Category: pyridine-derivatives

In 2019,Animal included an article by Lu, L.; Zhao, L. L.; Dong, S. Y.; Liao, X. D.; Dong, X. Y.; Zhang, L. Y.; Luo, X. G.. Safety of Picolinic acid. The article was titled 《Dietary supplementation of organic or inorganic chromium modulates the immune responses of broilers vaccinated with Avian Influenza virus vaccine》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Dietary supplementation with the organic chromium (Cr) has been shown to pos. affect the immune function of poultry. However, to our knowledge, no experiment has been done to directly compare the impacts of Cr chloride and chromium picolinate (CrPic) on the immune responses of broilers vaccinated with Avian Influenza (AI) virus vaccine. Therefore, the present experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of supplemental Cr sources (Cr chloride and CrPic) and levels on the growth performance and immune responses of broilers vaccinated with AI virus vaccine so as to provide an effective nutritional strategy for improving immune function of broilers. A total of 432 1-day (d)-old male broiler chicks were used in a 1 plus 2×4 design. Chickens were given either a diet without Cr supplementation (control) or diets supplemented with 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, or 3.2 mg Cr/kg as either Cr chloride or CrPic for 42 d. Compared to the control, dietary Cr supplementation had no effect (P greater than 0.05) on average daily gain, average daily feed intake and gain : feed of broilers during the starter and grower phases, but increased (P less than 0.05) the relative weights of bursa of fabricius on d 21 and thymus, spleen, or bursa of fabricius on d 42, serum antibody titers against AI virus on d 21, 28, 35 and 42, blood T-lymphocyte transformation rate on d 28 and 42, blood T-lymphocyte percentage on d 42, and serum interleukin-2 contents on d 28. Broilers fed the diets supplemented with the inorganic Cr chloride had higher (P less than 0.05) weights of thymus, spleen and bursa of fabricius than those fed the diets supplemented with the CrPic on d 42. In addition, broilers fed the diets supplemented with the CrPic had higher (P less than 0.05) antibody titers against AI virus than those fed the diets supplemented with the inorganic Cr chloride on d 21 and 35. These results indicate that dietary Cr supplementation improved immune responses of broilers vaccinated with AI virus, and the inorganic Cr chloride was more effective than the CrPic in increasing the relative weights of lymphoid organs, however, the CrPic was more effective than the inorganic Cr chloride in enhancing the serum antibody titer against AI virus. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6Safety of Picolinic acid)

Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6) is used in the preparation of 2-Aminodihydro[1,3]thiazines as BACE 2 inhibitors and their preparation and use in the treatment of diabetes.Safety of Picolinic acid

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

In 2019,Metallomics included an article by Qin, Qi-Pin; Wang, Zhen-Feng; Tan, Ming-Xiong; Huang, Xiao-Ling; Zou, Hua-Hong; Zou, Bi-Qun; Shi, Bei-Bei; Zhang, Shu-Hua. Recommanded Product: 1134-35-6. The article was titled 《Complexes of lanthanides(III) with mixed 2,2′-bipyridyl and 5,7-dibromo-8-quinolinoline chelating ligands as a new class of promising anti-cancer agents》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Five novel lanthanides(III) complexes, [Lu(Me)(MBrQ)2NO3] (MeMBrQ-Lu), [Ho(MeO)(MBrQ)2NO3] (MeOMBrQ-Ho), [Ho(Me)(MBrQ)2NO3] (MeMBrQ-Ho), [La(Me)2(BrQ)2NO3] (MeBrQ-La) and [Sm(Me)(BrQ)2(CH3OH)NO3] (MeBrQ-Sm) were synthesized in which 2,2′-bipyridyl (4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridyl (Me) and 4,4′-dimethoxy-2,2′-bipyridine (MeO)) and 5,7-dibromo-8-quinolinoline derivatives (5,7-dibromo-2-methyl-8-quinolinol (MBrQ-H) and 5,7-dibromo-8-quinolinol (BrQ-H)) act as chelating ligands. The in vitro cytotoxic activities of five Ln(III) complexes have been studied with SK-OV-3/DDP, NCI-H460 and HeLa cancer cells. MeMBrQ-Lu, MeOMBrQ-Ho, MeMBrQ-Ho, MeBrQ-La and MeBrQ-Sm show higher cytotoxicity against the HeLa cells than cisplatin (13.11 ± 0.53 μM). In particular, the MeOMBrQ-Ho and MeMBrQ-Ho complexes exhibit superior cytotoxic activity, with IC50 values at 1.00 ± 0.34 nM and 125.00 ± 1.08 nM. We further demonstrate that MeOMBrQ-Ho and MeMBrQ-Ho inhibit the proliferation of HeLa cells by inhibiting telomerase and targeting mitochondria to induce DNA damage-mediated apoptosis. In addition, MeOMBrQ-Ho significantly inhibits tumor growth with a tumor growth inhibition rate (IR) of 50.8% in a HeLa mouse xenograft model. Taken together, MeOMBrQ-Ho is a novel lanthanide(III) complex with promising antitumor activity. The experimental process involved the reaction of 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 1134-35-6Recommanded Product: 1134-35-6)

4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 1134-35-6) is used as a chemical Intermediate. It can be used for the determination of ferrous and cyanide compounds.Recommanded Product: 1134-35-6 Furthermore, 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine is used in the synthesis of a series of o-phenanthroline-substituted ruthenium(II) complexes.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

In 2019,Organic Letters included an article by Ying, Jun; Fu, Lu-Yang; Zhong, Guoqiang; Wu, Xiao-Feng. Formula: C6H5NO2. The article was titled 《Cobalt-Catalyzed Direct Carbonylative Synthesis of Free (NH)-Benzo[cd]indol-2(1H)-ones from Naphthylamides》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

A cobalt-catalyzed C-H carbonylation of naphthylamides for the synthesis of benzo[cd]indol-2(1H)-one scaffolds was developed. The reaction employs a traceless directing group and uses benzene-1,3,5-triyl triormate as the CO source, affording various free (NH)-benzo[cd]indol-2(1H)-ones in moderate to high yields (up to 88%). Using this protocol, the total synthesis of BET bromodomain inhibitors A and B was accomplished as well. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6Formula: C6H5NO2)

Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6) is used in the preparation of 2-Aminodihydro[1,3]thiazines as BACE 2 inhibitors and their preparation and use in the treatment of diabetes.Formula: C6H5NO2

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

SDS of cas: 81376-84-3On March 31, 1982, Marsais, F.; Le Nard, G.; Queguiner, G. published an article in Synthesis. The article was 《Regioselective o-lithiation of 3-alkoxypyridines; a convenient route to new o-disubstituted pyridines》. The article mentions the following:

Lithiation of 3-alkoxypyridines occurred in the 2-position. The best yields were obtained by treating 3-ethoxypyridine with BuLi in THF in the presence of an equimolar amount of Me2NCH2CH2NMe2. Substitution reactions of the lithiated alkoxypyridines gave I (R = Et, CH2Ph, R1 = SiMe3; R = Et, Me, R1 = CHMeOH; R = Et, Bu, R1 = D; R = Et, R1 = AsMe2, CEt2OH, CH(OH)C6H4OMe-4, CHO). I (R = Et, R1 = CHMeOH) was oxidized to I (R = Et, R1 = Ac). In the experiment, the researchers used 3-Ethoxypicolinaldehyde(cas: 81376-84-3SDS of cas: 81376-84-3)

3-Ethoxypicolinaldehyde(cas: 81376-84-3) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine, its benzo and pyridine-based compounds play diverse roles in organic chemistry. As ligands, solvents, and catalysts they facilitate reactions; thus descriptions of these new ligands and their applications abound each year.SDS of cas: 81376-84-3

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Application In Synthesis of 2,5-DibromopyridineIn 2021 ,《Synthesis and Steady State Photophysical Property Analysis of Beads on a Chain (BoC) Silsesquioxane Oligomers Containing Arene and Heteroarene Cross-linkers》 was published in Silicon. The article was written by Mahbub, Shahrea; Furgal, Joseph C.. The article contains the following contents:

Silsesquioxane-based materials are garnering considerable attention due to their unique structural and electronic properties which enable use in diverse fields of study. In this article, a series of hybrid oligomeric materials comprising a silsesquioxane (SQ) backbone linked by conjugated organic cross-linkers were investigated and their photophys. properties in the steady state absorption and emission realms were assessed. Silsesquioxanes improve the thermal and photo stabilities of the organic components, offer enhancements in the molar extinction coefficients of absorption, and have a significant influence on their emission properties. Heck cross-coupling reactions were used to build oligomers with a vinyl/phenylSQ cage backbone linked with a series of different cross-linkers including 2,7-dibromo-9-fluorenone, 2,7-dibromo-9,9-dimethylfluorene, 1,4-dibromo-2,5-dimethoxybenzene, 2,5-dibromopyridine, 2,6-dibromopyridine, 2,3-dibromothiophene, 2,5-dibromothiophene, and 2,5- dibromothieno [3,2-b]thiophene. Each of these linkers showed reasonable conversion to oligomers and exhibited a wide array of fluorescence quantum yield and shifts in the absorption and emission spectra dependent on the variations in substitution position. The study was confined to explore the overall steady state spectral properties of these synthesized hybrid materials in their solution phases. Understanding the basic photophys. processes in these materials will pave the way toward their use in photovoltaic or electroluminescence applications. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2,5-Dibromopyridine(cas: 624-28-2Application In Synthesis of 2,5-Dibromopyridine)

2,5-Dibromopyridine(cas: 624-28-2) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine and pyridine-derived structures are privileged pharmacophores in medicinal chemistry and an essential functionality for organic chemists. As the prototypical π-deficient heterocycle, pyridine illustrates distinctive chemistry as both substrate and reagent. Application In Synthesis of 2,5-Dibromopyridine

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Soldin, Zeljka; Kukovec, Boris-Marko; Matkovic-Calogovic, Dubravka; Popovic, Zora published an article in 2021. The article was titled 《The Solvent Effect on Composition and Dimensionality of Mercury(II) Complexes with Picolinic Acid》, and you may find the article in Molecules.SDS of cas: 98-98-6 The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Three new mercury(II) coordination compounds, {[HgCl(pic)]}n (1), [HgCl(pic)(picH)] (2), and [HgBr(pic)(picH)] (3) (picH = pyridine-2-carboxylic acid, picolinic acid) were prepared by reactions of the corresponding mercury(II) halides and picolinic acid in an aqueous (1) or alc.-methanol or ethanol (2 and 3) solutions Two different types of coordination compounds were obtained depending on the solvent used. The crystal structures were determined by the single-crystal X-ray structural anal. Compound1 is a one-dimensional (1-D) coordination polymer with mercury(II) ions bridged by chelating and bridging N,O,O′-picolinate ions. Each mercury(II) ion is four-coordinated with a bidentate picolinate ion, a carboxylate O atom from the symmetry-related picolinate ion and with a chloride ion; the resulting coordination environment can be described as a highly distorted tetrahedron. Compounds 2 and 3 are isostructural mononuclear coordination compounds, each mercury(II) ion being coordinated with the resp. halide ion, N,O-bidentate picolinate ion, and N,O-bidentate picolinic acid in a highly distorted square-pyramidal coordination environment. Compounds 1-3 were characterized by IR spectroscopy, PXRD, and thermal methods (TGA/DSC) in the solid state and by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy in the DMSO solution In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6SDS of cas: 98-98-6)

Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6) is used as a chelate for alkaline earth metals. Used to prepare picolinato ligated transition metal complexes. In synthetic organic chemistry, has been used as a substrate in the Mitsunobu reaction and in the Hammick reaction.SDS of cas: 98-98-6

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Mohan, Midhun; Essalhi, Mohamed; Zaye, Sarah; Rana, Love Karan; Maris, Thierry; Duong, Adam published an article in 2021. The article was titled 《Hydrogen Bond Patterns of Dipyridone and Bis(Hydroxypyridinium) Cations》, and you may find the article in ACS Omega.Application of 624-28-2 The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Dipyridonyl-substituted derivatives I,II,III ( 2,3,4, resp.) of benzene, pyridine, and pyrazine, resp., were synthesized to examine the ability of 2-pyridone and its protonated species to direct the self-assembly by hydrogen bonding. Structural anal. by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) of 2 and 4 in trifluoroacetic acid demonstrated that salts are formed as a result of the transfer of protons from the acid to the base (organic species) to generate a bis(hydroxypyridinium) dication. However, if no proton transfer takes place like in the case of crystals of 3 grown from DMSO/H2O, the self-assembly is mainly directed by the typical R22(8) hydrogen bond motif of 2-pyridone. These results indicate that the process of converting a neutral 2-pyridonyl group into a hydroxypyridinium cation makes structure prediction difficult. Consequently, examination of proton transfer and assembly of dipyridone and its protonated species are of interest. In combination with SCXRD, Hirshfeld surface anal. (HSA) was also used to have a better understanding on the nature of intermol. interactions within crystal structures of 2-4. The large number of F···H/H···F, H···O/O···H, H···H, and H···C/C···H contacts revealed by HSA indicates that hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions mainly contribute to crystal packing. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as 2,5-Dibromopyridine(cas: 624-28-2Application of 624-28-2)

2,5-Dibromopyridine(cas: 624-28-2) belongs to pyridine. Pyridines form stable salts with strong acids. Pyridine itself is often used to neutralize acid formed in a reaction and as a basic solvent. Application of 624-28-2

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Wang, Fang; Qin, Jian; Zhu, Shengqing; Chu, Lingling published their research in RSC Advances in 2021. The article was titled 《Organic-photoredox-catalyzed three-component sulfonylative pyridylation of styrenes》.Application of 100-48-1 The article contains the following contents:

An efficient, metal-free protocol for the three-component sulfonylative pyridylation of alkenes via organic-photoredox catalysis was described. Metal-free process enabled the direct and selective installation of sulfonyl and heteroaryl motifs and tolerated a wide array of functional groups as well as complex mol. scaffolds, which complemented previous methods and was of great interest in pharmaceutical research. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Cyanopyridine(cas: 100-48-1Application of 100-48-1)

4-Cyanopyridine(cas: 100-48-1) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine is very deactivated towards electrophilic substitution with respect to benzene. For this reason classical formylation, using methods such as the Gattermann or Vilsmeier reactions, are not generally successful. Application of 100-48-1

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

In 2019,Molecules included an article by Fang, Mingxi; Xia, Shuai; Bi, Jianheng; Wigstrom, Travis P.; Valenzano, Loredana; Wang, Jianbo; Tanasova, Marina; Luck, Rudy L.; Liu, Haiying. Electric Literature of C12H13N3. The article was titled 《Detecting Zn(II) ions in live cells with near-infrared fluorescent probes》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Two near-IR fluorescent probes (A and B) containing hemicyanine structures appended to dipicolylamine (DPA), and a dipicolylamine derivative where one pyridine was substituted with pyrazine, resp., were synthesized and tested for the identification of Zn(II) ions in live cells. In both probes, an acetyl group is attached to the phenolic oxygen atom of the hemicyanine platform to decrease the probe fluorescence background. Probe A displays sensitive fluorescence responses and binds preferentially to Zn(II) ions over other metal ions such as Cd2+ ions with a low detection limit of 0.45 nM. In contrast, the emission spectra of probe B is not significantly affected if Zn(II) ions are added. Probe A possesses excellent membrane permeability and low cytotoxicity, allowing for sensitive imaging of both exogenously supplemented Zn(II) ions in live cells, and endogenously releases Zn(II) ions in cells after treatment of 2,2-dithiodipyridine. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amine(cas: 1539-42-0Electric Literature of C12H13N3)

Bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amine(cas: 1539-42-0) is a secondary amine with two picolyl substituents. As a tridentate ligand this compound provides three nitrogen donors that affords good selectivity for Zn2+ over biologically relevant metals such as Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+, and leaves coordination sites free for anion binding. Electric Literature of C12H13N3

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

In 2017,Molecules included an article by Xu, Shan; Sun, Chengyu; Chen, Chen; Zheng, Pengwu; Zhou, Yong; Zhou, Hongying; Zhu, Wufu. Application of 1158763-55-3. The article was titled 《Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 8-morpholinoimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine derivatives bearing phenylpyridine/phenylpyrimidine-carboxamides》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Three series of novel 8-morpholinoimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine derivatives bearing phenylpyridine/phenylpyrimidine-carboxamides I [R = H, 4-Me, 3-F, etc.], II and III [R1 = H, 4-Me, 4-OMe, etc.] were designed and synthesized. All the compounds were evaluated for their IC50 values against three cancer cell lines (A549, PC-3 and MCF-7). Most of the target compounds exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against the three cancer cell lines. Two selected compounds III [R1 = 4-Me, 4-OMe] were further tested for their activity against PI3Kα kinase, and the results indicated that compound III [R1 = 4-OMe] showed inhibitory activity against PI3Kα kinase with an IC50 value of 1.25 μM. Structure-activity relationships (SARs) and pharmacol. results indicated that the replacement of the thiopyranopyrimidine with an imidazopyrazine was beneficial for the activity and the position of aryl group had a significant influence to the activity of these compounds The compounds II in which an aryl group substituted at the C-4 position of the pyridine ring were more active than I substituted at the C-5 position. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of compounds III bearing phenylpyrimidine-carboxamides was better than that of the compounds I and II bearing phenylpyridine-carboxamides. Furthermore, the substituents on the benzene ring also had a significant impact on the cytotoxicity and the pharmacol. results showed that electron donating groups were beneficial to the cytotoxicity. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of 5-(3-Fluorophenyl)picolinic acid(cas: 1158763-55-3Application of 1158763-55-3)

5-(3-Fluorophenyl)picolinic acid(cas: 1158763-55-3) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The ring atoms in the pyridine molecule are sp2-hybridized. The nitrogen is involved in the π-bonding aromatic system using its unhybridized p orbital. Application of 1158763-55-3 Pyridine has a conjugated system of six π electrons that are delocalized over the ring.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem