Day: January 4, 2023

A Three-Step Synthesis of Acotiamide for the Treatment of Patients with Functional Dyspepsia was written by Fu, Kai;Yang, Liu;Wang, Qiu-Fen;Zhan, Fu-Xu;Wang, Bin;Yang, Qian;Ma, Zhi-Jia;Zheng, Geng-Xiu. And the article was included in Organic Process Research & Development in 2015.Electric Literature of C5H6ClN This article mentions the following:

A three-step synthesis of acotiamide is described. The agent is marketed in Japan for treatment of patients with functional dyspepsia. We designed a one-pot method to prepare the key intermediate I from 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid via an acyl chloride and amide and then reacted with H₂NCH₂CH₂N(iPr)₂ to obtain acotiamide under solvent-free condition. With the use of DCC, an unavoidable impurity was also successfully converted into the desired acotiamide. After isolation of acotiamide, we carried forward to the next step of HCl salt formation, which proved to be a very effective procedure for the removal of practically all major impurities. The process is cost-effective, simple to operate, and easy to scale-up. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyridinehydrochloride (cas: 628-13-7Electric Literature of C5H6ClN).

Pyridinehydrochloride (cas: 628-13-7) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine is diamagnetic and has a diamagnetic susceptibility of âˆ?8.7 × 10âˆ? cm3·molâˆ?.The molecular electric dipole moment is 2.2 debyes. The standard enthalpy of formation is 100.2 kJ·molâˆ? in the liquid phase and 140.4 kJ·molâˆ? in the gas phase. Pyridine derivatives are also useful as small-molecule α-helix mimetics that inhibit protein-protein interactions, as well as functionally selective GABA ligands.Electric Literature of C5H6ClN

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Metal-Free Ortho C-H Borylation of 2-Phenoxypyridines under Mild Conditions was written by Niu, Liting;Yang, Haijun;Wang, Ruji;Fu, Hua. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2012.Name: 2-Phenoxypyridine This article mentions the following:

An efficient metal-free ortho C-H borylation has been developed via sequential borylation of substituted 2-phenoxypyridines with BBr₃ following esterification with pinacol. The corresponding aryl boronates were obtained in good yields. The synthesized aryl boronates can be easily transformed into various useful products. Therefore, the present method makes functionalizations of aryl C-H bonds easy. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Phenoxypyridine (cas: 4783-68-0Name: 2-Phenoxypyridine).

2-Phenoxypyridine (cas: 4783-68-0) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a dipole moment and a weaker resonant stabilization than benzene (resonance energy 117 kJ·mol� in pyridine vs. 150 kJ·mol� in benzene). Halopyridines are particularly attractive synthetic building blocks in a variety of cross-coupling methods, including the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction.Name: 2-Phenoxypyridine

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Reaction of aromatic N-oxides with dipolarophiles. XI. 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition reaction of pyridine N-oxides with tosyl isocyanate and one-pot synthesis of 2-oxooxazolo[4,5-b]pyridine derivatives was written by Hisano, Takuzo;Harano, Kazunobu;Fukuoka, Ryuichi;Matsuoka, Toshikazu;Muraoka, Keiji;Shinohara, Ikuo. And the article was included in Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin in 1986.Application In Synthesis of 3,5-Dimethylpyridine 1-oxide This article mentions the following:

The cycloaddition reactivity of 4-MeC₆H₂SO₂NCO toward pyridine N-oxides was calculated by the CNDO/2 method using a perturbation equation, and the results indicated that the initial stage of the reaction might be controlled by coulombic attraction. The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of 4-MeC₆H₄SO₂NCO with 2 equivalent of 3,5-dibromopyridine N-oxide in refluxing C₆H₆ gave 6-bromo-2-oxooxazolo[4,5-b]pyridine, whereas the use of 1 equivalent of 3,5-dichloropyridine N-oxide gave 6,7a-dichloro-2-oxo-3-tosyl-3a,7a-dihydrooxazolo[4,5-b]pyridine, formed from the 1,5-sigmatropic rearrangement of the primary cycloadduct. When the reaction was carried out in the presence of Et₃N in C₆H₆ 6-halo-2-oxo-3-tosyloxazolo[4,5-d]pyridine was isolated. The observed activation parameters, as well as the small solvent effects, may be interpreted in terms of a concerted pathway. The reaction should be very valuable as a one-pot synthesis of 2-oxooxazolo[4,5-b]pyridines, which are pyridine analogs of 5-chloro-2-benzoxazolinone. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,5-Dimethylpyridine 1-oxide (cas: 3718-65-8Application In Synthesis of 3,5-Dimethylpyridine 1-oxide).

3,5-Dimethylpyridine 1-oxide (cas: 3718-65-8) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridines are an important class of heterocycles and occur in polysubstituted forms in many naturally occurring biologically active compounds, drug molecules and chiral ligands. Reduced pyridines, namely tetrahydropyridines, dihydropyridines and piperidines, are found in numerous natural and synthetic compounds. The synthesis and reactivity of these compounds have often been driven by the fact many of these compounds have interesting and unique pharmacological properties. Application In Synthesis of 3,5-Dimethylpyridine 1-oxide

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Regioselective C-H chlorination: towards the sequential difunctionalization of phenol derivatives and late-stage chlorination of bioactive compounds was written by Gao, Chao;Li, Hongchen;Liu, Miaochang;Ding, Jinchang;Huang, Xiaobo;Wu, Huayue;Gao, Wenxia;Wu, Ge. And the article was included in RSC Advances in 2017.COA of Formula: C11H9NO This article mentions the following:

A protocol for the auxillary directed C-H chlorination of phenol derivatives using catalytic amounts of palladium acetate that is amenable to the late-stage chlorination of diflufenican and estrone was developed. The 2-pyridine group allows for a highly efficient palladium-catalyzed chlorination and sequential ortho C-H functionalization reaction of phenol derivatives to produce a variety of sym. and unsym. 2,4,6-trisubstituted phenols. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Phenoxypyridine (cas: 4783-68-0COA of Formula: C11H9NO).

2-Phenoxypyridine (cas: 4783-68-0) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a dipole moment and a weaker resonant stabilization than benzene (resonance energy 117 kJ·mol� in pyridine vs. 150 kJ·mol� in benzene). Pyridine derivatives are also useful as small-molecule α-helix mimetics that inhibit protein-protein interactions, as well as functionally selective GABA ligands.COA of Formula: C11H9NO

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

In vitro surfactant structure-toxicity relationships: implications for surfactant use in sexually transmitted infection prophylaxis and contraception was written by Inacio, Angela S.;Mesquita, Katia A.;Baptista, Marta;Ramalho-Santos, Joao;Vaz, Winchil L. C.;Vieira, Otilia V.. And the article was included in PLoS One in 2011.Product Details of 104-73-4 This article mentions the following:

The need for woman-controlled, cheap, safe, effective, easy-to-use and easy-to-store topical applications for prophylaxis against sexually transmitted infections (STIs) makes surfactant-containing formulations an interesting option that requires a more fundamental knowledge concerning surfactant toxicol. and structure-activity relationships. The authers report in vitro effects of surfactant concentration, exposure time and structure on the viability of mammalian cell types typically encountered in the vagina, namely, fully polarized and confluent epithelial cells, confluent but non-polarized epithelial-like cells, dendritic cells, and human sperm. Representatives of the different families of com. available surfactants – nonionic (Triton X-100 and monolaurin), zwitterionic (DDPS), anionic (SDS), and cationic (C_nTAB (n = 10 to 16), C₁₂PB, and C₁₂BZK) – were examined Triton X-100, monolaurin, DDPS and SDS were toxic to all cell types at concentrations around their critical micelle concentration (CMC) suggesting a non-selective mode of action involving cell membrane destabilization and/or destruction. All cationic surfactants were toxic at concentrations far below their CMC and showed significant differences in their toxicity toward polarized as compared with non-polarized cells. Their toxicity was also dependent on the chem. nature of the polar head group. Our results suggest an intracellular locus of action for cationic surfactants and show that their structure-activity relationships could be profitably exploited for STI prophylaxis in vaginal gel formulations. The therapeutic indexes comparing polarized epithelial cell toxicity to sperm toxicity for all surfactants examined, except C₁₂PB and C₁₂BZK, does not justify their use as contraceptive agents. C₁₂PB and C₁₂BZK are shown to have a narrow therapeutic index recommending caution in their use in contraceptive formulations. The results contribute to understanding the mechanisms involved in surfactant toxicity, have a predictive value with regard to their safety, and may be used to design more effective and less harmful surfactants for use in topical applications for STI prophylaxis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide (cas: 104-73-4Product Details of 104-73-4).

1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide (cas: 104-73-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a conjugated system of six π electrons that are delocalized over the ring. The molecule is planar and, thus, follows the Hückel criteria for aromatic systems. Pyridine groups exist in countless molecules, and their applications include catalysis, drug design, molecular recognition, and natural product synthesis.Product Details of 104-73-4

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Identification of a novel 2-pyridyl-benzensulfonamide derivative, RQ-00203078, as a selective and orally active TRPM8 antagonist was written by Ohmi, Masashi;Shishido, Yuji;Inoue, Tadashi;Ando, Kazuo;Fujiuchi, Akiyoshi;Yamada, Akiko;Watanabe, Shuzo;Kawamura, Kiyoshi. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2014.Recommanded Product: 3-Fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-amine This article mentions the following:

A novel series of 2-pyridyl-benzensulfonamide derivatives have been identified as selective and orally active TRPM8 antagonists via high throughput screening (HTS). Exploration of the structure-activity relationships of compound (I) has led to the identification of RQ-00203078 (compound 36) as a highly selective, potent and orally available TRPM8 antagonist. RQ-00203078 demonstrated excellent in vivo activity in a dose dependent manner with an ED₅₀ value of 0.65 mg/kg in the icilin-induced wet-dog shakes model in rats after oral administration and may become an important pharmacol. tool for fully assessing the potential therapeutic use of the targets activated by cold stimulation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-amine (cas: 852062-17-0Recommanded Product: 3-Fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-amine).

3-Fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-amine (cas: 852062-17-0) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The ring atoms in the pyridine molecule are sp2-hybridized. The nitrogen is involved in the π-bonding aromatic system using its unhybridized p orbital. The lone pair is in an sp2 orbital, projecting outward from the ring in the same plane as the σ bonds. Several pyridine derivatives play important roles in biological systems. While its biosynthesis is not fully understood, nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) occurs in some bacteria, fungi, and mammals.Recommanded Product: 3-Fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-amine

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

N-O Bond as External Oxidant in Group 9 Cp*M(III)-Catalyzed Oxidative C-H Coupling Reactions was written by Liu, Xu-Ge;Gao, Hui;Zhang, Shang-Shi;Li, Qingjiang;Wang, Honggen. And the article was included in ACS Catalysis in 2017.Application of 4373-61-9 This article mentions the following:

O-Acylhydroxylamines and peresters were tried as external oxidants in rhodium-, iridium-, and cobalt-catalyzed oxidative coupling reactions; O-acylhydroxylamines such as RCOONEt₂ (R = Me, t-Bu) and 2,6-(MeO)₂C₆H₃COONR¹₂ (R¹ = Et, i-Pr) were found to be effective oxidants for oxidative coupling reactions of benzoic acids and benzophenone imines with alkynes and for oxidative Heck reactions of arylpyridines and 2-phenylpyrimidine with styrenes to give isocoumarines, isoquinolines, and pyridinyl- and pyrimidinylstilbenes. Using the Cp*Rh(III)-catalyzed isocoumarin synthesis as a model reaction, exptl. and theor. mechanistic studies were conducted to understand the mechanism of the oxidative coupling reactions using O-acylhydroxylamines as oxidants. A Rh(III)-Rh(I)-Rh(III) pathway is more likely involved in the oxidative coupling reactions than a Rh(III)-Rh(V)-Rh(III) pathway; both C-H activation and oxidation of the Cp*Rh(I) species were involved in the turnover-limiting step. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(m-Tolyl)pyridine (cas: 4373-61-9Application of 4373-61-9).

2-(m-Tolyl)pyridine (cas: 4373-61-9) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridines are an important class of heterocycles and occur in polysubstituted forms in many naturally occurring biologically active compounds, drug molecules and chiral ligands. Pyridine groups exist in countless molecules, and their applications include catalysis, drug design, molecular recognition, and natural product synthesis.Application of 4373-61-9

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Efficient synthesis of β-chlorovinylketones from acetylene in chloroaluminate ionic liquids was written by Snelders, Dennis J. M.;Dyson, Paul J.. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2011.HPLC of Formula: 125652-55-3 This article mentions the following:

A method for the Friedel-Crafts-type insertion reaction of acetylene with acid chlorides in chloroaluminate ionic liquids is presented. The use of ionic liquids not only serves to avoid the use of carbon tetrachloride or 1,2-dichloroethane but also suppresses side reactions, notably the polymerization of acetylene, which occurs in these chlorinated solvents. Consequently, the products can be isolated using a simpler purification procedure, giving a range of aromatic and aliphatic β-chlorovinyl ketones in high yield and purity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Butyl-3-methylpyridinium Chloride (cas: 125652-55-3HPLC of Formula: 125652-55-3).

1-Butyl-3-methylpyridinium Chloride (cas: 125652-55-3) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridines are an important class of heterocycles and occur in polysubstituted forms in many naturally occurring biologically active compounds, drug molecules and chiral ligands. One of the examples of pyridines is the well-known alkaloid lithoprimidine, which is an A3 adenosine receptor antagonist and N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) analog, commonly used in organic synthesis.HPLC of Formula: 125652-55-3

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Catalytic C-H Bond Addition of Pyridines to Allenes by a Rare-Earth Catalyst was written by Song, Guoyong;Wang, Baoli;Nishiura, Masayoshi;Hou, Zhaomin. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2015.Quality Control of 2-Isopropylpyridine This article mentions the following:

The catalytic C-H addition of pyridines to allenes was achieved for the first time by using a half-sandwich scandium catalyst, thus constituted a straightforward and atom-economical route for the synthesis of alkenylated pyridines. The reaction proceeded regio- and stereoselectively, affording a new family of alkenylated pyridines which were otherwise difficult to synthesize. A cationic Sc-η²-pyridyl species was isolated and confirmed to be a key catalyst species in the transformation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Isopropylpyridine (cas: 644-98-4Quality Control of 2-Isopropylpyridine).

2-Isopropylpyridine (cas: 644-98-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine’s the lone pair does not contribute to the aromatic system but importantly influences the chemical properties of pyridine, as it easily supports bond formation via an electrophilic attack. Pyridine derivatives are also useful as small-molecule α-helix mimetics that inhibit protein-protein interactions, as well as functionally selective GABA ligands.Quality Control of 2-Isopropylpyridine

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Modification of the pyridine moiety of non-peptidyl indole GnRH receptor antagonists was written by Simeone, Joseph P.;Bugianesi, Robert L.;Ponpipom, Mitree M.;Yang, Yi Tien;Lo, Jane-Ling;Yudkovitz, Joel B.;Cui, Jisong;Mount, George R.;Ren, Rena Ning;Creighton, Mellissa;Mao, An-Hua;Vincent, Stella H.;Cheng, Kang;Goulet, Mark T.. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2002.Category: pyridine-derivatives This article mentions the following:

The synthesis of a number of indole GnRH antagonists is described. Oxidation of the pyridine ring nitrogen, combined with alkylation at the two position, led to a compound with an excellent in vitro activity profile as well as oral bioavailability in both rats and dogs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Bromopyridin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 131747-45-0Category: pyridine-derivatives).

(4-Bromopyridin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 131747-45-0) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine’s the lone pair does not contribute to the aromatic system but importantly influences the chemical properties of pyridine, as it easily supports bond formation via an electrophilic attack. Pyridine derivatives are also useful as small-molecule α-helix mimetics that inhibit protein-protein interactions, as well as functionally selective GABA ligands.Category: pyridine-derivatives

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem