Month: January 2023

Hydrothermal synthesis, characterization and crystal structure of a three-dimensional (3D) Zn^II supramolecular compound with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ligand and 4-(carboxylate)pyridinium guests was written by Du, Miao;Guo, Jian-Hua;Zhao, Xiao-Jun. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Structure in 2004.Synthetic Route of C12H8N4O This article mentions the following:

A new supramol. compound [Zn(H₂EDTA)(H₂O)](Q)₂(H₂O)₂ (1), where H₄EDTA = EDTA and Q = 4-(carboxylate)pyridinium, was prepared by mild hydrothermal reaction and characterized by elemental anal., IR spectrum and TGA. Single-crystal x-ray diffraction of 1 [monoclinic, space group C2/c, a 11.310(4), b 9.704(4), c 23.798(10) Å, β 97.401(10)°, Z = 4] revealed that the Zn^II ion coordinates to the chelating tetradentate ligand H₂EDTA and a H₂O mol., taking a distorted trigonal-bipyramid geometry. The mononuclear [Zn(H₂EDTA)(H₂O)] subunits are linked to form two-dimensional layered architectures by the lattice H₂O moieties through O-H···O H bonds, which are further extended to a three-dimensional (3D) supramol. network by 4-(carboxylate)pyridinium guests (resulting from the ring-opening hydrolysis of 2,5-bis(4-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole) through extensive H-bonding interactions. The 3-dimensional supramol. framework is also stabilized by significant face-to-face π-π stacking interactions between the aromatic pyridinium systems. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5-Di(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (cas: 15420-02-7Synthetic Route of C12H8N4O).

2,5-Di(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (cas: 15420-02-7) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridines are an important class of heterocycles and occur in polysubstituted forms in many naturally occurring biologically active compounds, drug molecules and chiral ligands. One of the examples of pyridines is the well-known alkaloid lithoprimidine, which is an A3 adenosine receptor antagonist and N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) analog, commonly used in organic synthesis.Synthetic Route of C12H8N4O

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

1:1 Cocrystal of naphthalene-2,7-diol and 2,5-di-4-pyridyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole was written by Wang, Yong Tao;Tang, Gui Mei. And the article was included in Acta Crystallographica, Section E: Structure Reports Online in 2006.Related Products of 15420-02-7 This article mentions the following:

Naphthalene-2,7-diol-2,5-di-4-pyridyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole 1:1 cocrystal, C₁₀H₈O₂·C₁₂H₈N₄O, was crystallized from a MeOH and H₂O solvent mixture In the crystal structure, both types of mols. are linked via intermol. O-H···N H bonds, forming 1-dimensional chains along the [101] direction. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5-Di(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (cas: 15420-02-7Related Products of 15420-02-7).

2,5-Di(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (cas: 15420-02-7) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine is diamagnetic and has a diamagnetic susceptibility of âˆ?8.7 × 10âˆ? cm3·molâˆ?.The molecular electric dipole moment is 2.2 debyes. The standard enthalpy of formation is 100.2 kJ·molâˆ? in the liquid phase and 140.4 kJ·molâˆ? in the gas phase. Pyridine groups exist in countless molecules, and their applications include catalysis, drug design, molecular recognition, and natural product synthesis.Related Products of 15420-02-7

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

High Throughput Screening of Transdermal Formulations was written by Karande, Pankaj;Mitragotri, Samir. And the article was included in Pharmaceutical Research in 2002.SDS of cas: 104-73-4 This article mentions the following:

Applications of transdermal drug delivery are limited by low skin permeability. Many chems. have been used to enhance skin permeability, however, only a handful are actually used in practice. Combinations of chems. are likely to be more efficient in enhancing skin permeability compared to individual enhancers. However, identification of efficient enhancer combinations is quite challenging because many chem. enhancers interact with each other and with the skin in a complex manner. In the absence of a fundamental knowledge of such interactions, we need to rely on rapid methods to screen various enhancer combinations for their effectiveness. In this paper, we report a novel high throughput (HTP) method that is at least 50-fold more efficient in terms of skin utilization and up to 30-fold more efficient in terms of holdup times than the current methods for formulation screening (Franz diffusion cells). A high throughput method was developed based on skin conductivity and mannitol penetration into the skin. This method was used to perform at least 100 simultaneous tests per day. Detailed studies were performed using two model enhancers, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and dodecyl pyridinium chloride (DPC). The predictions of the high throughput method were validated using Franz diffusion cells. High throughput screening revealed that mixtures of SLS and DPC are significantly more effective in enhancing transdermal transport compared to each of them alone. Maximum efficiency was observed with near-equimolar mixtures of SLS/DPC. The predictions of the HTP method compared well against those made using Franz diffusion cells. Specifically, the effect of surfactant mixtures on skin conductivity and mannitol permeability measured using Franz cells also showed a maximum at near-equimolar mixtures of SLS/DPC. Thus, the novel HTP method allows rapid screening of enhancer formulations for transdermal applications. This method can be used to discover new and effective enhancer mixtures At the same time, these data may also broaden our understanding of the effect of enhancers on skin permeability. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide (cas: 104-73-4SDS of cas: 104-73-4).

1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide (cas: 104-73-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. In contrast to benzene, Pyridine’s electron density is not evenly distributed over the ring, reflecting the negative inductive effect of the nitrogen atom. Reduced pyridines, namely tetrahydropyridines, dihydropyridines and piperidines, are found in numerous natural and synthetic compounds. The synthesis and reactivity of these compounds have often been driven by the fact many of these compounds have interesting and unique pharmacological properties. SDS of cas: 104-73-4

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Ruthenium-catalyzed C-H allylation of arenes with allylic amines was written by Yan, Rui;Wang, Zhong-Xia. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2018.Synthetic Route of C12H11N This article mentions the following:

The Ru-catalyzed pyridyl-directed C-H allylation of arenes with allylic amines was developed. This reaction was carried out in the presence of 5 mol% of [Ru(p-cymene)Cl₂]₂ and 0.5 equivalent of AgOAc in CF₃CH₂OH at 75°, afforded the allylated products of arenes in moderate to excellent yields. The method exhibited a wide scope of allylic amines and arenes and showed a good compatibility of functional groups. The pyrazolyl- and pyrimidyl-directed C-H allylation of arenes were also performed under the same conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(m-Tolyl)pyridine (cas: 4373-61-9Synthetic Route of C12H11N).

2-(m-Tolyl)pyridine (cas: 4373-61-9) belongs to pyridine derivatives. In contrast to benzene, Pyridine’s electron density is not evenly distributed over the ring, reflecting the negative inductive effect of the nitrogen atom. Halopyridines are particularly attractive synthetic building blocks in a variety of cross-coupling methods, including the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction.Synthetic Route of C12H11N

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Fast Olefin Metathesis at Low Catalyst Loading was written by Peeck, Lars H.;Savka, Roman D.;Plenio, Herbert. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2012.Synthetic Route of C10H17NO2 This article mentions the following:

Reactions of the Grubbs 3rd generation complexes [RuCl₂(NHC)(Ind)(Py)] (N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)=1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenylimidazolin)-2-ylidene (SIMes), 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenylimidazolin)-2-ylidene (SIPr), or 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenylimidazol)-2-ylidene (IPr); Ind = 3-phenylindenylid-1-ene, Py = pyridine) with 2-ethenyl-N-alkylaniline (alkyl = Me, Et) gave the new N-Grubbs-Hoveyda-type complexes 5 (NHC = SIMes, alkyl = Me), 6 (SIMes, Et), 7 (IPr, Me), 8 (SIPr, Me), and 9 (SIPr, Et) with N-chelating benzylidene ligands in yields of 50-75%. Compared to their, resp., conventional, O-Grubbs-Hoveyda complexes, the new complexes were characterized by fast catalyst activation, which translates into fast and efficient ring-closing metathesis (RCM) reactivity. Catalyst loadings of 15-150 ppm (0.0015-0.015 mol %) are sufficient for the conversion of a wide range of diolefinic substrates into the resp. RCM products after 15 min at 50° in toluene; compounds 8 and 9 are the most catalytically active complexes. The use of complex 8 in RCM reactions enables the formation of N-protected 2,5-dihydropyrroles with turnover numbers (TONs) of up to 58,000 and turnover frequencies (TOFs) of up to 232,000 h^-1; the use of the N-protected 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridines proceeds with TONs of up to 37,000 and TOFs of up to 147,000 h^-1; and the use of the N-protected 2,3,6,7-tetrahydroazepines proceeds with TONs of up to 19,000 and TOFs of up to 76,000 h^-1, with yields for these reactions ranging from 83-92%. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, tert-Butyl 5,6-dihydropyridine-1(2H)-carboxylate (cas: 85838-94-4Synthetic Route of C10H17NO2).

tert-Butyl 5,6-dihydropyridine-1(2H)-carboxylate (cas: 85838-94-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine’s the lone pair does not contribute to the aromatic system but importantly influences the chemical properties of pyridine, as it easily supports bond formation via an electrophilic attack. Halopyridines are particularly attractive synthetic building blocks in a variety of cross-coupling methods, including the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction.Synthetic Route of C10H17NO2

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

A New waste-free integrated approach for sapropel processing using supercritical fluid extraction was written by Krivonos, Oksana I.;Belskaya, Olga B.. And the article was included in Journal of Supercritical Fluids in 2020.Formula: C5H5NO This article mentions the following:

An integrated approach to the processing of sapropel with the use of supercritical CO₂ extraction of bioactive substances with carbon dioxide at the first step of the process is discussed. The dependences of the yield and composition of extracts (8-35 MPa, 50°C) and features of sapropel are established. Further carbonization of the solid residue remaining after extraction results in organic-rich products (phenol and its mono, dialkyl and methoxy derivatives, hydrocarbons C14-C22) and carbon-mineral materials with a total pore volume of 0.681-1.211 cm³ g^-1. It was found that the introduction of the initial stage of treatment with supercritical CO₂ allows not only extracting valuable amino acids, but also affects the yield, composition and properties of liquid and solid sapropel transformation products at subsequent stages of heat treatment. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyridin-4-ol (cas: 626-64-2Formula: C5H5NO).

Pyridin-4-ol (cas: 626-64-2) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine is diamagnetic and has a diamagnetic susceptibility of âˆ?8.7 × 10âˆ? cm3·molâˆ?.The molecular electric dipole moment is 2.2 debyes. The standard enthalpy of formation is 100.2 kJ·molâˆ? in the liquid phase and 140.4 kJ·molâˆ? in the gas phase. Halopyridines are particularly attractive synthetic building blocks in a variety of cross-coupling methods, including the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction.Formula: C5H5NO

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

A New Series of Orally Bioavailable Chemokine Receptor 9 (CCR9) Antagonists; Possible Agents for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease was written by Kalindjian, S. Barret;Kadnur, Sanjay V.;Hewson, Christopher A.;Venkateshappa, Chandregowda;Juluri, Suresh;Kristam, Rajendra;Kulkarni, Bheemashankar;Mohammed, Zainuddin;Saxena, Rohit;Viswanadhan, Vellarkad N.;Aiyar, Jayashree;McVey, Donna. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2016.Reference of 76005-99-7 This article mentions the following:

Chemokine receptor 9 (CCR9), a cell surface chemokine receptor which belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor, 7-trans-membrane superfamily, is expressed on lymphocytes in the circulation and is the key chemokine receptor that enables these cells to target the intestine. It has been proposed that CCR9 antagonism represents a means to prevent the aberrant immune response of inflammatory bowel disease in a localized and disease specific manner and one which is accessible to small mol. approaches. One possible reason why clin. studies with vercirnon, a prototype CCR9 antagonist, were not successful may be due to a relatively poor pharmacokinetic (PK) profile for the mol. We wish to describe work aimed at producing new, orally active CCR9 antagonists based on the 1,3-dioxoisoindoline skeleton. This study led to a number of compounds that were potent in the nanomolar range and which, on optimization, resulted in several possible preclin. development candidates with excellent PK properties. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Methoxy-4-methylpyridin-3-amine (cas: 76005-99-7Reference of 76005-99-7).

2-Methoxy-4-methylpyridin-3-amine (cas: 76005-99-7) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a dipole moment and a weaker resonant stabilization than benzene (resonance energy 117 kJ·mol� in pyridine vs. 150 kJ·mol� in benzene). Pyridine groups exist in countless molecules, and their applications include catalysis, drug design, molecular recognition, and natural product synthesis.Reference of 76005-99-7

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Molecular energetics of alkyl substituted pyridine N-oxides was written by Cabral, Joana I. T. A.;Monteiro, Ricardo A. R.;Rocha, Marisa A. A.;Santos, Luis M. N. B. F.;Acree, William E. Jr.;Ribeiro da Silva, Maria D. M. C.. And the article was included in Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry in 2010.Computed Properties of C7H9NO This article mentions the following:

The standard (p° = 0.1 MPa) energies of combustion in oxygen, at T = 298.15 K, for the solid compounds 2-methylpyridine-N-oxide (2-MePyNO), 3-methylpyridine-N-oxide (3-MePyNO), and 3,5-dimethylpyridine-N-oxide (3,5-DMePyNO) were measured by static-bomb calorimetry, from which the resp. standard molar enthalpies of formation in the condensed phase were derived. The standard molar enthalpies of sublimation, at the same temperature, were measured by Calvet microcalorimetry. From the standard molar enthalpy of formation in gaseous phase, the molar dissociation enthalpies of the N-O bonds were derived and compared with values of the dissociation enthalpies of other N-O bonds available for other pyridine-N-oxide derivatives In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,5-Dimethylpyridine 1-oxide (cas: 3718-65-8Computed Properties of C7H9NO).

3,5-Dimethylpyridine 1-oxide (cas: 3718-65-8) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a conjugated system of six π electrons that are delocalized over the ring. The molecule is planar and, thus, follows the Hückel criteria for aromatic systems. Reduced pyridines, namely tetrahydropyridines, dihydropyridines and piperidines, are found in numerous natural and synthetic compounds. The synthesis and reactivity of these compounds have often been driven by the fact many of these compounds have interesting and unique pharmacological properties. Computed Properties of C7H9NO

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Flupirtine and retigabine as templates for ligand-based drug design of K_V7.2/3 activators was written by Surur, Abdrrahman S.;Bock, Christian;Beirow, Kristin;Wurm, Konrad;Schulig, Lukas;Kindermann, Markus K.;Siegmund, Werner;Bednarski, Patrick J.;Link, Andreas. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2019.Synthetic Route of C6H6ClN3O2 This article mentions the following:

Drug induced liver injury (DILI) and tissue discoloration led to the recent discontinuation of the therapeutic use of the closely related drugs flupirtine and retigabine, resp. Experience gained with these drugs strongly suggests that heterotetramer, voltage-gated potassium channels 2 and 3 (K_V7.2/3) are valid targets for effective treatment of pain and epilepsy. Because the adverse effects are not related to the mechanism of action, it appears promising to investigate chem. modifications of these clin. validated, drug-like leads. In the present retro-metabolic drug design study, a series of 43 compounds were synthesized and characterized with regard to K_V7.2/3 opening activity and efficacy. The most active compound I displays excellent potency (EC₅₀ = 4 nM) and efficacy (154%) as a K_V7.2/3 opener. Limited aqueous solubility hampered toxicity testing at concentrations higher than 63 μM, but this concentration was nontoxic to two hepatocellular cell lines (HEP-G2 and TAMH) in culture. The slightly less active but more soluble compound II (EC₅₀ = 11 nM, efficacy 111%) showed an improved toxicity/activity ratio compared to flupirtine by three orders of magnitude and represents an attractive lead structure for the development of safer analgesics and antiepileptics. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Chloro-5-methyl-3-nitropyridin-2-amine (cas: 202217-19-4Synthetic Route of C6H6ClN3O2).

6-Chloro-5-methyl-3-nitropyridin-2-amine (cas: 202217-19-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine is diamagnetic and has a diamagnetic susceptibility of âˆ?8.7 × 10âˆ? cm3·molâˆ?.The molecular electric dipole moment is 2.2 debyes. The standard enthalpy of formation is 100.2 kJ·molâˆ? in the liquid phase and 140.4 kJ·molâˆ? in the gas phase. Pyridine, its benzo and pyridine-based compounds play diverse roles in organic chemistry. Pyridine-based materials are valued for their optical and physical properties as well as their medical potential. Synthetic Route of C6H6ClN3O2

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

A Convenient Esterification of N-Heteroarene Methanols via C-CN Bond Cleavage of Benzoyl Cyanides as Acylating Sources was written by Su, Fangyao;Zhao, Qianrui;Wang, Mengzhuo;Zhao, Mingzhang;Ren, Yihe;Zhu, Binghan;Chen, Haoran;Lai, Miao;Zhao, Mingqin. And the article was included in ChemistrySelect in 2022.Product Details of 131747-45-0 This article mentions the following:

An efficient and straightforward methodol. for the esterification of various N-heteroarene methanols using benzoyl cyanides as acylating sources through a simply mixing conditions has been reported. The acyl groups were in-situ generated via chemoselective C-CN bond cleavage to give the N-heteroarenemethyl esters. This process features in readily accessible starting materials and offers an easy operational procedure, and broad substrate scope with excellent selectivity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Bromopyridin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 131747-45-0Product Details of 131747-45-0).

(4-Bromopyridin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 131747-45-0) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a dipole moment and a weaker resonant stabilization than benzene (resonance energy 117 kJ·molâˆ? in pyridine vs. 150 kJ·molâˆ? in benzene). Many analogues of pyridine are known where N is replaced by other heteroatoms . Substitution of one C–H in pyridine with a second N gives rise to the diazine heterocycles (C4H4N2), with the names pyridazine, pyrimidine, and pyrazine.Product Details of 131747-45-0

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem