Day: January 6, 2023

Tunable Dielectric Responses Triggered by Dimensionality Modification in Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Phase Transition Compounds (C₅H₆N)Cd_nCl_2n+1 (n = 1 and 2) was written by Sun, Xiao-Fen;Wang, Zhongxia;Li, Peng-Fei;Liao, Wei-Qiang;Ye, Heng-Yun;Zhang, Yi. And the article was included in Inorganic Chemistry in 2017.Product Details of 628-13-7 This article mentions the following:

Two hybrids (C₅H₆N)CdCl₃ (1) and (C₅H₆N)Cd₂Cl₅ (2) were synthesized by stoichiometric regulation of reactants. 1 with a 1-dimensional chain-like structure shows a step-like dielec. anomaly at ∼158 K 2 with a layered structure undergoes a prominent phase transition in the vicinity of 182 K, accompanying obvious dielec. relaxation behavior in a broad temperature range. Systematic characterization, such as DSC, single-crystal x-ray diffraction, and dielec. measurements, demonstrated that the phase transitions of 1 and 2 are both attributable to the dynamic motion of the organic cation. Significantly, dimensionality modulation triggers the tunable dielec. responses in these two compounds Thus, regulation of the phase transition temperature and dielec. responses in the various dimensions of the structure is a potentially effective method to construct tunable dielec. phase transition materials. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyridinehydrochloride (cas: 628-13-7Product Details of 628-13-7).

Pyridinehydrochloride (cas: 628-13-7) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The pyridine ring occurs in many important compounds, including agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and vitamins. Pyridine, its benzo and pyridine-based compounds play diverse roles in organic chemistry. Pyridine-based materials are valued for their optical and physical properties as well as their medical potential. Product Details of 628-13-7

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Regioselective Tandem C-H Alkylation/Coupling Reaction of ortho-Iodophenylethylenes via C,C-Pallada(II)cycles was written by Zhu, Bin-Bin;Ye, Wen-Bo;He, Zhi-Tao;Zhang, Shu-Sheng;Feng, Chen-Guo;Lin, Guo-Qiang. And the article was included in ACS Catalysis in 2021.Application of 823-61-0 This article mentions the following:

Five-membered C,C-pallada(II)cycles are a unique class of diorganopalladium species with favorable stability and an electron-rich nature, leading to efficient sequential reactions with diverse electrophiles and nucleophiles. Specifically, the development of aryl-alkenyl-palladacycle-based transformations could provide an attractive approach with regio- and stereocontrol for the construction of multifunctionalized arylethylenes. However, currently, the C,C-pallada(II)cycle formation relies on a rigid skeleton or steric congestion in the backbone to promote cyclopalladation, and the formation of aryl-alkenyl-palladacycle without an α-substituent has not been achieved. Furthermore, reactions that could discriminate between the two sp² carbon centers of such C(sp²),C(sp²)-palladacycle remain elusive. Herein, a regioselective three-component tandem alkylation/coupling reaction applicable for a variety of non-, α-, or β-substituted and α,β-disubstituted ortho-iodophenylethylenes is reported. Electron-rich 2-pyridone ligands are employed to enable the cyclopalladation process leading to aryl-alkenyl-palladacycle intermediates, of which the two C-Pd bonds are discriminated toward alkylation by their inherent steric and electronic differences. Good linear free-energy relationships between regio-/chemoselectivities and Hammett σ values are observed In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,6-Dimethyl-2-pyridinamine (cas: 823-61-0Application of 823-61-0).

3,6-Dimethyl-2-pyridinamine (cas: 823-61-0) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a conjugated system of six π electrons that are delocalized over the ring. The molecule is planar and, thus, follows the Hückel criteria for aromatic systems. Many analogues of pyridine are known where N is replaced by other heteroatoms . Substitution of one C–H in pyridine with a second N gives rise to the diazine heterocycles (C4H4N2), with the names pyridazine, pyrimidine, and pyrazine.Application of 823-61-0

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Peat burning – An important source of pyridines in the earth atmosphere was written by Kosyakov, Dmitry S.;Ul’yanovskii, Nikolay V.;Latkin, Tomas B.;Pokryshkin, Sergey A.;Berzhonskis, Valeria R.;Polyakova, Olga V.;Lebedev, Albert T.. And the article was included in Environmental Pollution (Oxford, United Kingdom) in 2020.Related Products of 626-64-2 This article mentions the following:

Studies of the chem. composition of atm. aerosols, rain water and snow in various regions of the globe quite often show the presence of pyridine and a number of its low mass derivatives Nevertheless, the sources of those compounds in the environment have not yet been established and definitely require elucidation, supported by reliable exptl. results. In the present work the chem. composition of peat combustion products as one of the important sources of atm. aerosol emission is studied by two-dimensional gas chromatog. – high-resolution mass spectrometry with a focus on the detection of pyridine derivatives Twenty-five compounds of this class were reliably identified and quantified in laboratory experiments on peat burning. Among them 3-hydroxypyridine predominates, while the rest analytes are mostly represented by alkyl derivatives: pyridine, 2-methylpyridine, 3-methylpyridine, 2,5-dimethylpyridine, 2,6-dimethylpyridine, 2-ethylpyridine, lutidines (in order of decreasing concentration). The experiments on peat thermal decomposition by pyrolysis GC-MS demonstrated that the maximum concentrations as well as the number of detected analytes were found under conditions of oxygen lack and a temperature of about 500°C, i.e. characteristic conditions of peat wildfires. The observed levels of pyridines’ emission recalculated on the peat dry weight exceeded 200 mg kg^-1. The obtained results allow concluding that peat burning may be the major and still underestimated source of pyridine and lower alkylpyridines in the Earth atm. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyridin-4-ol (cas: 626-64-2Related Products of 626-64-2).

Pyridin-4-ol (cas: 626-64-2) belongs to pyridine derivatives. In contrast to benzene, Pyridine’s electron density is not evenly distributed over the ring, reflecting the negative inductive effect of the nitrogen atom. Halopyridines are particularly attractive synthetic building blocks in a variety of cross-coupling methods, including the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction.Related Products of 626-64-2

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Mesoporous Mn-doped hydroxyapatite nanorods obtained via pyridinium chloride enabled microwave-assisted synthesis by utilizing Donax variabilis seashells for implant applications was written by Karunakaran, Gopalu;Cho, Eun-Bum;Thirumurugan, Keerthanaa;Kumar, Govindan Suresh;Kolesnikov, Evgeny;Boobalan, Selvakumar;Janarthanan, Gopinathan;Pillai, Mamatha Muraleedharan;Rajendran, Selvakumar. And the article was included in Materials Science & Engineering, C: Materials for Biological Applications in 2021.Name: Pyridinehydrochloride This article mentions the following:

Manganese-doped mesoporous hydroxyapatite (MnHAp) nanorods, a bio-apatite were synthesized via pyridinium chloride mediated microwave approach using bio-waste Donax variabilis seashells to treat orthopedic infections. This is the first report on using pyridinium chloride mediated mesoporous MnHAp nanorods synthesis. Pure and Mn doped HAp samples were examined using Raman spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR) studies to confirm the prepared HAp nanorods. Furthermore, the fabrication of manganese-doped HAp was successful with the formation of a hexagonal crystal lattice without disturbing the HAp phase. It is because, at the time of synthesis, PO₄^3- ions form an electrostatic interaction with the Mn ions. Furthermore, Mn-doped HAp samples showed a reduction in their sizes of 15, 10-15, 5-10 nm width, and 80-100, 10-15, 20-30 nm length with varied pore diameters and surface area. The pure HAp, MnHAp-1, MnHAp-2, and MnHAp-3 nanorods disclose the surface area of 39.4, 18.0, 49.2, and 80.4 m² g^-1, with a pore volume of 0.0102, 0.0047, 0.0143, and 0.0447 cm³ g^-1, the corresponding pore diameter was estimated to be 6, 7, 6, and 4 nm, resp. Moreover, antibacterial activity reveals effective bactericidal action against infections causing pathogens whereas cytotoxicity examination (MTT assay), and zebrafish results reveal their non-toxic behavior. Therefore, it is evident from the study, that rapid fabrication of mesoporous and diverse structured MnHAp nanorods could be convenient with pyridinium chloride enabled microwave-assisted method as a bactericidal biomaterial for implant applications. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyridinehydrochloride (cas: 628-13-7Name: Pyridinehydrochloride).

Pyridinehydrochloride (cas: 628-13-7) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine’s the lone pair does not contribute to the aromatic system but importantly influences the chemical properties of pyridine, as it easily supports bond formation via an electrophilic attack. Many analogues of pyridine are known where N is replaced by other heteroatoms . Substitution of one C–H in pyridine with a second N gives rise to the diazine heterocycles (C4H4N2), with the names pyridazine, pyrimidine, and pyrazine.Name: Pyridinehydrochloride

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Mechanism of the electrophilic substitution of heteroaromatic compounds. X. Acid-catalyzed hydrogen exchange at the α-, β-, and γ-positions of substituted pyridine 1-oxides was written by Bean, Gerritt P.;Brignell, Peter J.;Johnson, Colin David;Katritzky, Alan R.;Ridgewell, Brian J.;Tarhan, H. O.;White, Anthony Mallinson. And the article was included in Journal of the Chemical Society [Section] B: Physical Organic in 1967.Safety of 3,5-Dimethylpyridine 1-oxide This article mentions the following:

H exchange reactions on 2,4,6-trimethyl- and 2,6-dimethylpyridine 1-oxide in the 3-position proceed on the conjugate acids. H exchange of 3,5-dimethylpyridine 1-oxide by contrast proceeds on the free base in the 2-, 4-, and 6-positions, while 3-hydroxypyridine 1-oxide also reacts on the free base, in the 2-position. For 3,5-dimethoxypyridine 1-oxide (I), changeover from 2- and 6-position exchange on the free base to exchange at the same positions on the conjugate acid is observed with increasing acidity. The orientations of acid-catalyzed H exchange and nitration in pyridine 1-oxides are compared and discussed. 20 references. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,5-Dimethylpyridine 1-oxide (cas: 3718-65-8Safety of 3,5-Dimethylpyridine 1-oxide).

3,5-Dimethylpyridine 1-oxide (cas: 3718-65-8) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridines are an important class of heterocycles and occur in polysubstituted forms in many naturally occurring biologically active compounds, drug molecules and chiral ligands. Several pyridine derivatives play important roles in biological systems. While its biosynthesis is not fully understood, nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) occurs in some bacteria, fungi, and mammals.Safety of 3,5-Dimethylpyridine 1-oxide

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Endogenous bioethanol production by solid-state prefermentation for enhanced crude bio-oil recovery through integrated hydrothermal liquefaction of seaweeds was written by El-Hefnawy, Mohamed E.;Alhayyani, Sultan;El-Sherbiny, Mohsen M.;Abomohra, Abd El-Fatah;Al-Harbi, Mamdouh. And the article was included in Journal of Cleaner Production in 2022.Recommanded Product: 626-64-2 This article mentions the following:

The present study evaluated the action of endogenous bioethanol produced during solid-state fermentation of Ulva spp. on subsequent hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). HTL of raw biomass (RB) was compared with HTL of the fermented biomass after bioethanol separation (F-Aqua) and HTL of the whole fermentation broth containing the bioethanol (F-Eth). Optimization of fermentation conditions increased the ethanol yield efficiency (Y_eff) and specific ethanol yield (SEY) from 23.55% and 0.120 g g^-1 sugar consumed to 43.97% and 0.224 g g^-1 sugar consumed, resp. TGA and FTIR anal. confirmed noticeable changes in the thermal profile and functional groups of the fermented residue with increased volatiles and lower ash content. Among different HTL treatments, F-Eth showed the highest bio-oil yield of 24.96% at 250°C, which was 37.7% and 39.0% higher than that of RB and F-Aqua, resp. In addition, hydrocarbons and esters in the bio-oil represented the dominant compounds in F-Aqua and F-Eth, altogether 28.28% and 68.58%, resp., compared to 17.96% in RB. Economic anal. for a proposed 100 ton year^-1 plant confirmed that HTL of the whole fermentation broth containing endogenous bioethanol enhanced the gross energy output to 8.152 GJ ton^-1, which represented 4.2-time, 51.1%, and 23.3% higher than individual bioethanol production, individual bio-oil production, and sequential bioethanol/bio-oil recovery, with the highest net annual profit of 29553 US$ compared to 23391 US$ for the sequential production In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyridin-4-ol (cas: 626-64-2Recommanded Product: 626-64-2).

Pyridin-4-ol (cas: 626-64-2) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The pyridine ring occurs in many important compounds, including agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and vitamins. Halopyridines are particularly attractive synthetic building blocks in a variety of cross-coupling methods, including the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction.Recommanded Product: 626-64-2

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Switch-on diketopyrrolopyrrole-based chemosensors for cations possessing Lewis acid character was written by Kumar, G. Dinesh;Banasiewicz, Marzena;Jacquemin, Denis;Gryko, Daniel T.. And the article was included in Chemistry – An Asian Journal in 2021.Category: pyridine-derivatives This article mentions the following:

For the first time diketopyrrolopyrroles (DPPs) have been synthesized directly from nitriles possessing (aza)crown ethers leading to macrocycle-dye hybrids. Depending on the nature of the linkage between DPP and macrocyclic ring, various coordination effects are found. The strong interaction of the cations possessing Lewis acid character such as Li⁺, Mg²⁺ and Zn²⁺ with 2-aminopyridin-4-yl-DPPs, leading to a bathochromic shift of both emission and absorption, as well as to strong enhancement of fluorescence was rationalized in terms of strong binding of these cations to the N=C-NR₂ functionality. The same effect has been observed for protonation. Depending on the size and the structure of the macrocyclic ring the complexation of cations by aza-crown ethers plays an important but secondary role. The interaction of Na⁺ and K⁺ with 2-aminopyridin-4-yl-DPPs leads to moderate enhancement of fluorescence due to the aza-crown ethers binding. The very weak fluorescence of DPP bearing 2-dialkylamino-pyridine-4-yl substituents is due to the closely lying T₂ state and the resulting intersystem crossing. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Fluoroisonicotinonitrile (cas: 3939-14-8Category: pyridine-derivatives).

2-Fluoroisonicotinonitrile (cas: 3939-14-8) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine’s the lone pair does not contribute to the aromatic system but importantly influences the chemical properties of pyridine, as it easily supports bond formation via an electrophilic attack. Pyridine, its benzo and pyridine-based compounds play diverse roles in organic chemistry. Pyridine-based materials are valued for their optical and physical properties as well as their medical potential. Category: pyridine-derivatives

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Structural Diversity of Cadmium(II) Coordination Polymers Induced by Tuning the Coordination Sites of Isomeric Ligands was written by Liu, Bo;Zhou, Hui-Fang;Hou, Lei;Wang, Jian-Ping;Wang, Yao-Yu;Zhu, Zhonghua. And the article was included in Inorganic Chemistry in 2016.Reference of 89978-52-9 This article mentions the following:

When the coordination sites of ligands were shifted, the solvothermal reactions of four positional isomeric asym. phenylpyridine-dicarboxylic acids with Cd(NO₃)₂ generated four new coordination polymers, [Cd(L1)(DMF)₃]·DMF·H₂O (1), [H₂NMe₂]₂[Cd(L2)₂]·3DMF·H₂O (2), [Cd(L3)(H₂O)₂] (3), and [Cd(L4)]·1.5DMF (4), where H₂L1 = 2-(3′-carboxylphenyl)isonicotinic acid, H₂L2 = 2-(4′-carboxylphenyl)isonicotinic acid, H₂L3 = 5-(3′-carboxylphenyl)nicotic acid, and H₂L4 = 2-(3′-pyridyl)terephthalic acid. 1 Shows a rare 2D fabric structure. 2 Discloses a grid-layer structure with heterochiral helical chains and in which three sets of layers stack in different directions, affording an unprecedented 2D + 2D + 2D → 3D polycatenating framework with 3D intersecting porous systems. 3 Also displays a 2D layer possessing strong intralayer π···π interactions and interlayer H bonds. 4 Contains a rare Cd₂(COO)₄ paddle-wheel unit and forms a 3D framework with 1D open channels. The carboxyl and pyridyl groups of the positional isomeric H₂L1-H₂L4 ligands show distinct bridging fashions, which gives versatile architectures of 1–4, and their effects on the crystal structures are discussed. 1–4 Reveal solid-state photoluminescence stemming from intraligand charge transfer. 2 And 4 show high selectivity for CO₂ over CH₄, but with different CO₂ adsorption enthalpies. Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations identified the multiple adsorption sites in 2 for CO₂. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-bromoisonicotinate (cas: 89978-52-9Reference of 89978-52-9).

Ethyl 2-bromoisonicotinate (cas: 89978-52-9) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine is diamagnetic and has a diamagnetic susceptibility of −48.7 × 10−6 cm3·mol−1.The molecular electric dipole moment is 2.2 debyes. The standard enthalpy of formation is 100.2 kJ·mol−1 in the liquid phase and 140.4 kJ·mol−1 in the gas phase. One of the examples of pyridines is the well-known alkaloid lithoprimidine, which is an A3 adenosine receptor antagonist and N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) analog, commonly used in organic synthesis.Reference of 89978-52-9

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

[2+2] Halogen-bonded boxes employing azobenzenes was written by Nieland, Esther;Topornicki, Thomas;Kunde, Tom;Schmidt, Bernd M.. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2019.Safety of 3,5-Dimethylpyridine 1-oxide This article mentions the following:

Herein, we report the synthesis and crystal structures of three [2+2] supramol. boxes assembled by halogen bonding [e.g., I₂.II₂]. The discrete, two-dimensional boxes with a length of 25-30 Å are based on rigid u-shaped halogen acceptors paired with highly fluorinated, azobenzenes bearing halogen bond donors. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,5-Dimethylpyridine 1-oxide (cas: 3718-65-8Safety of 3,5-Dimethylpyridine 1-oxide).

3,5-Dimethylpyridine 1-oxide (cas: 3718-65-8) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a dipole moment and a weaker resonant stabilization than benzene (resonance energy 117 kJ·mol−1 in pyridine vs. 150 kJ·mol−1 in benzene). Pyridine derivatives are also useful as small-molecule α-helix mimetics that inhibit protein-protein interactions, as well as functionally selective GABA ligands.Safety of 3,5-Dimethylpyridine 1-oxide

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Two-step synthesis of 3-aryl-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-ones was written by Scott, Jeremy P.. And the article was included in Synlett in 2006.Safety of (2-Chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester This article mentions the following:

One-pot tandem palladium-catalyzed amination and intramol. amidation of tert-Bu (2-chloropyridin-3-yl)carbamate with substituted primary anilines allows for the preparation of 3-arylated 1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-ones (49-90% yield) in two steps from com. available materials. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2-Chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (cas: 209798-48-1Safety of (2-Chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester).

(2-Chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (cas: 209798-48-1) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a conjugated system of six π electrons that are delocalized over the ring. The molecule is planar and, thus, follows the Hückel criteria for aromatic systems. Many analogues of pyridine are known where N is replaced by other heteroatoms . Substitution of one C–H in pyridine with a second N gives rise to the diazine heterocycles (C4H4N2), with the names pyridazine, pyrimidine, and pyrazine.Safety of (2-Chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem