Month: January 2023

Cobalt-Catalyzed Direct C(sp²)-H Alkylation with Unactivated Alkenes was written by Kim, Ye Lim;Park, Sun-a;Kim, Ju Hyun. And the article was included in European Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2020.Quality Control of 2-(m-Tolyl)pyridine This article mentions the following:

A facile and efficient method for Cp*Co^III-catalyzed C(sp²)-H bond alkylation was developed using 2-aryl pyridines and unactivated alkenes. The reaction proceeded atom-economically with readily available styrene derivatives and an abundant cobalt catalyst. This reaction tolerates a broad range of functional groups, directing groups, styrenes and affords mono-diarylethane products with high linear selectivity. To demonstrate the synthetic utility and the potential application in organic synthesis, a gram-scale reaction and further C-H bond functionalizations of the mono-alkylated product were performed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(m-Tolyl)pyridine (cas: 4373-61-9Quality Control of 2-(m-Tolyl)pyridine).

2-(m-Tolyl)pyridine (cas: 4373-61-9) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a dipole moment and a weaker resonant stabilization than benzene (resonance energy 117 kJ·mol−1 in pyridine vs. 150 kJ·mol−1 in benzene). Many analogues of pyridine are known where N is replaced by other heteroatoms . Substitution of one C–H in pyridine with a second N gives rise to the diazine heterocycles (C4H4N2), with the names pyridazine, pyrimidine, and pyrazine.Quality Control of 2-(m-Tolyl)pyridine

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Chelation-Assisted Copper-Mediated Direct Acetylamination of 2-Arylpyridine C-H Bonds with Cyanate Salts was written by Kianmehr, Ebrahim;Amiri Lomedasht, Yousef;Faghih, Nasser;Khan, Khalid Mohammed. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2016.Safety of 2-Bromo-4-phenylpyridine This article mentions the following:

In this study, the coupling of 2-phenylpyridine derivatives and potassium cyanate through C-H bond functionalization in the presence of a copper salt is developed for the first time. By this protocol, various heteroarylated acetanilide derivatives are synthesized in good yields. 2-Phenylpyridines containing electron-donating and -withdrawing groups appear to be well-tolerated by this transformation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Bromo-4-phenylpyridine (cas: 54151-74-5Safety of 2-Bromo-4-phenylpyridine).

2-Bromo-4-phenylpyridine (cas: 54151-74-5) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridines are an important class of heterocycles and occur in polysubstituted forms in many naturally occurring biologically active compounds, drug molecules and chiral ligands. Pyridine, its benzo and pyridine-based compounds play diverse roles in organic chemistry. Pyridine-based materials are valued for their optical and physical properties as well as their medical potential. Safety of 2-Bromo-4-phenylpyridine

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Deoxybenzoin-containing polysulfones and polysulfoxides: Synthesis and thermal properties was written by Mir, Aabid A.;Wagner, Sebastian;Kramer, Roland H.;Deglmann, Peter;Emrick, Todd. And the article was included in Polymer in 2016.Name: Pyridinehydrochloride This article mentions the following:

Novel poly(arylene ether) sulfones, sulfoxides, and sulfides containing deoxybenzoin subunits were synthesized by step growth polymerization involving bishydroxydeoxybenzoin (BHDB) and the corresponding sulfur-containing monomers. The isolated polymers demonstrated good solubility in organic solvents, making them easily processible into transparent, flexible, and creasable films upon solution casting. All of the polymers prepared exhibited exceptionally low flammability characteristics, with total heat release (THR) values as low as 6 J/g-K, and char yield values as high as 54%. Inclusion of deoxybenzoin monomers into polysulfones with 4,4′-biphenyl led to heat release capacity (HRC) values less than half that of com. polysulfones in use today, placing deoxybenzoin-based polysulfones and polysulfoxides into the ultra-low flammability category. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyridinehydrochloride (cas: 628-13-7Name: Pyridinehydrochloride).

Pyridinehydrochloride (cas: 628-13-7) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridines are an important class of heterocycles and occur in polysubstituted forms in many naturally occurring biologically active compounds, drug molecules and chiral ligands. Pyridine groups exist in countless molecules, and their applications include catalysis, drug design, molecular recognition, and natural product synthesis.Name: Pyridinehydrochloride

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

A universal bipolar host based on isonicotinonitrile and carbazole for efficient red, green and blue PhOLEDs was written by Zhou, Haitao;Wang, Guoliang;Guo, Shiyan;Jin, Xin;Luo, Xin;Miao, Yanqin;Huang, Jinhai;Wang, Hua;Su, Jianhua. And the article was included in New Journal of Chemistry in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 2,6-Dibromoisonicotinonitrile This article mentions the following:

Full color display is vital to organic lighting-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and universal hosts for all red, green and blue (RGB) OLEDs are strongly desired. A universal bipolar host, 2,6-bis(3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)isonicotinonitrile (BCz3PhCN), was synthesized by simply incorporating carbazole and isonicotinonitrile units. BCz3PhCN exhibits excellent thermal stability and a high triplet energy level (E_T) of 2.76 eV; therefore, all RGB devices were fabricated to evaluate their electroluminescent (EL) performance. The blue device hosted by BCz3PhCN was lit at 3.0 V with the maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE_max) of 16.22%. Green PhOLEDs exhibited a better performance with the maximum luminance (L_max) of 1 21,900 cd m^-2, maximum current efficiency (η_c,max) of 69.30 cd A^-1, maximum power efficiency (η_p,max) of 64.88 lm W^-1 and EQE_max of 20.04%. Remarkably, the highest EQE_max of 26.84% was achieved by the red device in the low luminance range. The above excellent EL performance for all BCz3PhCN-based blue, green and red devices indicates a huge potential for BCz3PhCN as a universal host in developing high-performance monochrome and white OLEDs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,6-Dibromoisonicotinonitrile (cas: 408352-58-9Application In Synthesis of 2,6-Dibromoisonicotinonitrile).

2,6-Dibromoisonicotinonitrile (cas: 408352-58-9) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine is diamagnetic and has a diamagnetic susceptibility of −48.7 × 10−6 cm3·mol−1.The molecular electric dipole moment is 2.2 debyes. The standard enthalpy of formation is 100.2 kJ·mol−1 in the liquid phase and 140.4 kJ·mol−1 in the gas phase. Pyridine, its benzo and pyridine-based compounds play diverse roles in organic chemistry. Pyridine-based materials are valued for their optical and physical properties as well as their medical potential. Application In Synthesis of 2,6-Dibromoisonicotinonitrile

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

NHPI and palladium cocatalyzed aerobic oxidative acylation of arenes through a radical process was written by Liang, Yu-Feng;Wang, Xiaoyang;Tang, Conghui;Shen, Tao;Liu, Jianzhong;Jiao, Ning. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2016.COA of Formula: C11H9NO This article mentions the following:

The NHPI and palladium cocatalyzed radical oxidative acylation of arenes with aldehydes and alcs. as acyl equivalent via selective carbon hydrogen bond (C-H bond) functionalization has been described. Mol. oxygen, the most environmentally friendly oxidant, was used as the terminal oxidant in this catalytic cycle (green chem. method). The synthesis of the target compounds was achieved using palladium(II) acetate and 2-hydroxy-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione [i.e., N-(hydroxy)phthalimide, NHPI] as catalyst combination. Starting materials included benzaldehyde derivatives and oxime ethers, such as 1-(phenyl)ethanone O-(methyl)oxime [i.e., acetophenone oxime Me ether], di-Ph methanone O-(methyl)oxime, 4H-1-benzopyran-4-one O-(methyl)oxime, 1-phenyl-1-propanone O-(methyl)oxime, 1-phenyl-1-heptanone O-(methyl)oxime. Arene reactants included benzo[h]quinoline, 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole, 2-(phenyl)pyridine, 2-(phenoxy)pyridine, 9-(1-methylethyl)-6-phenyl-9H-purine, 1,2-diphenyldiazene (azobenzene), N-(phenyl)acetamide. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Phenoxypyridine (cas: 4783-68-0COA of Formula: C11H9NO).

2-Phenoxypyridine (cas: 4783-68-0) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The ring atoms in the pyridine molecule are sp2-hybridized. The nitrogen is involved in the π-bonding aromatic system using its unhybridized p orbital. The lone pair is in an sp2 orbital, projecting outward from the ring in the same plane as the σ bonds. Halopyridines are particularly attractive synthetic building blocks in a variety of cross-coupling methods, including the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction.COA of Formula: C11H9NO

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Lumped-kinetic modeling and experiments on co-pyrolysis of palm kernel cake with polystyrene using a closed-tubing reactor to upgrade pyrolysis products was written by Vo, Thuan Anh;Ly, Hoang Vu;Tran, Quoc Khanh;Kwon, Byeongwan;Kim, Seung-Soo;Kim, Jinsoo. And the article was included in Energy Conversion and Management in 2021.Electric Literature of C7H10N2 This article mentions the following:

Lumped-kinetic modeling and experiments (with validation) were performed on palm kernel cake/polystyrene (PKC/PS) blend co-pyrolysis in a closed-tubing reactor. The lsqcurvefit function and ode solver defined in the Matlab software were properly applied to predict the profile of product yields and to determine exactly the kinetic parameters of the reactions involved in PKC/PS blend co-pyrolysis. The different iso-conversional methods based on thermogravimetric anal. were used to calculate the activation energy needed for thermal decomposition of PKC, PS, and the PKC/PS blend. A synergistic effect existed in the blend of PKC/PS (with 20 wt% PS) because its activation energy was lower than that of the individual materials. The co-pyrolysis not only improved the quantity but also the quality of the bio-oil product, providing a high proportion of aromatic hydrocarbons. The O and N contents of the bio-oil were reduced during co-pyrolysis via the hydrodeoxygenation and hydrodenitrogenation reactions. The highest heating value of the oil was 34.17 MJ/kg obtained in co-pyrolysis of PKC/PS at 773 K for 12 min. The co-pyrolysis increased the selectivity of H₂ and hydrocarbon gases, and decreased the CO_x content. The biochar with high heating value and inorganic compounds content, and having a porous structure, can act as a catalyst and can be used as a solid fuel. This approach provides an efficient method for upgrading comprehensively the pyrolysis products using PS as the H₂-donor source. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,6-Dimethyl-2-pyridinamine (cas: 823-61-0Electric Literature of C7H10N2).

3,6-Dimethyl-2-pyridinamine (cas: 823-61-0) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine is diamagnetic and has a diamagnetic susceptibility of −48.7 × 10−6 cm3·mol−1.The molecular electric dipole moment is 2.2 debyes. The standard enthalpy of formation is 100.2 kJ·mol−1 in the liquid phase and 140.4 kJ·mol−1 in the gas phase. Pyridine derivatives are also useful as small-molecule α-helix mimetics that inhibit protein-protein interactions, as well as functionally selective GABA ligands.Electric Literature of C7H10N2

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Pyridine as novel substrate for regioselective oxygenation with aromatic peroxygenase from Agrocybe aegerita was written by Ullrich, Rene;Dolge, Christoph;Kluge, Martin;Hofrichter, Martin. And the article was included in FEBS Letters in 2008.Computed Properties of C7H9NO This article mentions the following:

Agrocybe aegerita peroxidase (AaP) is a versatile extracellular biocatalyst that can oxygenate aromatic compounds Here, we report on the selective oxidation of pyridine (PY) yielding pyridine N-oxide as sole product. Using H₂ ¹⁸O₂ as co-substrate, the origin of oxygen was confirmed to be the peroxide. Therefore, AaP can be regarded as a true peroxygenase transferring one oxygen atom from peroxide to the substrate. To our best knowledge, there are only two types of enzymes oxidizing PY at the nitrogen: bacterial methane monooxygenase and a few P 450 monooxygenases. AaP is the first extracellular enzyme and the first peroxidase that catalyzes this reaction, and it converted also substituted PYs into the corresponding N-oxides. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,5-Dimethylpyridine 1-oxide (cas: 3718-65-8Computed Properties of C7H9NO).

3,5-Dimethylpyridine 1-oxide (cas: 3718-65-8) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The pyridine ring occurs in many important compounds, including agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and vitamins. Pyridine, its benzo and pyridine-based compounds play diverse roles in organic chemistry. Pyridine-based materials are valued for their optical and physical properties as well as their medical potential. Computed Properties of C7H9NO

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Porous organic polymer-supported manganese catalysts with tunable wettability for efficient oxidation of secondary alcohols was written by Wang, Bingyang;Lin, Jin;Xia, Chungu;Sun, Wei. And the article was included in Journal of Catalysis in 2022.Product Details of 91-02-1 This article mentions the following:

Porous organic polymers (POPs) feature high surface areas, tunable components, and designable hierarchical pores, thus showing versatile applications including catalysis, separation, gas storage and so on. However, the inherently hydrophobic property may be unfavorable for the catalytic reaction that involves hydrophilic reactants. By using the hydrophilic principle of the amide bond, R-NH-CO-R can be constructed in the porous frameworks to regulate the wettability. Herein, we report the construction of an amphiphilic and hierarchical porous Mn-N4 catalyst via the solvothermal copolymerization, in which N,N-methylenebisacrylamide is used as a hydrophilic monomer. This POP-based manganese catalyst can effectively promote the oxidation of secondary alc. to produce the ketone using aqueous hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant under mild conditions. Note that this amphiphilic catalyst displays high catalytic activity as its homogeneous counterpart in the selective oxidation of alcs. The present work has provided a successful approach for improving the catalytic activity by tuning the wettability of POP-based heterogeneous catalysts. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methanone (cas: 91-02-1Product Details of 91-02-1).

Phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methanone (cas: 91-02-1) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine is diamagnetic and has a diamagnetic susceptibility of −48.7 × 10−6 cm3·mol−1.The molecular electric dipole moment is 2.2 debyes. The standard enthalpy of formation is 100.2 kJ·mol−1 in the liquid phase and 140.4 kJ·mol−1 in the gas phase. Halopyridines are particularly attractive synthetic building blocks in a variety of cross-coupling methods, including the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction.Product Details of 91-02-1

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Synthesis of Primary and Secondary Alkylboronates through Site-Selective C(sp³)-H Activation with Silica-Supported Monophosphine-Ir Catalysts was written by Kawamorita, Soichiro;Murakami, Ryo;Iwai, Tomohiro;Sawamura, Masaya. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2013.Electric Literature of C8H11N This article mentions the following:

The site-selective activation and borylation of unactivated C(sp³)-H bonds in 2-alkylpyridines to form primary and secondary alkylboronates was achieved using silica-supported monophosphine-Ir catalysts. This borylation occurs selectively at C-H bonds located γ to the pyridine nitrogen atom. The site-selectivity of this reaction suggests that the C-H bond cleavage occurs with the assistance of a proximity effect due to N-to-Ir coordination. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Isopropylpyridine (cas: 644-98-4Electric Literature of C8H11N).

2-Isopropylpyridine (cas: 644-98-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine’s the lone pair does not contribute to the aromatic system but importantly influences the chemical properties of pyridine, as it easily supports bond formation via an electrophilic attack. Many analogues of pyridine are known where N is replaced by other heteroatoms . Substitution of one C–H in pyridine with a second N gives rise to the diazine heterocycles (C4H4N2), with the names pyridazine, pyrimidine, and pyrazine.Electric Literature of C8H11N

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Synthetic methods and reactions; 87. Deoxygenation of pyridine N-oxides with trimethyl(ethyl)amine-sulfur dioxide complexes was written by Olah, George A.;Arvanaghi, Massoud;Vankar, Yashwant D.. And the article was included in Synthesis in 1980.Product Details of 24103-75-1 This article mentions the following:

Pyridine N-oxides I (R = H, Me; R¹ = H, 3-Me, 4-Me, 6-Me, 5-Et, 4-MeO, 3-Cl,) were deoxygenated by R²₃N.SO₂ (R² = Me, Et) to give the corresponding pyridines in 60-81% yield. I (R¹ = 4-NO₂) underwent little reaction. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Methoxy-2-methylpyridine (cas: 24103-75-1Product Details of 24103-75-1).

4-Methoxy-2-methylpyridine (cas: 24103-75-1) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine’s the lone pair does not contribute to the aromatic system but importantly influences the chemical properties of pyridine, as it easily supports bond formation via an electrophilic attack. Many analogues of pyridine are known where N is replaced by other heteroatoms . Substitution of one C–H in pyridine with a second N gives rise to the diazine heterocycles (C4H4N2), with the names pyridazine, pyrimidine, and pyrazine.Product Details of 24103-75-1

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem