline homo derivative; piperidinecarboxylic acid; benzohomoproline. 123811-75-6 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, name is 4-(tert-Butyl)picolinic acid hydrochloride, and the molecular formula is C10H14ClNO2, Synthetic Route of 123811-75-6.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Shuman, Robert T. published the artcileAn improved synthesis of homoproline and derivatives, Computed Properties of 123811-72-3, the main research area is homoproline derivative; proline homo derivative; piperidinecarboxylic acid; benzohomoproline.

Homoproline derivatives I (R = 3-Me, 4-Me, 6-Me, 4-Et, 4-OMe, 4-CMe3) were prepared from the corresponding pyridines II in 4 steps. A key step was the treatment of N-oxides III (R = same) with Me3SiCN and Me2NCOCl in CH2Cl2 to give nitriles IV (R = same). 5,6-Benzohomoprolines V (R1 = H, Me) were also prepared

Journal of Organic Chemistry published new progress about homoproline derivative; proline homo derivative; piperidinecarboxylic acid; benzohomoproline. 123811-72-3 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, name is 3-Methylpicolinic acid hydrochloride, and the molecular formula is C7H8ClNO2, Computed Properties of 123811-72-3.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Morisawa, Hiroyuki published the artcileDifficulty of predicting early-onset super-imposed preeclampsia in pregnant women with hemodialysis due to diabetic nephropathy by serum levels of sFlt-1, PlGF, and sEng., Related Products of pyridine-derivatives, the main research area is Hemodialysis; Placental growth factor; Preeclampsia; Soluble endoglin; Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1.

There are few case reports in which circulating levels of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1), placental growth factor (PlGF), and soluble endoglin (sEng) were measured before the onset of super-imposed preeclampsia in women with hemodialysis. A 40-year-old Japanese nulliparous women with hemodialysis due to diabetic nephropathy became pregnant by frozen embryo transfer. Intensive hemodialysis was started at 5 weeks of gestation. Her blood pressure (BP) in the first trimester was around 130/80 mmHg. At 20+3 weeks, she was admitted for close monitoring; her BP was 137/75 mmHg. Her BP increased to 157/88 mmHg at 31+2 weeks, and nifedipine at 20 mg/day was started at 31+6 weeks. However, the serial longitudinal measurements of sFlt-1, PlGF, and sEng did not predict the onset of super-imposed preeclampsia. Cesarean section was performed at 33+6 weeks due to uncontrollable hypertension. A healthy female infant weighing 2138 g was delivered. As for the changes of biomarkers between just before and just after hemodialysis, sFlt-1 was significantly higher just after compared with just before hemodialysis (5774 ±â€?875 pg/mL vs. 2960 ±â€?05 pg/mL, respectively, pâ€?â€?.001). PlGF was also significantly higher just after compared with just before hemodialysis (2227 ±â€?038 pg/mL vs. 1377 ±â€?14 pg/mL, respectively, pâ€?â€?.001). However, the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio and sEng levels were not significantly different between just before and just after hemodialysis (pâ€?â€?.115, pâ€?â€?.672, respectively). In conclusion, prediction of early-onset super-imposed preeclampsia using angiogenic and anti-angiogenic markers in pregnant women with hemodialysis might be difficult.

CEN case reports published new progress about Hemodialysis; Placental growth factor; Preeclampsia; Soluble endoglin; Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1. 21829-25-4 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, name is Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, and the molecular formula is C17H18N2O6, Related Products of pyridine-derivatives.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Menekse Beser, Dilek published the artcileFetal echocardiographic evaluation before and after nifedipine treatment in preterm labor., Category: pyridine-derivatives, the main research area is fetal cardiac function; fetal cardiac morphology; fetal echocardiography; nifedipine; preterm labor.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of nifedipine used for tocolysis on cardiac morphology and functions. METHODS: The study included 47 pregnant women diagnosed with preterm labor at 32-33 weeks. Fetal echocardiographic evaluation was performed with two-dimensional (2D) imaging, M-mode, pulsed wave (PW) Doppler, and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) before and after the 48th hour of nifedipine treatment. RESULTS: No significant change was observed in Doppler parameters (pulsatility indices of the umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery, ductus venosus) and cardiac morphology (cardiothoracic ratio, end-diastolic longitudinal diameters, sphericity indices, wall thickness) after nifedipine treatment. The parameters obtained with TDI (e’, a’, s’, e’/a’, E/e’ of mitral and tricuspid valves), M- mode (TAPSE, MAPSE), pulsed Doppler (myocardial performance index, left cardiac output, right cardiac output, tricuspid E, A waves, tricuspid E/A ratio, mitral E, A waves, mitral E/A ratio) did not change after nifedipine treatment. CONCLUSION: To date, this is the first study to examine the effects of nifedipine on the fetal heart using the TDI. Since nifedipine is a drug that is frequently used and well-tolerated in the prevention of preterm labor, it is crucial that it does not cause changes in fetal cardiac parameters during tocolysis. Therefore, we used TDI in addition to conventional methods to evaluate the effect of nifedipine, which is frequently used in obstetrics, on cardiac functions in the early period. Nifedipine treatment seems not to affect systolic or diastolic functions. This indicates that nifedipine is reliable on cardiac functions and morphology in pregnancies treated for preterm labor.

Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.) published new progress about fetal cardiac function; fetal cardiac morphology; fetal echocardiography; nifedipine; preterm labor. 21829-25-4 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, name is Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, and the molecular formula is C17H18N2O6, Category: pyridine-derivatives.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Javed, Arslan published the artcileDevelopment of Simple Dissolution Methods for Felodipine and Combined Amlodipine Besylate-Indapamide Extended Release Tablets without Stationary (Felodipine) Basket., Synthetic Route of 72509-76-3, the main research area is Felodipine basket; amlodipine besylate; dissolution; felodipine; indapamide; similarity factor; stationary hanging basket.

BACKGROUND: The dissolution method for certain drugs needs specialized conditions. Dissolution testing for felodipine extended release (ER) tablets (Plendil® 5 mg) and amlodipine-indapamide fixed dose (Natrilam®, 5/1.5 mg) ER tablets requires the use of a stationary (felodipine) basket in USP Apparatus II. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to develop simple methods for Plendil® and Natrilam® without the use of a felodipine basket. METHODS: The dissolution profiles obtained from different media and paddle speeds were used to compute miscellaneous dissolution parameters and were compared to those obtained from standard (existing) methods using a felodipine basket. RESULTS: The f1, f2, and bootstrap f2 (5th % percentile) values for Plendil® 2.47, 88.17, and 54.62, respectively, and all other dissolution factors revealed similarity between standard and the selected test method with 1% Tween 20 at 50 rpm. For Natrilam®, f1 and f2 and bootstrap f2 5.13, 72.92, and 62.67, respectively, and all other dissolution parameters showed similarity of the standard and selected test method using 0.1N HCl media having 0.38 gm/L EDTA with a sinker at 100 rpm. Release of products assumed zero-order and Weibull model, respectively. CONCLUSION: Test dissolution methods for Plendil® and Natrilam® tablets produced equivalent dissolution profiles compared to their respective standard methods with stationary basket USP Apparatus II.

Current pharmaceutical design published new progress about Felodipine basket; amlodipine besylate; dissolution; felodipine; indapamide; similarity factor; stationary hanging basket. 72509-76-3 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, name is 3-Ethyl 5-methyl 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, and the molecular formula is C18H19Cl2NO4, Synthetic Route of 72509-76-3.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Doherty, Anne published the artcileHemodynamic Complications in Pregnancy: Preeclampsia and Beyond., Formula: C17H18N2O6, the main research area is Endothelial inflammation; Fetal growth restriction; Hemodynamic adaptation; Preeclampsia; Vascular remodeling.

Normal pregnancy is a complex and dynamic process that requires significant adaptation from the maternal system. Failure of this adaptive process in pregnancy contributes to many pregnancy related disorders, including the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. This article discusses placental development and how abnormalities in the process of vascular remodeling contribute to the multisystem maternal and fetal disease that is preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. We review some of the consequences of this condition on the mother and fetus, aspects of the clinical management of preeclampsia and how it can influence both mother and infant in the postnatal period and beyond.

Clinics in perinatology published new progress about Endothelial inflammation; Fetal growth restriction; Hemodynamic adaptation; Preeclampsia; Vascular remodeling. 21829-25-4 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, name is Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, and the molecular formula is C17H18N2O6, Formula: C17H18N2O6.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem