Month: January 2023

Superactivity induced by micellar systems as the key for boosting the yield of enzymatic reactions was written by Sintra, Tania E.;Ventura, Sonia P. M.;Coutinho, Joao A. P.. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic in 2014.Electric Literature of C17H30BrN This article mentions the following:

The superactivity phenomenon is a concept that expresses a significant increase on the enzymic activity by common surfactants or ionic liquids emulsions. In this context, this work presents an overview of the literature on this subject, focused on the type, and characteristics of the surfactants and ILs reported in literature as superactivity inductors and the enzymes and reactions hitherto investigated in the superactivity context. It intends to emphasize the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach to this subject bringing together scientific communities of different fields to foster the understanding of this phenomenon, and to identify the type of reactions and processes that could and should be improved by it, having into account its potential application at industrial level. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide (cas: 104-73-4Electric Literature of C17H30BrN).

1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide (cas: 104-73-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The pyridine ring occurs in many important compounds, including agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and vitamins. Pyridine, its benzo and pyridine-based compounds play diverse roles in organic chemistry. Pyridine-based materials are valued for their optical and physical properties as well as their medical potential. Electric Literature of C17H30BrN

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Transformation of Sulfonates via S-O Bond Cleavage: Synthesis of Alkyl Aryl Ether and Diaryl Ether was written by Chen, Xuemeng;Xiao, Xue;Sun, Haotian;Li, Yue;Cao, Haolin;Zhang, Xuemei;Yang, Shengyong;Lian, Zhong. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2019.Application of 4783-68-0 This article mentions the following:

The catalytic conversion of sulfonates, a versatile class of pharmaceutical intermediates, is usually based on C-O bond cleavage. In this paper, however, a rare transformation of sulfonates R¹SO₂OR² [R¹ = 2-pyridyl, 3-methyl-2-pyridyl, 5-trifluoromethyl-2-pyridyl, etc.; R² = Ph, 2-naphthyl, 3-quinolyl, Ph(CH₂)₃, 1-heptyl, 2-adamantyl, etc.] via S-O bond cleavage catalyzed by transition metal. Alkyl sulfonates underwent an intramol. desulfitative C-O coupling to form aryl alkyl ethers in the presence of a nickel catalyst, whereas aryl sulfonates performed similarly under palladium complex catalysis to give diaryl ethers. This transformation could tolerate a wide range of functionalities. Controlled experiments revealed that the 2-pyridyl group is necessary to promote the reaction as designed. Crossover experiments proved that this transformation might proceed partly in an intermol. pathway. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Phenoxypyridine (cas: 4783-68-0Application of 4783-68-0).

2-Phenoxypyridine (cas: 4783-68-0) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The ring atoms in the pyridine molecule are sp2-hybridized. The nitrogen is involved in the π-bonding aromatic system using its unhybridized p orbital. The lone pair is in an sp2 orbital, projecting outward from the ring in the same plane as the σ bonds. Reduced pyridines, namely tetrahydropyridines, dihydropyridines and piperidines, are found in numerous natural and synthetic compounds. The synthesis and reactivity of these compounds have often been driven by the fact many of these compounds have interesting and unique pharmacological properties. Application of 4783-68-0

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Chemical synthesis, molecular docking and MepA efflux pump inhibitory effect by 1,8-naphthyridines sulfonamides was written by Oliveira-Tintino, Cicera Datiane de Morais;Tintino, Saulo Relison;Muniz, Debora Feitosa;Rodrigues dos Santos Barbosa, Cristina;Pereira, Raimundo Luiz Silva;Begnini, Ieda Maria;Rebelo, Ricardo Andrade;da Silva, Luiz Everson;Mireski, Sandro Lucio;Nasato, Michele Caroline;Krautler, Maria Isabel Lacowicz;Pereira, Pedro Silvino;Balbino, Tereza Cristina Leal;da Costa, Jose Galberto Martins;Rodrigues, Fabiola Fernandes Galvao;Teixeira, Alexandre Magno Rodrigues;Barreto, Humberto Medeiros;de Menezes, Irwin Rose Alencar;Coutinho, Henrique Douglas Melo;da Silva, Teresinha Goncalves. And the article was included in European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences in 2021.Safety of N-(6-Aminopyridin-2-yl)acetamide This article mentions the following:

To evaluate the antibacterial activity and to verify, in silico and in vitro, the inhibition of efflux mechanisms using a series of synthesized 1,8-naphthyridines sulfonamides I [R = 4-Me, 2,5-(Cl)₂, 3-CF₃, etc.] against Staphylococcus aureus strains carrying MepA efflux pumps were reported. The chem. synthesis occurred through the thermolysis of the Meldrums acid adduct. The sulfonamide derivatives I were obtained by the sulfonylation of 2-amino-5-chloro-1,8-naphthyridine with com. benzenesulfonyl chloride. Antibacterial activity was assessed by the broth microdilution test. Efflux pump inhibitory capacity was evaluated in silico by mol. docking and in vitro by analyzing synergistic effects on ciprofloxacin and ethidium bromide (EtBr) and by EtBr fluorescence emission assays. The following 1,8-naphthyridines were synthesized: I [R = 4-Me, 2,5-(Cl)₂, 4-F, 2,3,4-(F)₃, 3-CF₃, 2,5-(F)₂,4-Br]. The 1,8-naphthyridines derivatives I associated with sulfonamides did not showed antibacterial activity. However, they showed a favorable pharmacokinetic profile with possible MepA efflux pump inhibitory action, demonstrated in mol. docking. In addition to the promising results in reducing the concentration of intracellular EtBr. 1,8-naphthyridines I acted as putative agents in the inhibitory action of the MepA efflux pump. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(6-Aminopyridin-2-yl)acetamide (cas: 1075-62-3Safety of N-(6-Aminopyridin-2-yl)acetamide).

N-(6-Aminopyridin-2-yl)acetamide (cas: 1075-62-3) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine’s the lone pair does not contribute to the aromatic system but importantly influences the chemical properties of pyridine, as it easily supports bond formation via an electrophilic attack. Pyridine groups exist in countless molecules, and their applications include catalysis, drug design, molecular recognition, and natural product synthesis.Safety of N-(6-Aminopyridin-2-yl)acetamide

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Visible-light-promoted aerobic oxidative hydroxylation of arylboronic acids in water by hydrophilic organic semiconductor was written by Yu, Kunyi;Zhang, Hanjie;Sheng, Yuqiang;Zhu, Yongfa. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2020.Formula: C5H5NO This article mentions the following:

A green and sustainable catalytic system was developed based on perylenediimide (PDI) organic semiconductor for the aerobic oxidative hydroxylation of arylboronic acids in aqueous solution with visible light. By using PDI-SN, a hydrophilic organic semiconductor, which can activate oxygen to produce superoxide radicals in aqueous solution, this reaction proceeds under ambient conditions: water as the solvent and air as the oxidant, giving various phenols as products with high yields. In contrast to methods using organic solvents, this novel process has the potential of green industrial application. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyridin-4-ol (cas: 626-64-2Formula: C5H5NO).

Pyridin-4-ol (cas: 626-64-2) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine is diamagnetic and has a diamagnetic susceptibility of âˆ?8.7 × 10âˆ? cm3·molâˆ?.The molecular electric dipole moment is 2.2 debyes. The standard enthalpy of formation is 100.2 kJ·molâˆ? in the liquid phase and 140.4 kJ·molâˆ? in the gas phase. Pyridine derivatives are also useful as small-molecule α-helix mimetics that inhibit protein-protein interactions, as well as functionally selective GABA ligands.Formula: C5H5NO

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Chalcogen-Bonded Cocrystals of Substituted Pyridine N-Oxides and Chalcogenodiazoles: An X-ray Diffraction and Solid-State NMR Investigation was written by Xu, Yijue;Kumar, Vijith;Bradshaw, Maressa J. Z.;Bryce, David L.. And the article was included in Crystal Growth & Design in 2020.Application of 3718-65-8 This article mentions the following:

Me, MeO, and Ph substituents are introduced at the para-, meta-, and ortho- positions of pyridine N-oxide to study the effect of chem. substitution on the resulting 9 chalcogen-bonded structures formed upon cocrystn. with 3,4-dicyano-1,2,5-selenodiazole and 3,4-dicyano-1,2,5-telluradiazole. Single-crystal x-ray diffraction studies reveal double chalcogen bonding interactions in the cocrystals and demonstrate the impact of the substitution on the geometric features of the chalcogen bonds. ⁷⁷Se and ¹²⁵Te solid-state NMR spectroscopy is employed to measure Se and Te chem. shift tensors of the products, and various trends are described. The smallest component of the ⁷⁷Se chem. shift tensor (δ₃₃) provides the strongest correlation with the chalcogen bond distance. Solution NMR provides qual. evidence for the persistence of the chalcogen bonds in solution ¹J(⁷⁷Se,¹⁴N) coupling constants in 3,4-dicyano-1,2,5-selenodiazole and its chalcogen-bonded cocrystals are measured after accounting for residual dipolar coupling between ⁷⁷Se and ¹⁴N; however, changes in ¹J(⁷⁷Se,¹⁴N) attributable to chalcogen bonding upon cocrystn. are comparable to the exptl. uncertainties. This systematic study of chalcogen-bonded cocrystals demonstrates the potential utility of the substitution effect for applications of chalcogen bonds in crystal engineering and demonstrates the value of solid-state NMR in characterizing such systems. Chalcogen-bonded cocrystals based on 3,4-dicyano-1,2,5-selenodiazole and 3,4-dicyano-1,2,5-telluradiazole are reported. Various substituted pyridine N-oxides act as electron donors. X-ray diffraction and ⁷⁷Se/¹²⁵Te solid-state NMR are employed to characterize these novel materials. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,5-Dimethylpyridine 1-oxide (cas: 3718-65-8Application of 3718-65-8).

3,5-Dimethylpyridine 1-oxide (cas: 3718-65-8) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The ring atoms in the pyridine molecule are sp2-hybridized. The nitrogen is involved in the π-bonding aromatic system using its unhybridized p orbital. The lone pair is in an sp2 orbital, projecting outward from the ring in the same plane as the σ bonds. Pyridine groups exist in countless molecules, and their applications include catalysis, drug design, molecular recognition, and natural product synthesis.Application of 3718-65-8

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Adsorption of dodecylpyridinium bromide and Triton X-100 from individual and mixed solutions on alumina was written by Kharitonova, T. V.;Ivanova, N. I.;Rudnev, A. V.;Summ, B. D.. And the article was included in Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, Seriya 2: Khimiya in 2003.Recommanded Product: 104-73-4 This article mentions the following:

Adsorption of dodecylpyridinium bromide (DDPB) and Triton X-100 on alumina was investigated by UV spectroscopy and capillary electrophoresis at pH 6.5, 8.7 and 10. The adsorption of DDPB was weak and it weakly increased with increasing pH. No significant adsorption was observed for Triton X-100. The low adsorption values were confirmed by the contact angle data. No DDPB-Triton X-100 interaction effects were observed during their adsorption on alumina. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide (cas: 104-73-4Recommanded Product: 104-73-4).

1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide (cas: 104-73-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine’s the lone pair does not contribute to the aromatic system but importantly influences the chemical properties of pyridine, as it easily supports bond formation via an electrophilic attack. Many analogues of pyridine are known where N is replaced by other heteroatoms . Substitution of one C–H in pyridine with a second N gives rise to the diazine heterocycles (C4H4N2), with the names pyridazine, pyrimidine, and pyrazine.Recommanded Product: 104-73-4

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Water as a Hydroxy Source in a Rh^III-Catalyzed Directed C-H Hydroxylation of 2-Arylpyridines was written by Kim, Kiseong;Hyun, Jaeyong;Kim, Jin;Kim, Hyunwoo. And the article was included in Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2017.COA of Formula: C12H11N This article mentions the following:

A [Rh^IIICp*]-catalyzed directed C-H hydroxylation of 2-arylpyridines was described (Cp*=1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopenta-2,4-dienyl), in which the combination of [(RhCp*Cl₂)₂]/AgF, PhI(OPiv)₂ and water was used as an effective catalytic system. According to mechanistic studies, including ¹⁸O-labeling experiments and X-ray crystallog. anal. of an intermediate Rh complex, it was demonstrated that water and PhI(OPiv)₂ were required for Rh catalysis as the hydroxy source and the oxidant, resp. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(m-Tolyl)pyridine (cas: 4373-61-9COA of Formula: C12H11N).

2-(m-Tolyl)pyridine (cas: 4373-61-9) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine’s the lone pair does not contribute to the aromatic system but importantly influences the chemical properties of pyridine, as it easily supports bond formation via an electrophilic attack. One of the examples of pyridines is the well-known alkaloid lithoprimidine, which is an A3 adenosine receptor antagonist and N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) analog, commonly used in organic synthesis.COA of Formula: C12H11N

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

The effects of surfactant concentration, adsorption, aggregation, and solution conditions on steel corrosion inhibition and associated modeling in aqueous media was written by Zhu, Yakun;Free, Michael L.;Yi, Gaosong. And the article was included in Corrosion Science in 2016.Quality Control of 1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide This article mentions the following:

A potential model for the prediction of metal corrosion inhibition using relevant pure and mixed surfactants in salt solution was developed and validated. This model is based on the combination of Langmuir adsorption (LA) and a newly-developed critical micelle concentration (cmc) prediction model for various pure and mixed surfactants. The collected data from benzalkonium chloride (BAC) surfactants was used for model illustration and derivation. The effects of surfactant concentration, adsorption, aggregation, and solution temperature on steel corrosion inhibition were investigated. The adsorption mechanism is discussed based on temperature, concentration, potential of zero charge, and d. functional theory (DFT) calculation In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide (cas: 104-73-4Quality Control of 1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide).

1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide (cas: 104-73-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The ring atoms in the pyridine molecule are sp2-hybridized. The nitrogen is involved in the π-bonding aromatic system using its unhybridized p orbital. The lone pair is in an sp2 orbital, projecting outward from the ring in the same plane as the σ bonds. Halopyridines are particularly attractive synthetic building blocks in a variety of cross-coupling methods, including the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction.Quality Control of 1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Downregulation of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP3A4 in human hepatocytes by prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 inhibitors via hypoxia-inducible factor-α stabilization was written by Takano, Hiroki;Yamaguchi, Jun-ichi;Kato, Sota;Hamada, Makoto;Tada, Mika;Endo, Hiromi. And the article was included in Drug Metabolism & Disposition in 2021.Quality Control of Methyl 6-Cyanopyridine-3-carboxylate This article mentions the following:

Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is associated with the expression of CYP, but the underlying mechanism remains uncertain. In this study, we investigated the effect of HIF-α stabilization caused by novel prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) 2 inhibitors, which are HIF-α stabilizers that mimic hypoxia, on the expressions of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP3A4 in human hepatocytes. An mRNA expression anal. of human hepatocytes treated with PHD2 inhibitors for 72 h showed the downregulation of genes encoding CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP3A4. The mRNA repressions were accompanied with an increase in erythropoietin protein, a marker of HIF-α stabilization, indicating that HIF-α stabilization was involved in the downregulation of the CYP isoforms. To understand the underlying mechanisms, we assessed the relationship between the expressions of the CYP isoforms and those of their regulating transcription factors [aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), AhR nuclear translocator (ARNT), constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), pregnane X receptor (PXR), and retinoid X receptor (RXR)] in human hepatocytes treated with the HIF-α stabilizers. As a result, the mRNA level of AhR did not decrease, although ARNT expression was repressed. On the other hand, the mRNA expression levels of CAR, PXR, and RXR were repressed and closely associated with those of CYP2B6 and CYP3A4. Although the underlying mechanism of the downregulation for CYP1A2 remains unclear, the presently reported results suggest that the downregulation of CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 via HIF-α stabilization is caused by a decrease in the expressions of CAR, PXR, and RXR. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 6-Cyanopyridine-3-carboxylate (cas: 89809-65-4Quality Control of Methyl 6-Cyanopyridine-3-carboxylate).

Methyl 6-Cyanopyridine-3-carboxylate (cas: 89809-65-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine is diamagnetic and has a diamagnetic susceptibility of âˆ?8.7 × 10âˆ? cm3·molâˆ?.The molecular electric dipole moment is 2.2 debyes. The standard enthalpy of formation is 100.2 kJ·molâˆ? in the liquid phase and 140.4 kJ·molâˆ? in the gas phase. Pyridine derivatives are also useful as small-molecule α-helix mimetics that inhibit protein-protein interactions, as well as functionally selective GABA ligands.Quality Control of Methyl 6-Cyanopyridine-3-carboxylate

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

A Combined IM-MS/DFT Study on [Pd(MPAA)]-Catalyzed Enantioselective C-H Activation: Relay of Chirality through a Rigid Framework was written by Cheng, Gui-Juan;Chen, Ping;Sun, Tian-Yu;Zhang, Xinhao;Yu, Jin-Quan;Wu, Yun-Dong. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2015.Application In Synthesis of 2-Isopropylpyridine This article mentions the following:

A combined ion-mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) and DFT study has been employed to investigate the mechanism and the origin of selectivity of palladium/mono-N-protected amino acid (MPAA)-catalyzed enantioselective C-H activation reactions of several prochiral substrates. We captured the [Pd(MPAA)(substrate)] complex at different stages, and demonstrated that the C-H bond can be activated in the absence of an external base. DFT studies lead to the establishment of a significantly modified relay mechanism invoking a key conformational effect to account for the origin of enantioselectivity. This relay mechanism successfully accounts for the enantioselectivity for all the relevant reactions reported. The enantioselectivity originates from the rigid square-planar Pd coordination in the C-H activation transition state: Bidentate MPAA and substrate coordination. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Isopropylpyridine (cas: 644-98-4Application In Synthesis of 2-Isopropylpyridine).

2-Isopropylpyridine (cas: 644-98-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The ring atoms in the pyridine molecule are sp2-hybridized. The nitrogen is involved in the π-bonding aromatic system using its unhybridized p orbital. The lone pair is in an sp2 orbital, projecting outward from the ring in the same plane as the σ bonds. Several pyridine derivatives play important roles in biological systems. While its biosynthesis is not fully understood, nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) occurs in some bacteria, fungi, and mammals.Application In Synthesis of 2-Isopropylpyridine

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem