Category: pyridine-derivatives

In 2022,Konda, Yesuraju; Ankireddy, Ashok Reddy; Velavalapalli, Vani Madhuri; Paidikondala, Kalyani; Pasula, Aparna; Gundla, Rambabu published an article in Russian Journal of General Chemistry. The title of the article was 《Synthesis, Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibition and Antibacterial Activities of the New Chiral (R)-3,3′-Disubstituted BINOL-Phosphates》.SDS of cas: 197958-29-5 The author mentioned the following in the article:

A new class of 3,3′-disubstituted chiral (R)-BINOL-derived phosphoric acid derivatives has been prepared The synthetic method has been optimized by involving Pd/C as a catalyst in the Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling using a non-protected BINOL derivative The target compounds have been characterized and tested for their α-glucosidase inhibitory and antibacterial activities.2-Pyridinylboronic acid(cas: 197958-29-5SDS of cas: 197958-29-5) was used in this study.

2-Pyridinylboronic acid(cas: 197958-29-5) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine’s structure is isoelectronic with that of benzene, but its properties are quite different. Pyridine is completely miscible with water, whereas benzene is only slightly soluble. Like all hydrocarbons, benzene is neutral (in the acid–base sense), but because of its nitrogen atom, pyridine is a weak base.SDS of cas: 197958-29-5

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Matern, Jonas; Baeumer, Nils; Fernandez, Gustavo published an article in 2021. The article was titled 《Unraveling Halogen Effects in Supramolecular Polymerization》, and you may find the article in Journal of the American Chemical Society.SDS of cas: 2510-22-7 The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Halogens play a crucial role in numerous natural processes and synthetic materials due to their unique physicochem. properties and the diverse interactions they can engage in. In the field of supramol. polymerization, however, halogen effects remain poorly understood, and investigations were restricted to halogen bonding or the inclusion of polyfluorinated side groups. Recent contributions from our group revealed that chlorine ligands greatly influence mol. packing and pathway complexity phenomena of various metal complexes. These results prompted us to explore the role of the halogen nature on supramol. polymerization, a phenomenon that remained unexplored to date. To address this issue, the authors designed a series of archetypal bispyridyldihalogen PtII complexes bearing chlorine (1), bromine (2), or iodine (3) and systematically compared their supramol. polymerization in nonpolar media using various exptl. methods and theory. The studies reveal a remarkably different supramol. polymerization for the three compounds, which can undergo two competing pathways with either slipped (kinetic) or parallel (thermodn.) mol. packing. The halogen exerts an inverse effect on the energetic levels of the two self-assembled states, resulting in a single thermodn. pathway for 3, a transient kinetic species for 2, and a hidden thermodn. state for 1. This seesaw-like bias of the energy landscape can be traced back to the involvement of the halogens in weak N-H···X hydrogen-bonding interactions in the kinetic pathway, whereas in the thermodn. pathway the halogens are not engaged in the stabilizing interaction motif but rather amplify solvophobic effects. After reading the article, we found that the author used 4-Ethynylpyridine(cas: 2510-22-7SDS of cas: 2510-22-7)

4-Ethynylpyridine(cas: 2510-22-7) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine derivatives lend themselves to many roles in the spirited field of supramolecular chemistry – whether as the ligand backbone of metal-organic polymers or presiding over the key electronic stations of nanodevices. In biochemistry, pyridine-containing cofactors are necessary nutrients on which our lives depend. SDS of cas: 2510-22-7

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Clarke, Coby J.; Morgan, Patrick J.; Hallett, Jason P.; Licence, Peter published an article in 2021. The article was titled 《Linking the the Thermal and Electronic Properties of Functional Dicationic Salts with their Molecular Structures》, and you may find the article in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering.HPLC of Formula: 626-05-1 The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The two major properties that underpin ionic liquids are tunability and the potential to create task-specific media. Together, these properties allow ionic liquids to surpass the roles long held by traditional mol. solvents. However, at elevated temperatures or under prolonged heating, the structural components that impart such properties decompose or degrade. Dicationic pyridine salts present new opportunities to extend functionality and tunability to high temperatures because they are coordinating and thermally robust. In this work, we present three structurally related series of dicationic pyridine salts, which have been characterized by a wide array of techniques to link thermal and electronic properties to structural variation. The phase transitions and thermal stabilities of the salts were significantly influenced by small structural changes, and several new candidates for high-temperature-based applications were identified. The electron d., and therefore the electron donating ability, of the pyridine functional group could also be controlled by structural variation of cations and anions. Therefore, dicationic pyridine salts are highly tunable choices for task-specific solvents at elevated temperatures Importantly, thermally robust solvents not only extend operational ranges but also reduce the need to replace or replenish solvents that degrade over time at temperatures commonly employed in industrial settings (i.e., 150-200°C); solvent lifetimes are extended, and production is reduced. This is a critical requirement for complex media such as ionic liquids, which have high economic and environmental production costs. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of 2,6-Dibromopyridine(cas: 626-05-1HPLC of Formula: 626-05-1)

2,6-Dibromopyridine(cas: 626-05-1) belongs to pyridine. When pyridine is adsorbed on oxide surfaces or in porous materials, the following species are commonly observed: (i) pyridine coordinated to Lewis acid sites, (ii) pyridine H-bonded to weakly acidic hydroxyls, and (iii) protonated pyridine. At high coverage, physisorbed pyridine and protonated dimers can also be observed.HPLC of Formula: 626-05-1

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Madide, Thobeka; Somboro, Anou M.; Amoako, Daniel G.; Khumalo, Hezekiel M.; Khan, Rene B. published an article in 2021. The article was titled 《Di-2-picolylamine triggers caspase-independent apoptosis by inducing oxidative stress in human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cells》, and you may find the article in Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry.Application of 1539-42-0 The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The basis of this study was to determine the effects of DPA on the proliferation and apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and elucidate the possible mechanisms. The methylthiazol tetrazolium assay served to measure cell viability and generated an IC50 of 1591μM. Luminometry was used to investigate caspase activity and ATP concentration It was observed that the decreased cell viability was associated with reduced ATP levels. Despite increased Bax and caspase 9 activity, cell death was caspase independent as indicated by the reduction in caspase 3/7 activity. This was associated with the downregulation poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage (Western blotting). However, the Hoescht assay depicted nuclear condensation and apoptotic body formation with elevated DPA levels suggesting DNA damage in HepG2 cells. DNA damage assessed by the comet assay confirmed an increased comet tail formation. The presence of oxidative stress was investigated by quantifying reactive species (malondialdehyde and nitrates concentration) and Western blotting to confirm the expression of antioxidant proteins. The DPA increased lipid peroxidation (RNS), a marker of oxidative stress, consequently causing cell death. The accompanying upregulation of stress-associated proteins superoxide dismutase (SOD2), nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), and Hsp70 verifies oxidative stress. In addition to this study using Bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amine, there are many other studies that have used Bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amine(cas: 1539-42-0Application of 1539-42-0) was used in this study.

Bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amine(cas: 1539-42-0) is a secondary amine with two picolyl substituents. As a tridentate ligand this compound provides three nitrogen donors that affords good selectivity for Zn2+ over biologically relevant metals such as Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+, and leaves coordination sites free for anion binding. Application of 1539-42-0

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Kurose, Ayako; Ishida, Yuto; Hirata, Goki; Nishikata, Takashi published their research in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2021. The article was titled 《Direct α-Tertiary Alkylations of Ketones in a Combined Copper-Organocatalyst System》.Product Details of 1122-54-9 The article contains the following contents:

Herein, we report an efficient method for the tertiary alkylation of a ketone by using an α-bromocarbonyl compound as the tertiary alkyl source in a combined Cu-organocatalyst system. This dual catalyst system enables the addition of a tertiary alkyl radical to an enamine. Mechanistic studies revealed that the catalytically generated enamine is a key intermediate in the catalytic cycle. The developed method can be used to synthesize substituted 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds containing quaternary carbons bearing various alkyl chains. The experimental process involved the reaction of 4-Acetylpyridine(cas: 1122-54-9Product Details of 1122-54-9)

4-Acetylpyridine(cas: 1122-54-9) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine is very deactivated towards electrophilic substitution with respect to benzene. For this reason classical formylation, using methods such as the Gattermann or Vilsmeier reactions, are not generally successful. Product Details of 1122-54-9

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Yin, Chengyang; Liu, Shuang; Qin, Zhaoxian; Zhang, Yifei; Li, Gao; Zhao, Zhen published their research in European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry in 2021. The article was titled 《Butterfly-Like Tetranuclear Copper(I) Clusters for Efficient Alkyne Homocoupling Reactions》.Application of 2510-22-7 The article contains the following contents:

In this work, we here prepare a new tetranuclear CuI cluster with a precise configuration of Cu4(PPh3)4(bis(prop-2-ynyloxy)biphenyl)2. X-ray single-crystal diffraction shows that the bi-alkynyl ligands bind to two Cu atoms via a σ-bond and to the other two Cu atoms via a π-bond configuration, presenting a new alkynyl-Cu motif and a butterfly-like framework. Cu4(PPh3)4L2 clusters exhibit photoluminescence property at 410 and 505 nm. Cu4(PPh3)4L2 clusters also give good performances in the alkyne homocoupling reactions after its immobilization on different oxides. The copper(I) species is proved to be the catalytic active site during the homocoupling reactions. And the basic property of the oxides (e. g. NiO) can promote the coupling catalysis, and a side-group effect of the alkyne reactants is distinctly observed In all, this study extends the catalytic application of the copper clusters to the carbon-carbon coupling reactions and gives some cue to develop the potential exploitation of copper clusters in other organic transformations. In addition to this study using 4-Ethynylpyridine, there are many other studies that have used 4-Ethynylpyridine(cas: 2510-22-7Application of 2510-22-7) was used in this study.

4-Ethynylpyridine(cas: 2510-22-7) belongs to pyridine. Pyridines are often used as catalysts or reagents; particular notice has been paid recently to how pyridine coordinates to metal centers enabling a wide range of valuable reactions. Application of 2510-22-7

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

《Design, synthesis, and evaluation of substituted 2-acylamide-1,3-benzo[d]zole analogues as agents against MDR- and XDR-MTB》 was written by Li, Dongsheng; Liu, Chao; Jiang, Xinhai; Lin, Yuan; Zhang, Jing; Li, Yan; You, Xuefu; Jiang, Wei; Chen, Minghua; Xu, Yanni; Si, Shuyi. Reference of 2-(Bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2021. The article conveys some information:

N-(5-chlorobenzo[d]oxazol-2-yl)-4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole-5-carboxamide has been identified as a potent inhibitor of Mtb H37Rv, with a min. inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.42μM. In this study, a series of substituted 2-acylamide-1,3-zole analogs e.g., 4-methyl-N-(naphtho[1,2-d]oxazol-2-yl)-1,2,3-thiadiazole-5-carboxamide were designed and synthesized, and their anti-Mtb activities were analyzed. In total, some compounds were found to be potent anti-Mtb agents, especially against the MDR- and XDR-MTB strains, with MIC values < 10μM. These analogs can inhibit both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant Mtb. Four representative compounds were selected for further profiling, and the results indicate that compound 4-methyl-N-(5-(pyridin-2-yl)benzo[d]oxazol-2-yl)-1,2,3-thiadiazole-5-carboxamide is acceptably safe and has favorable pharmacokinetic (PK) properties. In addition, this compound displays potent activity against Gram-pos. bacteria, with MIC values in the range of 1.48-11.86μM. The data obtained herein suggest that promising anti-Mtb candidates may be developed via structural modification, and that further research is needed to explore other compounds In the experiment, the researchers used 2-(Bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide(cas: 31106-82-8Reference of 2-(Bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide)

2-(Bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide(cas: 31106-82-8) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine is widely used in the precursor to agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. Also, it is used as an important reagent and organic solvent.Reference of 2-(Bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

《Synthesis of Pd@graphene oxide framework nanocatalyst with enhanced activity in Heck-Mizoroki cross-coupling reaction》 was written by Shekarizadeh, Arezoo; Azadi, Roya. Computed Properties of C5H5BrN2 And the article was included in Applied Organometallic Chemistry in 2020. The article conveys some information:

A new method was developed for producing a catalyst involving a Pd nanoparticle (NP) embedded in a graphene oxide framework (Pd@GOF) with ordered macro- and mesoporous structures. First, 5,5′-diamino-2,2′-bipyridine was selected as crosslinking for covalent modification of GO nanosheets to prepare a 3-dimensional (3D) framework with interlayer spaces in which well-dispersed and ultra-small Pd NPs in situ grew and embedded the framework. The synthesized nanopores 3D Pd@GOF can act as nanoreactors to help the reaction substrates thoroughly come into contact with the surface of Pd NPs, thereby exhibiting high activity toward the Heck reaction, rarely reported concerning Pd NPs supported on 1-side functionalized graphene. The Pd@GOF catalyst can be used 10 times without any significant loss in the catalytic activity, confirming the long-term stability of this catalyst. The covalently assembled GOF was proposed as a universal platform for hosting noble metal NPs to construct the desired metal@GOF nanocatalyst with improved activity and stability that can be used in a broad range of practical applications. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as 6-Bromopyridin-3-amine(cas: 13534-97-9Computed Properties of C5H5BrN2)

6-Bromopyridin-3-amine(cas: 13534-97-9) belongs to anime. Primary amines having a tertiary alkyl group (R3CNH2) are difficult to prepare with most methods but are made industrially by the Ritter reaction. In this method a tertiary alcohol reacts with hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in the presence of a concentrated strong acid; a formamide, RNH―CHO, is formed first, which then undergoes hydrolysis.Computed Properties of C5H5BrN2

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

《Synthesis and antifungal activity of imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine derivatives against phytopathogenic fungi》 was written by Fan, Lingling; Luo, Zhongfu; Li, Yi; Liu, Xinyun; Fan, Judi; Xue, Wei; Tang, Lei; Li, Yong. Formula: C5H6BNO2 And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2020. The article conveys some information:

A series of 3,6-disubstituted imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine derivatives were synthesized and characterized with spectroscopic analyses. The antifungal activities of these compounds against nine phytopathogenic fungi were evaluated by the mycelium growth rate method. The in vitro antifungal bioassays indicated that most of compounds displayed excellent and broad-spectrum antifungal activities. Especially, compounds 6-chloro-3-phenylimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine, 6-chloro-3-(2-fluorophenyl)imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine, 6-chloro-3-(2-chlorophenyl)imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine, 6-chloro-3-(thiophen-3-yl)imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine and 6-methoxy-3-phenylimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine exhibited 1.9-25.5 fold more potent than the com. available fungicide hymexazol against Corn Curvalaria Leaf Spot (CL), Alternaria alternate (AA), Pyricularia oryzae (PO) and Alternaria brassicae (AB) strains. Structure-activity relation anal. showed that the enhanced antifungal activity is significantly affected by the substituents on the benzene ring and pyridazine ring. After reading the article, we found that the author used Pyridin-3-ylboronic acid(cas: 1692-25-7Formula: C5H6BNO2)

Pyridin-3-ylboronic acid(cas: 1692-25-7) belongs to pyridine. Pyridines form stable salts with strong acids. Pyridine itself is often used to neutralize acid formed in a reaction and as a basic solvent. Formula: C5H6BNO2

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

《Visible-Light-Enabled Ortho-Selective Aminopyridylation of Alkenes with N-Aminopyridinium Ylides》 was published in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2020. These research results belong to Moon, Yonghoon; Lee, Wooseok; Hong, Sungwoo. COA of Formula: C6H4N2 The article mentions the following:

By utilizing an underexplored reactivity mode of N-aminopyridinium ylides, we developed the visible-light-induced ortho-selective aminopyridylation of alkenes via radical-mediated 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition The photocatalyzed single-electron oxidation of N-aminopyridinium ylides generates the corresponding radical cations that enable previously inaccessible 1,3-cycloaddition with a broader range of alkene substrates. The resulting cycloaddition adducts rapidly undergo subsequent homolytic cleavage of the N-N bond, conferring a substantial thermodn. driving force to yield various β-aminoethylpyridines. Remarkably, amino and pyridyl groups can be installed into both activated and unactivated alkenes with modular control of ortho-selectivity and 1,2-syn-diastereoselectivity under metal-free and mild conditions. Combined exptl. and computational studies are conducted to clarify the detailed reaction mechanism and the origins of site selectivity and diastereoselectivity. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of 4-Cyanopyridine(cas: 100-48-1COA of Formula: C6H4N2)

4-Cyanopyridine(cas: 100-48-1) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine’s structure is isoelectronic with that of benzene, but its properties are quite different. Pyridine is completely miscible with water, whereas benzene is only slightly soluble. Like all hydrocarbons, benzene is neutral (in the acid–base sense), but because of its nitrogen atom, pyridine is a weak base.COA of Formula: C6H4N2

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem