Category: pyridine-derivatives

Hollingworth, Samantha A. published the artcileAntihypertensive medicine use differs between Ghana and Nigeria, Related Products of pyridine-derivatives, the main research area is (PubMed MESH terms); Antihypertensive medicines; Ghana; Hypertension; Nigeria; Pharmacoepidemiology.

Abstract: Background: Non-communicable diseases are a growing burden in many African countries; cardiovascular disease is the main disease. Antihypertensive medicines (AHM) are a common treatment option but we know little about community use in most low- and medium-income countries (LMIC). We aimed to describe the use of antihypertensive medicines (AHM) in Ghana and Nigeria using a novel data source. Methods: We used data from mPharma-a health and pharmaceutical company which distributes pharmaceuticals to hospital and retail pharmacies. We extracted data using the anatomical therapeutic chem. (ATC) classification codes and calculated use in defined daily doses and explored patterns by class, medicines, dose, and originator or generic product. Results: AHM use differed between Ghana and Nigeria. The most used classes in Ghana were angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) followed by calcium channel blockers (CCB) and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACEi). The five most used products were 16 mg candesartan, 30 mg nifedipine, 10 mg lisinopril, 5 mg amlodipine and 50 mg losartan. In Nigeria ARB, CCB and diuretics were widely used; the top five products were 50 mg losartan, 10 mg lisinopril, 30 mg nifedipine, 40 mg furosemide, and 5 mg amlodipine. More originator products were used in Ghana than Nigeria. Conclusion: The differences between Ghana and Nigeria may result from a combination of medical, contextual and policy evidence and reflect factors related to clin. guidance (e.g. standard treatment guidelines), accessibility to prescribers and the role of community pharmacies, and structure of the health system and universal health coverage including funding for medicines. We show the feasibility of using novel data sources to gain insights on medicines use in the community.

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders published new progress about (PubMed MESH terms); Antihypertensive medicines; Ghana; Hypertension; Nigeria; Pharmacoepidemiology. 21829-25-4 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, name is Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, and the molecular formula is C17H18N2O6, Related Products of pyridine-derivatives.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Jayant, Satyam Singh published the artcileTriple A (Allgrove) syndrome due to AAAS gene mutation with a rare association of amyotrophy., COA of Formula: C17H18N2O6, the main research area is AAAS gene; ACTH resistance; Achalasia; Amyotrophy; Triple A syndrome.

INTRODUCTION: Triple A (Allgrove) syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by cardinal features of primary adrenal insufficiency (AI) due to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) resistance, achalasia, and alacrima. It is frequently associated with neurological manifestations such as autonomic dysfunction, cognitive dysfunction, cranial nerve, or motor involvement. Amyotrophy/motor neuron disease is a rare association. CASE PRESENTATION: We herein report a 19-year-old boy diagnosed with triple A syndrome (TAS), with the classic triad of ACTH-resistant adrenal insufficiency, achalasia, and alacrima. Additionally, he had distal spinal muscle amyotrophy. Alacrima was the earliest feature evident in early childhood, followed by achalasia at 12 years of age. He was diagnosed with AI at the age of 19 years, with involvement of the mineralocorticoid axis. Further evaluation showed a neurogenic pattern on electromyography, consistent with a diagnosis of motor neuron disease. A nerve conduction study revealed no significant neuropathy. Genetic analysis confirmed a pathogenic homozygous mutation in the AAAS gene c.43C>A, p.Gln15Lys. He improved with glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid supplements for AI, and nifedipine for achalasia and artificial tears. He is planned for esophagomyotomy. CONCLUSION: In any young patient with AI not due to congenital adrenal hyperplasia, Allgrove syndrome should be ruled out. Though mineralocorticoid sparing pattern is classical, it can rarely be involved, as seen in the index case. Various components of the syndrome, as well as amyotrophy and other neurologic features, may present in a metachronous fashion. Hence, a high index of clinical suspicion can aid in early diagnosis and management.

Hormones (Athens, Greece) published new progress about AAAS gene; ACTH resistance; Achalasia; Amyotrophy; Triple A syndrome. 21829-25-4 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, name is Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, and the molecular formula is C17H18N2O6, COA of Formula: C17H18N2O6.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Bhattarai, Anjan published the artcileDelayed-Onset High Altitude Pulmonary Edema: A Case Report., Synthetic Route of 21829-25-4, the main research area is acetazolamide; acute mountain sickness; altitude illness.

High altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a life-threatening altitude illness that usually occurs in insufficiently acclimatized climbers in the first few days at altitudes above 2500 m. Acetazolamide is recommended for prophylaxis of acute mountain sickness, but a role for acetazolamide in the prevention of HAPE has not been established. We report a case of a trekker with previous high altitude experience who developed HAPE 8 d after arrival to altitude despite what was believed to be a conservative ascent profile.

Wilderness & environmental medicine published new progress about acetazolamide; acute mountain sickness; altitude illness. 21829-25-4 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, name is Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, and the molecular formula is C17H18N2O6, Synthetic Route of 21829-25-4.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Luks, Andrew M published the artcileCOVID-19 Lung Injury and High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema. A False Equation with Dangerous Implications., Application of Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, the main research area is acetazolamide; acute respiratory distress syndrome; coronavirus disease; high-altitude pulmonary edema; nifedipine.

Amid efforts to care for the large number of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19), there has been considerable speculation about whether the lung injury seen in these patients is different than acute respiratory distress syndrome from other causes. One idea that has garnered considerable attention, particularly on social media and in free open-access medicine, is the notion that lung injury due to COVID-19 is more similar to high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). Drawing on this concept, it has also been proposed that treatments typically employed in the management of HAPE and other forms of acute altitude illness-pulmonary vasodilators and acetazolamide-should be considered for COVID-19. Despite some similarities in clinical features between the two entities, such as hypoxemia, radiographic opacities, and altered lung compliance, the pathophysiological mechanisms of HAPE and lung injury due to COVID-19 are fundamentally different, and the entities cannot be viewed as equivalent. Although of high utility in the management of HAPE and acute mountain sickness, systemically delivered pulmonary vasodilators and acetazolamide should not be used in the treatment of COVID-19, as they carry the risk of multiple adverse consequences, including worsened ventilation-perfusion matching, impaired carbon dioxide transport, systemic hypotension, and increased work of breathing.

Annals of the American Thoracic Society published new progress about acetazolamide; acute respiratory distress syndrome; coronavirus disease; high-altitude pulmonary edema; nifedipine. 21829-25-4 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, name is Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, and the molecular formula is C17H18N2O6, Application of Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Thakur, Monika published the artcileTo study the changes in maternal hemodynamics with intravenous labetalol or nifedipine in acute severe hypertension., Product Details of C17H18N2O6, the main research area is Acute severe hypertension; Doppler; Intravenous labetalol; Nifedipine; Pregnancy; Renal artery; Uterine artery.

OBJECTIVE: To study the maternal hemodynamic changes in acute severe hypertension after treatment with intravenous labetalol or oral nifedipine using color doppler ultrasound. STUDY DESIGN: We evaluated thirty pregnant women with gestational age between 28 and 40 weeks in acute severe hypertension (more than or equal to 160/105 mmHg) which were randomly allocated to receive either intravenous labetalol or oral nifedipine until blood pressure was lowered to less than or equal to 140/90 mmHg. Doppler vascular indices namely pulsatility index, resistance index, S/D ratio of bilateral uterine arteries and maternal renal artery were measured baseline at the time of acute severe hypertension and repeated after control of blood pressure, to assess the changes in maternal hemodynamics if any with labetalol or nifedipine. RESULTS: When evaluating right uterine artery Doppler parameters, a trend to increase in PI and RI was observed in those who received labetalol and nifedipine however the difference was not statistically significant. Whereas, while evaluating left uterine artery indices a trend to decrease PI was seen in nifedipine group but the difference was not statistically significant. On intergroup comparison there was no any significant change in any of uterine artery as well as renal artery indices in either group. CONCLUSION: The use of labetalol and nifedipine were not related to any significant changes in maternal Doppler, which is reassuring about the safety of these drugs when treating acute severe hypertension in pregnancy.

Pregnancy hypertension published new progress about Acute severe hypertension; Doppler; Intravenous labetalol; Nifedipine; Pregnancy; Renal artery; Uterine artery. 21829-25-4 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, name is Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, and the molecular formula is C17H18N2O6, Product Details of C17H18N2O6.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Gefen, David published the artcileA case study of applying text analysis to identify possible adverse drug interactions: The case of Adalat (Nifedipine)., Recommanded Product: Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, the main research area is Adalat; Nifedipine; congestive heart failure; medical records; text analysis.

Adalat (Nifedipine) is a calcium-channel blocker that is also used as an antihypertensive drug. The drug was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 1985 but was discontinued in 1996 on account, among other things, of interactions with other medications. Nonetheless, Adalat is still used in other countries to treat congestive heart failure. We examine all the congestive heart failure electronic health records of the largest medical center in Israel to discover whether, possibly, taking Adalat with other medications is associated with patient death. This study examines a semantic space built by running latent semantic analysis on the entire corpus of congestive heart failure electronic health records of that medical center, encompassing 8 years of data on almost 12,000 patients. Through this semantic space, the most highly correlated medications and medical conditions that co-occurred with Adalat were identified. This was done separately for men and women. The results show that Adalat is correlated with different medications and conditions across genders. The data also suggest that taking Adalat with Captopril (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor) or Rulid (antibiotic) might be dangerous in both genders. The study thus demonstrates the potential of applying latent semantic analysis to identify potentially dangerous drug interactions that may have otherwise gone under the radar.

Health informatics journal published new progress about Adalat; Nifedipine; congestive heart failure; medical records; text analysis. 21829-25-4 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, name is Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, and the molecular formula is C17H18N2O6, Recommanded Product: Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

De Roos, K. B. published the artcileDeazapurine derivatives. V. New synthesis of 1- and 3-deaza-adenine and related compounds, Product Details of C7H6ClNO2, the main research area is adenines deaza; deazaadenines; imidazopyridines; pyridines imidazo; purines deaza.

Reinvestigation of the cyclization of 2,3,4-triaminopyridine by several procedures showed that both 7-aminoimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (1-deaza-adenine) (I) and 4-aminoimidazo[4,5-c]pyridine (3-deazaadenine) (II) were always obtained. A new and convenient route to the synthesis of I was devised. An unambiguous synthesis of II is given. Ring closure of 2,4,5-triaminopyridine afforded 6-aminoimidazo[4,5-c]pyridine (3-deazaisoadenine).

Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas published new progress about adenines deaza; deazaadenines; imidazopyridines; pyridines imidazo; purines deaza. 24484-93-3 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, name is Methyl 4-chloropicolinate, and the molecular formula is C7H6ClNO2, Product Details of C7H6ClNO2.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Chretien, Marc L published the artcileSeverity of coeliac disease and clinical management study when using a CYP3A4 metabolised medication: a phase I pharmacokinetic study., Related Products of pyridine-derivatives, the main research area is adverse events; clinical pharmacology; coeliac disease; gastroenterology.

OBJECTIVE: Severity of coeliac disease depends in part on the extent of small intestinal mucosa injury. Patients with the most abnormal pathology have loss of duodenal villi CYP3A4, a drug-metabolising enzyme that inactivates many drugs. These patients are hypothesised to have greater systemic concentrations of felodipine, a drug which normally has low oral bioavailability secondary to intestinal CYP3A4-mediated metabolism. It serves as a representative for a class containing many medications. DESIGN: A phase I, open-label, single-dose, pharmacokinetic study. SETTING: London, Ontario, Canada. PARTICIPANTS: Patients with coeliac disease (n=47) with positive serology and healthy individuals (n=68). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patients with coeliac disease-upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and oral felodipine pharmacokinetics study within a 3-week period. Healthy individuals-oral felodipine pharmacokinetics study with water and grapefruit juice. RESULTS: Coeliac stratification categories: Group A (n=15, normal), B+C (n=16, intraepithelial lymphocytosis with/without mild villous blunting) and D (n=16, moderate/severe villous blunting). Groups A, B+C and D had linear trends of increasing felodipine AUC0-8; mean±SEM, 14.4±2.1, 17.6±2.8, 25.7±5.0; p<0.05) and Cmax (3.5±0.5, 4.0±0.6, 6.4±1.1; p<0.02), respectively. Healthy subjects receiving water had lower felodipine AUC0-8 (11.9±0.9 vs 26.9±0.9, p=0.0001) and Cmax (2.9±0.2 vs 7.7±0.2, p=0.0001) relative to those receiving grapefruit juice. CONCLUSIONS: Increased felodipine concentrations in patients with coeliac disease were most probably secondary to decreased small intestinal CYP3A4 expression. Patients with severe coeliac disease and healthy individuals with grapefruit juice had equivalently enhanced effect. Thus, patients with severe coeliac disease would probably experience similarly altered drug response, including overdose toxicity, from many important medications known to be metabolised by CYP3A4. Patients with coeliac disease with severe disease should be considered for other clinical drug management, particularly when there is the potential for serious drug toxicity. BMJ open published new progress about adverse events; clinical pharmacology; coeliac disease; gastroenterology. 72509-76-3 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, name is 3-Ethyl 5-methyl 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, and the molecular formula is C18H19Cl2NO4, Related Products of pyridine-derivatives.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

de Heus, Rianne A. A. published the artcileBlood Pressure Variability and Progression of Clinical Alzheimer Disease, Recommanded Product: Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, the main research area is Alzheimer disease; activities of daily living; blood pressure; cognition; hypertension.

Blood pressure variability (BPV) has been shown to have predictive value over blood pressure (BP) levels alone in stroke patients. We assessed whether BPV predicts cognitive and functional decline in Alzheimer disease, using data from a randomized trial (NILVAD [A European Multicentre Double-blind Placebo-controlled Phase III Trial of Nilvadipine in Mild to Moderate Alzheimer′s Disease]). Patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer disease were included if they had â‰? office BP measurements available to determine visit-to-visit BPV. Day-to-day BPV was assessed using home BP measurements in a subsample. The variation independent of mean was used to calculate BPV. Outcomes were change in Alzheimer′s Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale-12 and Disability Assessment for Dementia after 1 and 1.5 years. A total of 460 patients aged 72.1 (SD=8.1) years, with mean BP of 134.0/75.1 (10.9/6.3) mm Hg were included. After 1 yr, patients in the highest quartile of BPV had deteriorated more on Alzheimer′s Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale compared with patients in the lowest quartile (systolic: β, 2.24 [95% CI, 0.11-4.38], P=0.040; diastolic: β, 2.54 [95% CI, 0.33-4.75] P=0.024). This association was still present after 1.5 years (systolic: β, 2.86 [95% CI, 0.35-5.36], P=0.026; diastolic: β, 3.30 [95% CI, 0.67-5.93], P=0.014). There was no effect of visit-to-visit BPV on Disability Assessment for Dementia. Day-to-day BPV was available for 46 patients. Significant associations were observed between day-to-day BPV and deterioration on Alzheimer′s Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (systolic: P=0.036) and Disability Assessment for Dementia (systolic: P=0.020; diastolic: P=0.007) after 1 yr, but not after 1.5 years. All associations were adjusted for potential confounders, including intervention group. In conclusion, this post hoc anal. indicates that higher visit-to-visit and day-to-day BPV might be associated with progression of Alzheimer disease. Targeting BPV may be a future target to slow decline in patients with Alzheimer disease. Clin. trial registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02017340.

Hypertension published new progress about Alzheimer disease; activities of daily living; blood pressure; cognition; hypertension. 21829-25-4 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, name is Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, and the molecular formula is C17H18N2O6, Recommanded Product: Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Gudmundsson, Kristjan S. published the artcileAn improved large-scale synthesis of 2-amino-4-chloropyridine and its use for the convenient preparation of various polychlorinated 2-aminopyridines, Recommanded Product: Methyl 4-chloropicolinate, the main research area is aminochloropyridine preparation chlorination; polychlorinated aminopyridine preparation; pyridine amino polychlorinated preparation.

An efficient large scale synthesis of 2-amino-4-chloropyridine (I) has been achieved through a modification of existing literature procedures. I was used to prepare the previously unreported 2-amino-4,5-dichloropyridine. The known 2-amino-3,4-dichloropyridine and 2-amino-3,4,5-trichloropyridine were prepared from I by new routes and in higher yields than previously reported.

Synthetic Communications published new progress about aminochloropyridine preparation chlorination; polychlorinated aminopyridine preparation; pyridine amino polychlorinated preparation. 24484-93-3 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, name is Methyl 4-chloropicolinate, and the molecular formula is C7H6ClNO2, Recommanded Product: Methyl 4-chloropicolinate.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem