Day: January 5, 2023

Short time ionic liquids pretreatment on lignocellulosic biomass to enhance enzymatic saccharification was written by Uju;Shoda, Yasuhiro;Nakamoto, Aya;Goto, Masahiro;Tokuhara, Wataru;Noritake, Yoshiyuki;Katahira, Satoshi;Ishida, Nobuhiro;Nakashima, Kazunori;Ogino, Chiaki;Kamiya, Noriho. And the article was included in Bioresource Technology in 2012.Safety of 1-Butyl-3-methylpyridinium Chloride This article mentions the following:

The potential of 1-butyl-3-methylpyridinium chloride, [Bmpy][Cl], as a pretreatment solvent for lignocellulosic biomasses, bagasse and Eucalyptus, was investigated. The yields of regenerated biomasses ranged between 35% and 96%, and varied according to the pretreatment time, type of ionic liquid (IL) and biomass. The pretreatment of the biomass with [Bmpy][Cl] resulted in up to 8-fold increase in the cellulose conversion when compared with the untreated biomass. For a short pretreatment period (i.e., 10 min), [Bmpy][Cl] showed better performance than 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim][OAc]) with respect to the initial enzymic saccharification rates. The increase in the reaction rates with [Emim][OAc] treatment was because of a reduction in the cellulose crystallinity. In contrast, a decrease in the crystallinity index was not clearly observed for the biomass pretreated with [Bmpy][Cl], and the enhancement of the enzymic saccharification rates using this IL is presumably due to a reduction in the d.p. of cellulose in the biomass. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Butyl-3-methylpyridinium Chloride (cas: 125652-55-3Safety of 1-Butyl-3-methylpyridinium Chloride).

1-Butyl-3-methylpyridinium Chloride (cas: 125652-55-3) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a conjugated system of six π electrons that are delocalized over the ring. The molecule is planar and, thus, follows the Hückel criteria for aromatic systems. Pyridine, its benzo and pyridine-based compounds play diverse roles in organic chemistry. Pyridine-based materials are valued for their optical and physical properties as well as their medical potential. Safety of 1-Butyl-3-methylpyridinium Chloride

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Nickel-catalyzed cyanation of phenol derivatives activated by 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine was written by Wang, Liang;Wang, Yaoyao;Shen, Jun;Chen, Qun;He, Ming-Yang. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2018.Recommanded Product: 2-Phenoxypyridine This article mentions the following:

A nickel-catalyzed cyanation of phenol derivatives activated by 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (TCT) using aminoacetonitrile as the cyanating agent is described. This catalytic system delivered the desired products in moderate to good yields with good substrate compatibility. The readily available starting materials, cost-effective nickel catalyst and metal-free cyanating agent are the major features of the present method. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Phenoxypyridine (cas: 4783-68-0Recommanded Product: 2-Phenoxypyridine).

2-Phenoxypyridine (cas: 4783-68-0) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The ring atoms in the pyridine molecule are sp2-hybridized. The nitrogen is involved in the π-bonding aromatic system using its unhybridized p orbital. The lone pair is in an sp2 orbital, projecting outward from the ring in the same plane as the σ bonds. Halopyridines are particularly attractive synthetic building blocks in a variety of cross-coupling methods, including the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction.Recommanded Product: 2-Phenoxypyridine

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Dual Functional Salts of Benzo[1.2.3]thiadiazole-7-carboxylates as a Highly Efficient Weapon Against Viral Plant Diseases was written by Smiglak, Marcin;Lewandowski, Piotr;Kukawka, Rafal;Budziszewska, Marta;Krawczyk, Krzysztof;Obrepalska-Steplowska, Aleksandra;Pospieszny, Henryk. And the article was included in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering in 2017.Recommanded Product: 1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide This article mentions the following:

Nowadays, plant protection against viral diseases is one of the most challenging tasks faced by modern agriculture. One of the possible ways of plant protection is utilization of systemic acquired resistance phenomenon. In this approach biol. or chem. factors interact with plants and stimulate their immune system against infections before infection occurs. This paper presents 11 ionic derivatives of benzo[1.2.3]thiadiazole-7-carboxy-S-Me ester, a synthetic plant resistance inducer, with counterions specifically selected to modify the phys. and biol. properties of the resulting salts. We present the synthesis methods, as well as phys. and biol. properties, of these newly obtained anionic bifunctional salts. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide (cas: 104-73-4Recommanded Product: 1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide).

1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide (cas: 104-73-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The ring atoms in the pyridine molecule are sp2-hybridized. The nitrogen is involved in the π-bonding aromatic system using its unhybridized p orbital. The lone pair is in an sp2 orbital, projecting outward from the ring in the same plane as the σ bonds. Halopyridines are particularly attractive synthetic building blocks in a variety of cross-coupling methods, including the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction.Recommanded Product: 1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Palladium-Catalyzed Oxygenation of Unactivated sp³ C-H Bonds was written by Desai, Lopa V.;Hull, Kami L.;Sanford, Melanie S.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2004.Computed Properties of C8H11N This article mentions the following:

A new Pd-catalyzed method for the oxygenation of unactivated sp³ C-H bonds is described. A wide variety of alkane substrates containing readily available oxime and/or pyridine directing groups are oxidized with extremely high levels of chemo-, regio-, and in some cases diastereoselectivity. Thus, treatment of pinacolone O-Me oxime, Me₃CC(:NOMe)Me, with 4.5 equiv PhI(OAc)₂ in AcOH/Ac₂O containing Pd(OAc)₂ at 100° for 3.5 h gave 62% MeON:CMeC(CH₂OAc)₃. The substrate scope of these reactions is discussed, and the high selectivities are rationalized on the basis of the requirements of putative palladium alkyl intermediates. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Isopropylpyridine (cas: 644-98-4Computed Properties of C8H11N).

2-Isopropylpyridine (cas: 644-98-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. In contrast to benzene, Pyridine’s electron density is not evenly distributed over the ring, reflecting the negative inductive effect of the nitrogen atom. Many analogues of pyridine are known where N is replaced by other heteroatoms . Substitution of one C–H in pyridine with a second N gives rise to the diazine heterocycles (C4H4N2), with the names pyridazine, pyrimidine, and pyrazine.Computed Properties of C8H11N

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Phosphoinositide-3-kinase inhibitors: Evaluation of substituted alcohols as replacements for the piperazine sulfonamide portion of AMG 511 was written by Lanman, Brian A.;Reed, Anthony B.;Cee, Victor J.;Hong, Fang-Tsao;Pettus, Liping H.;Wurz, Ryan P.;Andrews, Kristin L.;Jiang, Jian;McCarter, John D.;Mullady, Erin L.;San Miguel, Tisha;Subramanian, Raju;Wang, Ling;Whittington, Douglas A.;Wu, Tian;Zalameda, Leeanne;Zhang, Nancy;Tasker, Andrew S.;Hughes, Paul E.;Norman, Mark H.. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2014.COA of Formula: C5H3Br2NO This article mentions the following:

Replacement of the piperazine sulfonamide portion of the PI3Kα inhibitor AMG 511 (1) with a range of aliphatic alcs. led to the identification of a truncated gem-dimethylbenzylic alc. analog, 2-(5-(4-amino-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-6-((5-fluoro-6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)amino)pyridin-3-yl)propan-2-ol (7). This compound possessed good in vitro efficacy and pharmacokinetic parameters and demonstrated an EC₅₀ of 239 ng/mL in a mouse liver pharmacodynamic model measuring the inhibition of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced Akt Ser473 phosphorylation in CD1 nude mice 6 h post-oral dosing. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,6-Dibromo-3-hydroxypyridine (cas: 6602-33-1COA of Formula: C5H3Br2NO).

2,6-Dibromo-3-hydroxypyridine (cas: 6602-33-1) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The ring atoms in the pyridine molecule are sp2-hybridized. The nitrogen is involved in the π-bonding aromatic system using its unhybridized p orbital. The lone pair is in an sp2 orbital, projecting outward from the ring in the same plane as the σ bonds. Many analogues of pyridine are known where N is replaced by other heteroatoms . Substitution of one C–H in pyridine with a second N gives rise to the diazine heterocycles (C4H4N2), with the names pyridazine, pyrimidine, and pyrazine.COA of Formula: C5H3Br2NO

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

One-Step Synthesis of β-Alkylidene-γ-lactones via Ligand-Enabled β,γ-Dehydrogenation of Aliphatic Acids was written by Sheng, Tao;Zhuang, Zhe;Wang, Zhen;Hu, Liang;Herron, Alastair N.;Qiao, Jennifer X.;Yu, Jin-Quan. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 315180-16-6 This article mentions the following:

Ligand-enabled Pd-catalyzed regioselective α,β-dehydrogenation of carbonyl compounds via β-methylene C-H activation has recently emerged as a promising transformation. Herein, authors report the realization of β,γ-dehydrogenation and subsequent vinyl C-H olefination reactions of free carboxylic acids, thus providing a unique method for the structural diversification of aliphatic acids containing α-quaternary centers through sequential functionalizations of two β-C-H bonds and one γ-C-H bond. This tandem dehydrogenation-olefination-lactonization reaction offers a one-step preparation of β-alkylidene-γ-lactones, which are often difficult to prepare through conventional methods, from inexpensive and abundant free aliphatic acids. A variety of free aliphatic acids, such as isosteviol and grandiflorolic acid natural products, and olefins are compatible with the reported protocol. The newly designed bidentate oxime ether-pyridone and morpholine-pyridone ligands are crucial for this tandem reaction to proceed. Notably, these ligands also enable preferential methylene C-H activation over the previously reported, competing process of Me C-H bond olefination. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(Chloromethyl)-6-fluoropyridine (cas: 315180-16-6HPLC of Formula: 315180-16-6).

2-(Chloromethyl)-6-fluoropyridine (cas: 315180-16-6) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The ring atoms in the pyridine molecule are sp2-hybridized. The nitrogen is involved in the π-bonding aromatic system using its unhybridized p orbital. The lone pair is in an sp2 orbital, projecting outward from the ring in the same plane as the σ bonds. Many analogues of pyridine are known where N is replaced by other heteroatoms . Substitution of one C–H in pyridine with a second N gives rise to the diazine heterocycles (C4H4N2), with the names pyridazine, pyrimidine, and pyrazine.HPLC of Formula: 315180-16-6

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

N,B-Bidentate Boryl Ligand-Supported Iridium Catalyst for Efficient Functional-Group-Directed C-H Borylation was written by Wang, Guanghui;Liu, Li;Wang, Hong;Ding, You-Song;Zhou, Jing;Mao, Shuai;Li, Pengfei. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2017.Application of 4783-68-0 This article mentions the following:

Convenient silylborane precursors for introducing N,B-bidentate boryl ligands onto transition metals were designed, prepared, and employed in ready formation of iridium(III) complexes via Si-B oxidative addition A practical, efficient catalytic ortho-borylation reaction of arenes with a broad range of directing groups was developed using an in situ generated catalyst from the silylborane preligand 3c and [IrCl(COD)]₂. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Phenoxypyridine (cas: 4783-68-0Application of 4783-68-0).

2-Phenoxypyridine (cas: 4783-68-0) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine is diamagnetic and has a diamagnetic susceptibility of −48.7 × 10−6 cm3·mol−1.The molecular electric dipole moment is 2.2 debyes. The standard enthalpy of formation is 100.2 kJ·mol−1 in the liquid phase and 140.4 kJ·mol−1 in the gas phase. Many analogues of pyridine are known where N is replaced by other heteroatoms . Substitution of one C–H in pyridine with a second N gives rise to the diazine heterocycles (C4H4N2), with the names pyridazine, pyrimidine, and pyrazine.Application of 4783-68-0

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

A convenient synthesis of cis-4-(sulfomethyl)piperidine-2-carboxylic acid: NMR assignment was written by El Hadri, Ahmed;Leclerc, Gerard. And the article was included in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry in 1993.Reference of 1620-76-4 This article mentions the following:

The title compound (I) was obtained in 22% overall yield from 4-(hydroxymethyl)pyridine via the O-silyl N-oxide and trimethylsilyl cyanide. This cis configuration of I was unambiguously assigned by 200 MHz ¹H NMR and COSY experiments In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Methylpicolinonitrile (cas: 1620-76-4Reference of 1620-76-4).

4-Methylpicolinonitrile (cas: 1620-76-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a dipole moment and a weaker resonant stabilization than benzene (resonance energy 117 kJ·mol−1 in pyridine vs. 150 kJ·mol−1 in benzene). Pyridine groups exist in countless molecules, and their applications include catalysis, drug design, molecular recognition, and natural product synthesis.Reference of 1620-76-4

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Convenient preparation of optically pure 3-aryloxy-pyrrolidines was written by Benard, Christophe;Mohammad, Rahim;Saraswat, Neerja;Shan, Rudong;Maiti, Samarendra N.;Wuts, Peter G. M.;Stier, Michael;Lints, Teresa;Bradow, James;Schwarz, Jacob B.. And the article was included in Synthetic Communications in 2008.Reference of 85838-94-4 This article mentions the following:

Chiral 3-methanesulfonyl-1-Boc-pyrrolidine and piperidine were reacted with sodium phenolates, resulting in a mixture of displacement and elimination products. Following carbamate deprotection and pH adjustment, the 3-pyrroline and tetrahydropyridine byproducts resulting from elimination were easily removed through aqueous partitioning and/or concentration Although the pyrrolidines were formed with a high degree of optical purity, slight racemization was observed for the piperidine case because elevated temperatures were required to effect displacement. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, tert-Butyl 5,6-dihydropyridine-1(2H)-carboxylate (cas: 85838-94-4Reference of 85838-94-4).

tert-Butyl 5,6-dihydropyridine-1(2H)-carboxylate (cas: 85838-94-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a conjugated system of six π electrons that are delocalized over the ring. The molecule is planar and, thus, follows the Hückel criteria for aromatic systems. Pyridine, its benzo and pyridine-based compounds play diverse roles in organic chemistry. Pyridine-based materials are valued for their optical and physical properties as well as their medical potential. Reference of 85838-94-4

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Diazaindenes (azaindoles). II. Methyl derivatives of 1,7-diazaindene was written by Albert, Adrien;Willette, Robert E.. And the article was included in Journal of the Chemical Society in 1964.Formula: C7H10N2 This article mentions the following:

4-, 5-, and 6-Methyl-1,7-diazaindene were prepared by a modified Madelung ring closure of the corresponding 2-formamidolutidines, which were prepared by amination followed by formylation of the corresponding lutidines. The yields were lower than that for the parent compound Ionization constants for these compounds are higher than that of 1,7-diazaindene. The 5-Me derivative produces in mice a marked, nonconvulsive hyperexcitability and at higher doses, a partial paralysis. The 4-Me derivative has purely depressant properties. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,6-Dimethyl-2-pyridinamine (cas: 823-61-0Formula: C7H10N2).

3,6-Dimethyl-2-pyridinamine (cas: 823-61-0) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine is diamagnetic and has a diamagnetic susceptibility of −48.7 × 10−6 cm3·mol−1.The molecular electric dipole moment is 2.2 debyes. The standard enthalpy of formation is 100.2 kJ·mol−1 in the liquid phase and 140.4 kJ·mol−1 in the gas phase. Several pyridine derivatives play important roles in biological systems. While its biosynthesis is not fully understood, nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) occurs in some bacteria, fungi, and mammals.Formula: C7H10N2

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem