Day: January 5, 2023

Response of intestinal metabolome to polysaccharides from mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum was written by Jin, Mingliang;Zhang, Hao;Wang, Jiaojiao;Shao, Dongyan;Yang, Hui;Huang, Qingsheng;Shi, Junling;Xu, Chunlan;Zhao, Ke. And the article was included in International Journal of Biological Macromolecules in 2019.Reference of 626-64-2 This article mentions the following:

Polysaccharides from the mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum (GLP) can improve intestinal barrier function, regulate intestinal immunity and modulate intestinal microbiota. In the present study, GLP was given via oral administration to rats (100 mg/kg body weight, 21 days) to investigate the metabolomic profiling of caecal contents induced by GLP. Gas chromatog.-time of light/mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS) was performed to identify the metabolites, followed by biomarker and pathway anal. The multivariate anal. indicated clear separated clusters between two groups. The significantly different metabolites were characterized, which mainly involved in vitamin B6 metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, fructose and mannose metabolism, and alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism Indolelactate and 2,2-dimethylsuccinic acid were selected as key biomarkers responded to GLP administration. Furthermore, significantly different metabolites identified were associated with the improvement of intestinal immunol. function and regulation of intestinal microbiota. Our results provided a potential metabolomic mechanism of health-beneficial properties of polysaccharides from the mycelia of G. lucidum, which might be used as functional agents to regulate the intestinal functions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyridin-4-ol (cas: 626-64-2Reference of 626-64-2).

Pyridin-4-ol (cas: 626-64-2) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The ring atoms in the pyridine molecule are sp2-hybridized. The nitrogen is involved in the π-bonding aromatic system using its unhybridized p orbital. The lone pair is in an sp2 orbital, projecting outward from the ring in the same plane as the σ bonds. Many analogues of pyridine are known where N is replaced by other heteroatoms . Substitution of one C–H in pyridine with a second N gives rise to the diazine heterocycles (C4H4N2), with the names pyridazine, pyrimidine, and pyrazine.Reference of 626-64-2

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Heterogeneous catalytic oxidation of pyridines to N-oxides under mild conditions using tungsten-loaded TiO₂ was written by Li, Qing-Feng;Luo, Wen;Lu, Wei;Wang, Zhenling. And the article was included in Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis in 2016.Electric Literature of C7H9NO This article mentions the following:

The heterogeneous catalytic oxidation of pyridines to pyridine N-oxides has been studied using tungsten-loaded TiO₂ as the catalyst and hydrogen peroxide as the green oxidant. The catalysts were synthesized by a simple impregnation technique and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy, XPS. The catalytic performances of the catalysts were evaluated by the N-oxidation of pyridines with 30 weight% H₂O₂ solution as an environmentally friendly oxidant at room temperature These processes serve as an efficient method to prepare a variety of pyridine-N-oxides in modest to high yields, and the pyridine N-oxides could be easily separated from the heterogeneous catalytic system. This study will provide a useful strategy for preparation of heterocyclic N-oxides in the mild condition. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,5-Dimethylpyridine 1-oxide (cas: 3718-65-8Electric Literature of C7H9NO).

3,5-Dimethylpyridine 1-oxide (cas: 3718-65-8) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a dipole moment and a weaker resonant stabilization than benzene (resonance energy 117 kJ·mol−1 in pyridine vs. 150 kJ·mol−1 in benzene). One of the examples of pyridines is the well-known alkaloid lithoprimidine, which is an A3 adenosine receptor antagonist and N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) analog, commonly used in organic synthesis.Electric Literature of C7H9NO

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Expansion of Azulenes as Nonbenzenoid Aromatic Compounds for C-H Activation: Rhodium- and Iridium-Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization of Azulene Carboxylic Acids with Alkynes for the Synthesis of Azulenolactones and Benzoazulenes was written by Maeng, Chanyoung;Son, Jeong-Yu;Lee, Seung Cheol;Baek, Yonghyeon;Um, Kyusik;Han, Sang Hoon;Ko, Gi Hoon;Han, Gi Uk;Lee, Kyungsup;Lee, Kooyeon;Lee, Phil Ho. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2020.Reference of 65350-59-6 This article mentions the following:

Rhodium-catalyzed oxidative [4+2] cyclization reactions through the C-H activation of azulene carboxylic acids as nonbenzenoid aromatic compounds with sym. and unsym. alkynes were developed under aerobic conditions, which produced azulenolactone derivatives with a wide substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance. Interestingly, azulenic acids in reaction with alkynes underwent iridium-catalyzed [2+2+2] cyclization accompanied by decarboxylation to afford tetra(aryl)-substituted benzoazulene derivatives The reactivity order for C-H activation reaction was greater toward azulene-6-carboxylic acid, azulene-1-carboxylic acid and azulene-2-carboxylic acid. For the first time, the expansion of azulenes having directing group as nonbenzenoid aromatic compounds for C-H activation was successful, indicating that nonbenzenoid aromatic compounds can be used as good substrates for the C-H activation reaction. Therefore, the research area of C-H activation will certainly expand to nonbenzenoid aromatic compounds in future. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Butyl-4-methylpyridin-1-ium bromide (cas: 65350-59-6Reference of 65350-59-6).

1-Butyl-4-methylpyridin-1-ium bromide (cas: 65350-59-6) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine’s the lone pair does not contribute to the aromatic system but importantly influences the chemical properties of pyridine, as it easily supports bond formation via an electrophilic attack. Halopyridines are particularly attractive synthetic building blocks in a variety of cross-coupling methods, including the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction.Reference of 65350-59-6

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Synthesis of Trisubstituted Pyridines via Chemoselective Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling of 3,5- and 4,6-Dibromo-2-tosyloxypyridines was written by Park, Cho-Hee;Kwon, Yong-Ju;Oh, In-Young;Kim, Won-Suk. And the article was included in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2017.Safety of 3,5-Dibromo-2-hydroxypyridine This article mentions the following:

Chemoselective Suzuki-Miyaura reactions on 3,5- and 4,6-dibromo-2-tosyloxypyridines was studied for the preparation of trisubstituted pyridines I [Ar = Ph, 3-thienyl, 2-benzothiophenyl, etc.] and II. Further functionalization such as palladium-catalyzed amination and copper-free Sonogashira reaction of the tosylate group in the diarylpyridine derivatives obtained was accomplished for the synthesis of novel and biol. relevant trisubstituted pyridines. The formal synthesis of ficuseptine, a bioactive alkaloid, was also achieved via palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of 3,5-dibromo-2-tosyloxypyridine from 3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxypyridine with 50% overall yield. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,5-Dibromo-2-hydroxypyridine (cas: 13472-81-6Safety of 3,5-Dibromo-2-hydroxypyridine).

3,5-Dibromo-2-hydroxypyridine (cas: 13472-81-6) belongs to pyridine derivatives. In contrast to benzene, Pyridine’s electron density is not evenly distributed over the ring, reflecting the negative inductive effect of the nitrogen atom. Pyridine, its benzo and pyridine-based compounds play diverse roles in organic chemistry. Pyridine-based materials are valued for their optical and physical properties as well as their medical potential. Safety of 3,5-Dibromo-2-hydroxypyridine

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Oxidant-Induced Azolation of Electron-Rich Phenol Derivatives was written by Wang, Xiaoyu;Wang, Shengchun;Gao, Yiming;Sun, He;Liang, Xing’an;Bu, Faxiang;Abdelilah, Takfaoui;Lei, Aiwen. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2020.Reference of 51834-97-0 This article mentions the following:

An oxidant-induced intermol. azolation of phenol derivatives was demonstrated under catalyst-free condition. Both monoazolation and diazolation of phenols was successfully achieved via this practical and powerful method. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Hydroxy-2-methoxylpyridine (cas: 51834-97-0Reference of 51834-97-0).

5-Hydroxy-2-methoxylpyridine (cas: 51834-97-0) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The ring atoms in the pyridine molecule are sp2-hybridized. The nitrogen is involved in the π-bonding aromatic system using its unhybridized p orbital. The lone pair is in an sp2 orbital, projecting outward from the ring in the same plane as the σ bonds. Halopyridines are particularly attractive synthetic building blocks in a variety of cross-coupling methods, including the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction.Reference of 51834-97-0

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

A QSPR-approach to the estimation of the pK_HB of six-membered nitrogen-heterocycles using quantum mechanically derived descriptors was written by Hennemann, Matthias;Clark, Timothy. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Modeling [online computer file] in 2002.Safety of 2-Isopropylpyridine This article mentions the following:

Descriptors derived from semiempirical (AM1) MO calculations have been used to construct a quant. structure-property relationship (QSPR) for the thermodn. hydrogen-bond basicity, pK_HB, of a series of six-membered aromatic nitrogen-heterocycles. The resulting model uses four-descriptors (the Coulson charge on the nitrogen atom, the energy of the localized nitrogen lone-pair orbital, the p-orbital contribution to this MO and an accessibility angle). The model gives r²_ev=0.95 for 51 compounds with a standard deviation between calculation and experiment of 0.13 log units. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Isopropylpyridine (cas: 644-98-4Safety of 2-Isopropylpyridine).

2-Isopropylpyridine (cas: 644-98-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The ring atoms in the pyridine molecule are sp2-hybridized. The nitrogen is involved in the π-bonding aromatic system using its unhybridized p orbital. The lone pair is in an sp2 orbital, projecting outward from the ring in the same plane as the σ bonds. Many analogues of pyridine are known where N is replaced by other heteroatoms . Substitution of one C–H in pyridine with a second N gives rise to the diazine heterocycles (C4H4N2), with the names pyridazine, pyrimidine, and pyrazine.Safety of 2-Isopropylpyridine

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

A structure-activity relationship study of the toxicity of ionic liquids using an adapted Ferreira-Kiralj hydrophobicity parameter [Erratum to document cited in CA162:240673] was written by de Melo, Eduardo Borges. And the article was included in Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics in 2016.Recommanded Product: 17281-59-3 This article mentions the following:

The author discovered an error in the parameter N_H used in the published article; the study was carried out using the correct values and the corrected result values are given. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(Cyanomethyl)pyridin-1-ium chloride (cas: 17281-59-3Recommanded Product: 17281-59-3).

1-(Cyanomethyl)pyridin-1-ium chloride (cas: 17281-59-3) belongs to pyridine derivatives. In contrast to benzene, Pyridine’s electron density is not evenly distributed over the ring, reflecting the negative inductive effect of the nitrogen atom. Pyridine derivatives are also useful as small-molecule α-helix mimetics that inhibit protein-protein interactions, as well as functionally selective GABA ligands.Recommanded Product: 17281-59-3

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Fast olefin metathesis: synthesis of 2-aryloxy-substituted Hoveyda-type complexes and application in ring-closing metathesis was written by Kos, Pavlo;Savka, Roman;Plenio, Herbert. And the article was included in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2013.SDS of cas: 85838-94-4 This article mentions the following:

Compounds I (R = NMe₂, H, Cl, NO₂) were reacted with the ruthenium complexes [RuCl₂(NHC)(3-phenylindenylidene)(py)] in the presence of a protic resin to result in the formation of the resp. Hoveyda-type complexes II (R = NMe₂, H, Cl, NO₂) and III (R = NMe₂, H, Cl, NO₂) in 66-84% yield. The lower steric bulk and the decreased donation of the diaryl ether oxygen atoms in complexes II and III led to rapidly initiating precatalysts. The Ru(II/III) redox potentials of complexes III were determined (ΔE=0.89-1.08 V). In the crystal structure of II (R = H) two independent mols. were observed in the unit cell, displaying Ru-O distances of 226.6(4) and 230.5(3) pm. The catalytic performance of complexes 5 and 6 in various ring-closing metathesis (RCM) reactions was studied. Catalyst loadings of between 15-200 ppm are sufficient for the formation of >90% yield of the resp. cyclic products. Complex III (R = H) catalyzes the formation of N-protected 2,5-dihydropyrroles with up to TON 64,000 and TOF 256,000 h^-1, of the N-protected 1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridines with up to TON 18,200 and TOF 73,000 h^-1 and of the N-protected 2,3,6,7-tetrahydroazepines with up to TON 8,100 and TOF 32,000 h^-1 with yields ranging between 77 and 96%. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, tert-Butyl 5,6-dihydropyridine-1(2H)-carboxylate (cas: 85838-94-4SDS of cas: 85838-94-4).

tert-Butyl 5,6-dihydropyridine-1(2H)-carboxylate (cas: 85838-94-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The ring atoms in the pyridine molecule are sp2-hybridized. The nitrogen is involved in the π-bonding aromatic system using its unhybridized p orbital. The lone pair is in an sp2 orbital, projecting outward from the ring in the same plane as the σ bonds. Reduced pyridines, namely tetrahydropyridines, dihydropyridines and piperidines, are found in numerous natural and synthetic compounds. The synthesis and reactivity of these compounds have often been driven by the fact many of these compounds have interesting and unique pharmacological properties. SDS of cas: 85838-94-4

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Magnetic properties of a quantum spin ladder in proximity to the isotropic limit was written by Zvyagin, S. A.;Ponomaryov, A. N.;Ozerov, M.;Schulze, E.;Skourski, Y.;Beyer, R.;Reimann, T.;Zviagina, L. I.;Green, E. L.;Wosnitza, J.;Sheikin, I.;Bouillot, P.;Giamarchi, T.;Wikara, J. L.;Turnbull, M. M.;Landee, C. P.. And the article was included in Physical Review B in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 626-64-2 This article mentions the following:

We report on the synthesis, crystal structure, magnetic, thermodn., and electron-spin-resonance properties of the coordination complex [Cu₂(pz)₃(4-HOpy)₄](ClO₄)₄ (pz=pyrazine; 4-HOpy=4-hydroxypyridine). This material is identified as a spin-1/2 Heisenberg ladder system with exchange-coupling parameters J_rung/k_B = 12.1(1)K and J_leg/k_B = 10.5(3)K[J_rung/J_leg = 1.15(4)]. For single crystals our measurements revealed two critical fields, Μ₀H_c1=4.63(5)T and Μ₀H_c2=22.78(5)T (for H||a*), separating the gapped spin-liquid, gapless Tomonaga-Luttinger-liquid, and fully spin-polarized phase. No signature of a field-induced transition into a magnetically ordered phase was found at temperatures down to 450 mK. The material bridges an important gap by providing an excellent phys. realization of an almost isotropic spin-1/2 strong-rung Heisenberg ladder system with modest exchange-coupling energy and critical-field scales. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyridin-4-ol (cas: 626-64-2HPLC of Formula: 626-64-2).

Pyridin-4-ol (cas: 626-64-2) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The pyridine ring occurs in many important compounds, including agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and vitamins. Pyridine, its benzo and pyridine-based compounds play diverse roles in organic chemistry. Pyridine-based materials are valued for their optical and physical properties as well as their medical potential. HPLC of Formula: 626-64-2

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Transfer hydrogenation via generation of hydride intermediate and base-free alcohol oxidation activity studies on designed ruthenium complexes derived from NNN pincer type ligands was written by Singh, Prasoon Raj;Maji, Ankur;Singh, Ovender;Singh, Udai P.;Ghosh, Kaushik. And the article was included in Applied Organometallic Chemistry in 2020.Electric Literature of C12H9NO This article mentions the following:

Ruthenium complexes(1-3) were synthesized using pincer-type ligands L¹ = (E)-2-((2-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)hydrazono)methyl)pyridine, L² = (E)-2-(1-phenyl-2-(1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethylidene)hydrazinyl)pyridine, L³ = (E)-2-(phenyl(2-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)hydrazono) Me)pyridine. The mol. structures of all the complexes 1, 2 and 3 were determined by using single crystal x-ray diffraction. These complexes showed excellent catalytic activities such as transfer hydrogenation and alc. oxidation Theor. calculations were performed to understand the electronic properties of all the complexes using B3LYP as a function and LANL2DZ as a basis set. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methanone (cas: 91-02-1Electric Literature of C12H9NO).

Phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methanone (cas: 91-02-1) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The ring atoms in the pyridine molecule are sp2-hybridized. The nitrogen is involved in the π-bonding aromatic system using its unhybridized p orbital. The lone pair is in an sp2 orbital, projecting outward from the ring in the same plane as the σ bonds. One of the examples of pyridines is the well-known alkaloid lithoprimidine, which is an A3 adenosine receptor antagonist and N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) analog, commonly used in organic synthesis.Electric Literature of C12H9NO

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem