Day: January 5, 2023

A low onset voltage WORM type polymer memory based on functional PES was written by Fang, Jiyong;Zhang, Haibo;Wei, Wei;Li, Yunxi;Yue, Xigui;Jiang, Zhenhua. And the article was included in Journal of Applied Polymer Science in 2015.Application of 628-13-7 This article mentions the following:

A high-performance polymer polyethersulfone (CN-Azo-PES), with a flexible ethoxyl linkage between the azobenzene chromophore side chain and the PES backbone, was designed and successfully synthesized for an application in a WORM type memory device as an active polymer layer. CN-Azo-PES has excellent thermal properties with T_g of 151° and the degradation temperature >373°, which can contribute to a better performance of the device. The device based on CN-Azo-PES exhibits a write-once read-many (WORM) type memory performance with an onset voltage ≥-1.0 V and an ON/OFF current ratio >10² at a reading voltage of 0.4 V. Also, the data can be maintained for longer than 4 × 10⁵ s once written and can be read for >400 cycles under a reading voltage of 0.4 V. Thus CN-Azo-PES can serve as an energy saving memory material in the data storage field of next generation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42644. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyridinehydrochloride (cas: 628-13-7Application of 628-13-7).

Pyridinehydrochloride (cas: 628-13-7) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a conjugated system of six π electrons that are delocalized over the ring. The molecule is planar and, thus, follows the Hückel criteria for aromatic systems. Several pyridine derivatives play important roles in biological systems. While its biosynthesis is not fully understood, nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) occurs in some bacteria, fungi, and mammals.Application of 628-13-7

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Synthesis of substituted phenyl 2-pyridyl ethers was written by Acharya, S. P.;Nargund, K.S.. And the article was included in Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, Section B: Physical Sciences in 1962.COA of Formula: C11H9NO This article mentions the following:

Method A to 0.011 mole KOH in EtOH was added 0.011 mole 2,4-Cl(O₂N)C₆H₃OH, the whole refluxed 0.33 hr., 0.011 mole 2,5-Cl(O₂N)C₅H₃N (I) added, refluxed 2-3 hrs., the whole steam distilled, and the non-volatile residue washed with 5% NaOH gave 64% 2,4-Cl(O₂N)C₆H₃OC₅H₃NNO₂-5′ (II), m. 128-9°. Method B 2,6,4-Cl₂(O₂N)C₆H₂OH and I, 0.011 mole each, in 10-15 ml. MeCH(OH)CH₂OH and a trace of Cu bronze was heated 3 hrs. at 130-40°, the whole poured into H₂O, and the solid filtered off, washed with 5% NaOH, and steam distilled to give 56% 2,6,4-Cl₂(O₂N)C₆H₂OC₅H₃NNO₂-5′ (III), m. 153-4°. To 0.005 mole II, 5 g. NH₄Cl, 10 ml. H₂O, and 20 ml. EtOH at 70-80° was added 3 g. reduced Fe, portionwise; the whole stirred 0.75 hr. at 70-80°, filtered, and the filtrate concentrated gave 69% 4,5′-diamino derivative, m. 174-5°; di-N-acetyl derivative m. 147-8°. The following substituted phenyl 2-pyridyl ethers were prepared (substituents in pyridine ring, substituents in benzene ring, method of preparation, % yield, m.p., m.p. of 4,5′-diamino derivative, m.p. of di-N-acetyl derivative given): 5′-O₂N, 3,4-Cl(O₂N), A, 61, 119-20°, 145-6°, 195-6°; 5′-O₂N, 2,5,4-Cl₂(O₂N), A, 52, 151-2°, –, –; 5′-O₂N, 2,6,4-Cl₂(O₂N), Bgr, 56, 153-4°, 147-8°, 226-7°; 3,5′-Cl(O₂N), 2,4-Cl(O₂N), A, 50, 109-10°, 164-5°, 171-2°; 3′,5′-Cl(O₂N), 3,4-Cl(O₂N), A, 57, 104-5°, –, –; 3′,5′-Cl(O₂N), 2,5,4-Cl₂(O₂N), B, 56, 127-30°, –, –; and 3′,5′-Cl(O₂N), 2,6,4-Cl₂(O₂N), B, 141-2°, 54, 215-16°, 252-3°. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Phenoxypyridine (cas: 4783-68-0COA of Formula: C11H9NO).

2-Phenoxypyridine (cas: 4783-68-0) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine’s the lone pair does not contribute to the aromatic system but importantly influences the chemical properties of pyridine, as it easily supports bond formation via an electrophilic attack. Halopyridines are particularly attractive synthetic building blocks in a variety of cross-coupling methods, including the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction.COA of Formula: C11H9NO

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Halogenation of N-oxides of pyridine acetylamino derivatives was written by Talik, Tadeusz;Talik, Zofia. And the article was included in Prace Naukowe Akademii Ekonomicznej imienia Oskara Langego we Wroclawiu in 1983.HPLC of Formula: 31430-47-4 This article mentions the following:

2-Acetamidopyridine N-oxide with HCl or HBr and H₂O₂ gave the 5-chloro amine oxide, the 3,5-Cl₂ analog, and the 3,5-Br₂ analog; the 3-acetamido analog gave 2,4,6-trihalo amine oxides, and the 4-acetamido analog, as well as 2-acetamido-4- and -6-picoline N-oxides, gave 3,5-dihalo amine oxides (e.g., I and II), while 2-acetamido-3-picoline N-oxide gave 5-halo amine oxides; 2-acetamido-5-picoline underwent only the hydrolysis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,5-Dichloro-4-methylpyridin-2-amine (cas: 31430-47-4HPLC of Formula: 31430-47-4).

3,5-Dichloro-4-methylpyridin-2-amine (cas: 31430-47-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a conjugated system of six π electrons that are delocalized over the ring. The molecule is planar and, thus, follows the Hückel criteria for aromatic systems. Several pyridine derivatives play important roles in biological systems. While its biosynthesis is not fully understood, nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) occurs in some bacteria, fungi, and mammals.HPLC of Formula: 31430-47-4

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

N-Methoxyamide: An Alternative Amidation Reagent in the Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed C-H Activation was written by Zhou, Chao;Zhao, Junqi;Guo, Weicong;Jiang, Jijun;Wang, Jun. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2019.Reference of 4373-61-9 This article mentions the following:

In the field of transition-metal-catalyzed C-H activation, N-methoxyamides are widely used as C-H activation substrate. Unexpectedly, in this work N-methoxyamides were found to work as efficient amidation reagents in the rhodium(III)-catalyzed C-H activation with boric acid as a cocatalyst. This reaction features broad substrate scope and good yields. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(m-Tolyl)pyridine (cas: 4373-61-9Reference of 4373-61-9).

2-(m-Tolyl)pyridine (cas: 4373-61-9) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The ring atoms in the pyridine molecule are sp2-hybridized. The nitrogen is involved in the π-bonding aromatic system using its unhybridized p orbital. The lone pair is in an sp2 orbital, projecting outward from the ring in the same plane as the σ bonds. Several pyridine derivatives play important roles in biological systems. While its biosynthesis is not fully understood, nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) occurs in some bacteria, fungi, and mammals.Reference of 4373-61-9

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative coupling of potassium oxalate monoester with 2-aryloxypyridines was written by Li, Zhongyuan;Jing, Kun;Li, Qili;Wang, Guanwu. And the article was included in Huaxue Xuebao in 2019.SDS of cas: 4783-68-0 This article mentions the following:

We disclose the efficient palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative esterification of 2-aryloxpyridines. This reaction proceeds smoothly with potassium oxalate monoester, affording the desired products in moderate to good yields (50%∼82%). Compared to our previous work, the electron-donating pyridinyloxy (PyO) group as the directing group and six-membered metallocycle intermediate dramatically enhance the practicability and substrate tolerance of the present method. In addition, one of the products has been chosen as the model compound to deprotect the directing group to get the valuable salicylate derivative The present method not only provides an efficient and convenient protocol for the synthesis of Et salicylate derivatives, but also enriches the diversity of Pd (II)/Pd (IV) catalytic reactions. A general procedure for the esterification of 2-aryloxypyridines with potassium oxalate monoester is as following: a mixture of 1 (0.5 mmol), Pd(OAc)₂ (10 mol%), K₂S₂O₈ (1.0 mmol), Ag₂CO₃ (1.0 mmol), 2 (1.0 mmol), D-CSA (0.125 mmol), and 1, 4-dioxane (2.5 mL) in a 25 mL tube was heated at 80°C for a suitable time. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the residue by column chromatog. on silica gel with petroleum ether and Et acetate as the eluent provided the desired product. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Phenoxypyridine (cas: 4783-68-0SDS of cas: 4783-68-0).

2-Phenoxypyridine (cas: 4783-68-0) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridines are an important class of heterocycles and occur in polysubstituted forms in many naturally occurring biologically active compounds, drug molecules and chiral ligands. Pyridine derivatives are also useful as small-molecule α-helix mimetics that inhibit protein-protein interactions, as well as functionally selective GABA ligands.SDS of cas: 4783-68-0

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

A Thermodynamic Analysis of Charged Mixed Micelles in Water was written by Maeda, Hiroshi. And the article was included in Journal of Physical Chemistry B in 2005.COA of Formula: C17H30BrN This article mentions the following:

A thermodn. anal. is presented for elec. charged mixed micelles in water on the basis of the Gibbs-Duhem relation proposed by Hall in combination with the information on the degree of counterion binding. The proposed analyses are shown to work well for both ionic/nonionic mixed micelles and those consisting of ionic surfactants of like charges. Conclusions for ionic/nonionic mixed micelles are as follows. (1) The contribution from counterions is significant. (2) In media of low ionic strengths, the counterion concentration varies with the micellar mole fraction of the ionic species x. The dependency of the activity coefficients and the excess free energy on x is significantly influenced by this effect, but it can be corrected to a large extent in terms of the Corrin-Harkins relation. (3) The regular solution theory (RST) is not always valid even when the excess free energy is described well with the RST expression unless the observed range of the micelle composition is wide enough. (4) The RST overestimates x and underestimates the activity coefficient of the ionic species when applied to the mixed micelles to which it is inapplicable. For the ionic mixed micelles consisting of surfactants of like charges, the Lange-Shinoda approach is shown to be consistent with the present anal. in terms of the Gibbs-Duhem relation, but Motomura’s approach is not exact but approx. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide (cas: 104-73-4COA of Formula: C17H30BrN).

1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide (cas: 104-73-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a conjugated system of six π electrons that are delocalized over the ring. The molecule is planar and, thus, follows the Hückel criteria for aromatic systems. Pyridine derivatives are also useful as small-molecule α-helix mimetics that inhibit protein-protein interactions, as well as functionally selective GABA ligands.COA of Formula: C17H30BrN

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Ecotoxicity of Pyridinium Based ILs towards Guppy Fish and Four Bacterial Strains was written by Hafez, Nehal Farouk Mohamed;Abdul Mutalib, Mohamed Ibrahim;Bustam, Mohammad Azmi B.;El-Harbawi, Mohanad;Leveque, Jean-Marc. And the article was included in Procedia Engineering in 2016.SDS of cas: 104-73-4 This article mentions the following:

Ionic liquids (ILs) are molten salts that possess low m.ps. and wide solvation properties. ILs attracted the attention of the academic and industrial professionals due remarkable properties such as low vapor pressure and thermal stability which make them more environmentally friendly as they can replace volatile organic solvents (VOCs) in many organic reactions. This has brought attention to broaden this research area to overcome the harmful emissions from VOCs in industry. Pyridinium ILs have a wide range of applications in various domains such as material sciences, organic and bioorganic syntheses, biotechnologies, nanotechnol. and Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR). However, available toxicity data in literature is yet scarce and hampers a large scale development. In this study, 18 synthesized ILs were tested against guppy fish and four bacterial strains. Two gram neg. bacteria: Salmonella enterica, Vibrio cholera and two gram pos. bacteria: Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus were chosen to represent each category of bacteria. Fish test was conducted using OECD guidelines and the “96-well plate” procedure was adopted for the bacterial test using (CLSI M100-S24). Results showed that long alkyl chain length ILs showed higher toxicity than short alkyl chain analogs on all the targeted strains. The highest toxic effect exhibited by pyridinium ILs towards guppy fish was moderately toxic and the rest varied between relatively harmless and practically nontoxic. The highest antibacterial effect indicated slightly toxic effect towards Staphylococcus aureus obtaining EC₅₀ = 19.3 mg/L. In most cases, pyridinium ILs indicated relatively harmless and practically harmless effects towards bacteria after comparing the EC₅₀ values obtained with Passino and Smith 1987 hazard ranking. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide (cas: 104-73-4SDS of cas: 104-73-4).

1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide (cas: 104-73-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridines are an important class of heterocycles and occur in polysubstituted forms in many naturally occurring biologically active compounds, drug molecules and chiral ligands. Reduced pyridines, namely tetrahydropyridines, dihydropyridines and piperidines, are found in numerous natural and synthetic compounds. The synthesis and reactivity of these compounds have often been driven by the fact many of these compounds have interesting and unique pharmacological properties. SDS of cas: 104-73-4

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Syntheses of sterically hindered zwitterionic pyridinium phenolates as model compounds in nonlinear optics. Part 2. was written by Diemer, Vincent;Chaumeil, Helene;Defoin, Albert;Fort, Alain;Boeglin, Alex;Carre, Christiane. And the article was included in European Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2008.Related Products of 3718-65-8 This article mentions the following:

Pyridinium phenolates possess a dissym. delocalized π-electron system providing a huge quadratic nonlinearity. They are a promising class of mols. for applications in photoelectronics and photonics. Semiempirical calculations indicate that the interplanar angle between the two aromatic rings leads to enhancement in the NLO properties of these compounds The confirmation of this feature may be provided by the study of a new series of sterically hindered pyridinium phenolates bearing two tert-Bu substituents at the ortho position(s) of the phenolate functionality. Such bulky groups would enhance the solubility of zwitterions in organic solvents and would limit the formation of aggregates. Their efficient preparations by using Suzuki cross-coupling reactions involving 3,5-dialkylated 4-bromopyridine N-oxides are described. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,5-Dimethylpyridine 1-oxide (cas: 3718-65-8Related Products of 3718-65-8).

3,5-Dimethylpyridine 1-oxide (cas: 3718-65-8) belongs to pyridine derivatives. In contrast to benzene, Pyridine’s electron density is not evenly distributed over the ring, reflecting the negative inductive effect of the nitrogen atom. Pyridine groups exist in countless molecules, and their applications include catalysis, drug design, molecular recognition, and natural product synthesis.Related Products of 3718-65-8

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

A research of basic structure of hypoglycemic agent from (-)-multiflorine as a lead compound was written by Kubo, Hajime. And the article was included in Hoshi Yakka Daigaku Kiyo in 2006.Electric Literature of C7H9NO This article mentions the following:

(-)-Multiflorine, a member of Lupin alkaloids, has been known to have a hypoglycemic activity against streptozotocine-induced diabetic mice. Therefore, this research aimed at a searching of basic structure of hypoglycemic agent, (-)-multiflorine as a lead compound It appears that double bond(s) in the A-B ring system of multiflorine influence hypoglycemic potency. Among the tricyclic compounds, N-H and N-Me compounds had significant hypoglycemic effect the same as multiflorine had. It was suspected that the D-ring in (-)-multiflorine was not necessary for appearance of hypoglycemic effect and small substituted groups was influence on strength of hypoglycemic effect. The position of the oxo-group in A-B ring system of cause hypoglycemic effect but showed no acute the toxicity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Methoxy-2-methylpyridine (cas: 24103-75-1Electric Literature of C7H9NO).

4-Methoxy-2-methylpyridine (cas: 24103-75-1) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a conjugated system of six π electrons that are delocalized over the ring. The molecule is planar and, thus, follows the Hückel criteria for aromatic systems. Halopyridines are particularly attractive synthetic building blocks in a variety of cross-coupling methods, including the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction.Electric Literature of C7H9NO

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Radical-Based Regioselective C-H Functionalization of Electron-Deficient Heteroarenes: Scope, Tunability, and Predictability was written by O’Hara, Fionn;Blackmond, Donna G.;Baran, Phil S.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2013.Reference of 59718-84-2 This article mentions the following:

Radical addition processes can be ideally suited for the direct functionalization of heteroaromatic bases, yet these processes are only sparsely used due to the perception of poor or unreliable control of regiochem. A systematic investigation of factors affecting the regiochem. of radical functionalization of heterocycles using alkylsulfinate salts revealed that certain types of substituents exert consistent and additive effects on the regioselectivity of substitution. This allowed us to establish guidelines for predicting regioselectivity on complex π-deficient heteroarenes, including pyridines, pyrimidines, pyridazines, and pyrazines. Since the relative contribution from opposing directing factors was dependent on solvent and pH, it was sometimes possible to tune the regiochem. to a desired result by modifying reaction conditions. This methodol. was applied to the direct, regioselective introduction of iso-Pr groups into complex, biol. active mols., such as diflufenican (I; R = H → R = iso-Pr) and nevirapine (II; R = H → R = iso-Pr). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 3-methylpicolinate (cas: 59718-84-2Reference of 59718-84-2).

Methyl 3-methylpicolinate (cas: 59718-84-2) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a conjugated system of six π electrons that are delocalized over the ring. The molecule is planar and, thus, follows the Hückel criteria for aromatic systems. Pyridine derivatives are also useful as small-molecule α-helix mimetics that inhibit protein-protein interactions, as well as functionally selective GABA ligands.Reference of 59718-84-2

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem