Day: January 4, 2023

Cation isomerism effect on micellization of pyridinium based surface-active ionic liquids was written by Cobanov, Isidora;Sarac, Bojan;Medos, Ziga;Tot, Aleksandar;Vranes, Milan;Gadzuric, Slobodan;Bester-Rogac, Marija. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Liquids in 2021.Category: pyridine-derivatives This article mentions the following:

In this study, four pyridinium-based surface-active ionic liquids (SAILs) with small changes in the cation structure were synthesized, namely N-dodecylpyridinium bromide, N-dodecyl-2-methylpyridinium bromide, N-dodecyl-3-methylpyridinium bromide, and N-dodecyl-4-methylpyridinium bromide. Their micellization behavior in aqueous solutions was investigated by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) in the temperature range between 278.15 K and 318.15 K. The exptl. ITC data were analyzed by applying an improved mass-action model, which provides the values for the critical micelle concentration (cmc), the degree of counterion binding (β), the average aggregation number (n), and the standard heat capacity (Δ_Mc_p^θ), enthalpy (Δ_MH^θ), entropy (Δ_MS^θ) and Gibbs free energy (Δ_MG^θ). Only minor differences were observed for the values of Δ_MH^θ, Δ_MS^θ and Δ_MG^θ, while some significant differences were found for the values of the average aggregation number (n) and Δ_Mc_p^θ. From MD simulations it was found that the presence of the Me group on ortho-, meta- or para- position significantly affects the water organization around the pyridinium ring. Moreover, the hydration of the para-isomer is most pronounced and the hydration shell on this cation may also prevent the monomers from approaching each other. On the other hand, it turned out that the ortho-substituted pyridinium based SAIL has the most neg. value of Δ_Mc_p^θ, which can be ascribed to the partial dehydration of the Me group on the ortho- position during micelle formation. In contrast, for other systems, the alkyl chain was found to be mainly dehydrated while the pyridinium ring remains completely in contact with water even upon micellization. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide (cas: 104-73-4Category: pyridine-derivatives).

1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide (cas: 104-73-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridines are an important class of heterocycles and occur in polysubstituted forms in many naturally occurring biologically active compounds, drug molecules and chiral ligands. Halopyridines are particularly attractive synthetic building blocks in a variety of cross-coupling methods, including the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction.Category: pyridine-derivatives

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Synthesis and characterization of anti-[2.2](1,6)azulenophane was written by Rudolf, Klaus;Koenig, T.. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 1985.Safety of 1-Butyl-4-methylpyridin-1-ium bromide This article mentions the following:

Two synthetic pathways afforded anti-[2.2](1,6)azulenophane (I) via fluoride induced 1,8-elimination from trimethylsilyl-tetraalkylammonium salts II (R = Me₃SiCH₂, R¹ = Me₃N⁺CH₂.I^–; R = Et₂MeN⁺CH₂.I^–, R¹ = Me₃SiCH₂). Spectral data for the title compound are also reported. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Butyl-4-methylpyridin-1-ium bromide (cas: 65350-59-6Safety of 1-Butyl-4-methylpyridin-1-ium bromide).

1-Butyl-4-methylpyridin-1-ium bromide (cas: 65350-59-6) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The ring atoms in the pyridine molecule are sp2-hybridized. The nitrogen is involved in the π-bonding aromatic system using its unhybridized p orbital. The lone pair is in an sp2 orbital, projecting outward from the ring in the same plane as the σ bonds. Reduced pyridines, namely tetrahydropyridines, dihydropyridines and piperidines, are found in numerous natural and synthetic compounds. The synthesis and reactivity of these compounds have often been driven by the fact many of these compounds have interesting and unique pharmacological properties. Safety of 1-Butyl-4-methylpyridin-1-ium bromide

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Synthesis and evaluation of cis-3,4-disubstituted piperidines as potent CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) antagonists was written by Cherney, Robert J.;Nelson, David J.;Lo, Yvonne C.;Yang, Gengjie;Scherle, Peggy A.;Jezak, Heather;Solomon, Kimberly A.;Carter, Percy H.;Decicco, Carl P.. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2008.Formula: C10H17NO2 This article mentions the following:

A series of cis-3,4-disubstituted piperidines was synthesized and evaluated as CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) antagonists. Compound I (R = nPr) emerged with an attractive profile, possessing excellent binding (CCR2 IC₅₀ = 3.4 nM) and functional antagonism (calcium flux IC₅₀ = 2.0 nM and chemotaxis IC₅₀ = 5.4 nM). Studies to explore the binding of these piperidine analogs utilized a key CCR2 receptor mutant (E291A) with compound I (R = H) and revealed a significant reliance on Glu291 for binding. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, tert-Butyl 5,6-dihydropyridine-1(2H)-carboxylate (cas: 85838-94-4Formula: C10H17NO2).

tert-Butyl 5,6-dihydropyridine-1(2H)-carboxylate (cas: 85838-94-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a conjugated system of six π electrons that are delocalized over the ring. The molecule is planar and, thus, follows the Hückel criteria for aromatic systems. Pyridine groups exist in countless molecules, and their applications include catalysis, drug design, molecular recognition, and natural product synthesis.Formula: C10H17NO2

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

A general method for the separation of amphiphilic surface-active poly(ethylene glycol) mono- and di-esters with long-chain ionic liquid-based biphasic systems was written by Kong, Liyun;Yang, Qiwei;Xing, Huabin;Su, Baogen;Bao, Zongbi;Zhang, Zhiguo;Yang, Yiwen;Ren, Qilong. And the article was included in Green Chemistry in 2014.Name: 1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide This article mentions the following:

A new method for the effective separation of amphiphilic poly(ethylene glycol) mono- and di-esters with long-chain ionic liquid-based biphasic systems has been developed. These biphasic systems exhibited high selectivity, a large distribution coefficient and a good ability to eliminate the emulsification resulting from the surface active character of those amphiphilic mols. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide (cas: 104-73-4Name: 1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide).

1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide (cas: 104-73-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. In contrast to benzene, Pyridine’s electron density is not evenly distributed over the ring, reflecting the negative inductive effect of the nitrogen atom. Halopyridines are particularly attractive synthetic building blocks in a variety of cross-coupling methods, including the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction.Name: 1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Condensed as-triazines. V. Pyrido[4,3-e]-as-triazines was written by Benko, Pal;Berenyi, Edit;Messmer, Andras;Hajos, Gyorgy;Pallos, Laszlo. And the article was included in Acta Chimica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae in 1976.Application In Synthesis of 3,4-Dichloro-5-nitropyridine This article mentions the following:

Pyridotriazine oxides I (R = H, Cl) were obtained in 84.5 and 59.7% yields by base-catalyzed cyclocondensation of guanidine with a 4-methoxy-3-nitropyridine. Treatment of I (R = H) with base gave 41.7% of the rearranged triazoleamide II. Addnl. obtained were 35% and 24% III (R = PhCH2NH, morpholino). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,4-Dichloro-5-nitropyridine (cas: 56809-84-8Application In Synthesis of 3,4-Dichloro-5-nitropyridine).

3,4-Dichloro-5-nitropyridine (cas: 56809-84-8) belongs to pyridine derivatives. In contrast to benzene, Pyridine’s electron density is not evenly distributed over the ring, reflecting the negative inductive effect of the nitrogen atom. Reduced pyridines, namely tetrahydropyridines, dihydropyridines and piperidines, are found in numerous natural and synthetic compounds. The synthesis and reactivity of these compounds have often been driven by the fact many of these compounds have interesting and unique pharmacological properties. Application In Synthesis of 3,4-Dichloro-5-nitropyridine

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Discovery of GSK251: A Highly Potent, Highly Selective, Orally Bioavailable Inhibitor of PI3Kδ with a Novel Binding Mode was written by Down, Kenneth;Amour, Augustin;Anderson, Niall A.;Barton, Nick;Campos, Sebastien;Cannons, Edward P.;Clissold, Cole;Convery, Maire A.;Coward, John J.;Doyle, Kevin;Duempelfeld, Birgit;Edwards, Christopher D.;Goldsmith, Michael D.;Krause, Jana;Mallett, David N.;McGonagle, Grant A.;Patel, Vipulkumar K.;Rowedder, James;Rowland, Paul;Sharpe, Andrew;Sriskantharajah, Srividya;Thomas, Daniel A.;Thomson, Douglas W.;Uddin, Sorif;Hamblin, J. Nicole;Hessel, Edith M.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2021.Recommanded Product: 5-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)picolinaldehyde This article mentions the following:

Optimization of a previously reported lead series of PI3Kδ inhibitors with a novel binding mode led to the identification of a clin. candidate compound 31 (GSK251)(I). Removal of an embedded Ames-pos. heteroaromatic amine by reversing a sulfonamide followed by locating an interaction with Trp760 led to a highly selective compound 9 (II). Further optimization to avoid glutathione trapping, to enhance potency and selectivity, and to optimize an oral pharmacokinetic profile led to the discovery of compound 31 (GSK251) that had a low predicted daily dose (45 mg, b.i.d) and a rat toxicity profile suitable for further development. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)picolinaldehyde (cas: 1073354-14-9Recommanded Product: 5-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)picolinaldehyde).

5-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)picolinaldehyde (cas: 1073354-14-9) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine is diamagnetic and has a diamagnetic susceptibility of âˆ?8.7 × 10âˆ? cm3·molâˆ?.The molecular electric dipole moment is 2.2 debyes. The standard enthalpy of formation is 100.2 kJ·molâˆ? in the liquid phase and 140.4 kJ·molâˆ? in the gas phase. Pyridine derivatives are also useful as small-molecule α-helix mimetics that inhibit protein-protein interactions, as well as functionally selective GABA ligands.Recommanded Product: 5-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)picolinaldehyde

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Effect of molecular structure of cation and anions of ionic liquids and co-solvents on selectivity of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from sugars, cellulose and real biomass was written by Naz, Sadia;Uroos, Maliha;Muhammad, Nawshad. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Liquids in 2021.Recommanded Product: 125652-55-3 This article mentions the following:

The concept of biorefinery still requires advancements in process development for energy and materials. Ionic liquids have been successfully used for several biorefinery applications including high yield synthesis of biofuels and value added platform chems. Designing suitable ionic liquid that is efficient in terms of cost as well as product selectivity is still highly needed. This study is carried out to check the effect of different anions of Bronsted acidic ionic liquids (BAILs), Bronsted Lewis acidic ionic liquids (BLAILs), Lewis acidic ionic liquids (LAILs) as well as organic electrolyte solutions (OES) for 5-HMF selectivities from monosaccharides, polysaccharides as well as lignocellulosic composite. Different variables and parameters such as Lewis acidity of anions, alkyl side chain of ionic liquid, metal chloride type and loading, time, temperature, substrate loading, polar protic and aprotic solvents are thoroughly studied for process optimization. Polar protic solvents added in [C₁C₄SO₃HPy] based ionic liquids with CH₃COO^– and Cl^– anions yielded 94 and 80% 5-HMF from fructose and glucose resp. in the presence of AlCl3 as Lewis acid. C₄SO₃H side chain yielding high from fructose and glucose is inefficient for conversion of cellulose and lignocellulose. High product selectivity from these biopolymers is achieved using Bu side chain with 3-methylpyridinium cation and chlorochromate anion. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Butyl-3-methylpyridinium Chloride (cas: 125652-55-3Recommanded Product: 125652-55-3).

1-Butyl-3-methylpyridinium Chloride (cas: 125652-55-3) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a dipole moment and a weaker resonant stabilization than benzene (resonance energy 117 kJ·mol� in pyridine vs. 150 kJ·mol� in benzene). Several pyridine derivatives play important roles in biological systems. While its biosynthesis is not fully understood, nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) occurs in some bacteria, fungi, and mammals.Recommanded Product: 125652-55-3

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Rhodium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Oxidative [3+2] Annulation of Arenes and Azabicyclic Olefins through Twofold C-H Activation was written by Mi, Ruijie;Zheng, Guangfan;Qi, Zisong;Li, Xingwei. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2019.Product Details of 4783-68-0 This article mentions the following:

C-H bond activation is mostly limited to ortho selectivity. Activation of both ortho and meta C-H bonds constitutes a particularly important strategy for annulation, but has rarely been studied in enantioselective systems. Reported herein is rhodium(III)-catalyzed asym. [3+2] transannulation of arenes with 7-azabenzonorbornadienes. Two distinct classes of arenes have been identified as substrates, and the coupling proceeded with high enantioselectivity and excellent diastereoselectivity through sequential activation of ortho and meta C-H bonds. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Phenoxypyridine (cas: 4783-68-0Product Details of 4783-68-0).

2-Phenoxypyridine (cas: 4783-68-0) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a conjugated system of six π electrons that are delocalized over the ring. The molecule is planar and, thus, follows the Hückel criteria for aromatic systems. Pyridine derivatives are also useful as small-molecule α-helix mimetics that inhibit protein-protein interactions, as well as functionally selective GABA ligands.Product Details of 4783-68-0

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Synthesis and Evaluation of Molybdenum and Tungsten Monoaryloxide Halide Alkylidene Complexes for Z-Selective Cross-Metathesis of Cyclooctene and Z-1,2-Dichloroethylene was written by Lam, Jonathan K.;Zhu, Congqing;Bukhryakov, Konstantin V.;Muller, Peter;Hoveyda, Amir;Schrock, Richard R.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2016.Category: pyridine-derivatives This article mentions the following:

Mo complexes Mo(NR)(CHR’)(OR)(Cl)(MeCN) (R = t-Bu or 1-adamantyl; OR = a 2,6-terphenoxide) recently are highly active catalysts for cross metathesis reactions between Z-internal olefins and Z-1,2-dichloroethylene or Z-(CF₃)CH:CH(CF₃). The authors report methods of synthesizing new potential catalysts M(NR)(CHR’)(OR)(Cl)(L) in which M = Mo or W, NR = N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl or NC₆F₅, and L is a phosphine, a pyridine, or a nitrile. The catalysts are tested in the cross-metathesis of Z-1,2-dichloroethylene and cyclooctene. The studies indicate that W complexes are inactive in the test reaction either because the donor is bound too strongly or because MeCN inserts into a W:C bond. The MeCN or pivalonitrile Mo(NR)(CHR’)(OR)(Cl)(L) complexes are especially reactive because the 14e Mo(NR)(CHR’)(OR)Cl core is accessible through dissociation of the nitrile to a significant extent. Pivalonitrile can be removed (>95%) from Mo(NAr)(CHCMe₂Ph)(OHMT)(Cl)(t-BuCN) (Ar = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl; OHMT = 2,6-dimesitylphenoxide) to give 14e Mo(NAr)(CHCMe₂Ph)(OHMT)Cl in solution as a mixture of syn and anti (60:40 at 0.015M) nitrile-free isomers, but these 14e complexes have not yet been isolated in pure form. The syn iso-mer of Mo(NAr)(CHCMe₂Ph)(OHMT)Cl binds pivalonitrile most strongly. Other Mo(NR)(CHR’)(OR)(Cl)(L) complexes can be activated through addition of B(C₆F₅)₃. High stereoselectivities (>98% Z,Z) of ClCH:CH(CH₂)₆CH:CHCl are not restricted to t-butylimido or adamantylimido complexes; 96.2% Z selectivity is observed with B-activated Mo(NC₆F₅)(CHR’)(OHIPT)(Cl)(PPhMe₂). So far no Mo:CHCl complexes, which are required intermediates in the test reaction, were observed in NMR studies at room temperature In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyridinehydrochloride (cas: 628-13-7Category: pyridine-derivatives).

Pyridinehydrochloride (cas: 628-13-7) belongs to pyridine derivatives. In contrast to benzene, Pyridine’s electron density is not evenly distributed over the ring, reflecting the negative inductive effect of the nitrogen atom. Several pyridine derivatives play important roles in biological systems. While its biosynthesis is not fully understood, nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) occurs in some bacteria, fungi, and mammals.Category: pyridine-derivatives

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Cocrystallization of febuxostat with pyridine coformers: crystal structural and physicochemical properties analysis was written by Gao, Lei;Zhang, Xianrui. And the article was included in Journal of Chemistry in 2021.Formula: C5H5NO This article mentions the following:

Drug cocrystals and salts have promising applications for modulating the physicochem. properties and solubility of pharmaceuticals. In this study, a cocrystal and two salts of febuxostat (FEB) with pyridine nitrogen coformers, including 4, 4′- bipyridine (BIP), 3-aminopyridine (3AP) and 4-hydroxypyridine (4HP), were designed to improve the solubility of FEB. The single-crystal structures were elucidated, and their phys. and chem. properties were investigated by IR, PXRD, and DSC. In addition, drug-related properties, including the solubility and powder dissolution rate were assessed. The solubility and powder dissolution studies showed that the FEB-BIP cocrystal and FEB-3AP salt have superior dissolution compared to FEB. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyridin-4-ol (cas: 626-64-2Formula: C5H5NO).

Pyridin-4-ol (cas: 626-64-2) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a dipole moment and a weaker resonant stabilization than benzene (resonance energy 117 kJ·mol� in pyridine vs. 150 kJ·mol� in benzene). One of the examples of pyridines is the well-known alkaloid lithoprimidine, which is an A3 adenosine receptor antagonist and N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) analog, commonly used in organic synthesis.Formula: C5H5NO

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem