Pyridine-derivatives

In 2019,Neurobiology of Aging included an article by Jacobs, Kelly R.; Lim, Chai K.; Blennow, Kaj; Zetterberg, Henrik; Chatterjee, Pratishtha; Martins, Ralph N.; Brew, Bruce J.; Guillemin, Gilles J.; Lovejoy, David B.. HPLC of Formula: 98-98-6. The article was titled 《Correlation between plasma and CSF concentrations of kynurenine pathway metabolites in Alzheimer’s disease and relationship to amyloid-β and tau》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Chronic kynurenine pathway (KP) activation is implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathophysiol. and results in quinolinic acid-induced excitotoxic stimulation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. However, most studies focus on plasma and it is unclear if peripheral concentrations reflect brain concentrations and how these may correlate to the AD biomarkers amyloid-β, total-tau (t-tau), or phosphorylated-tau (p-tau). We characterized the KP in matched plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 20 AD patients and 18 age-matched control subjects. Plasma concentrations of kynurenine (KYN), 3-hydroxykynurenine, anthranilic acid, picolinic acid, and neopterin significantly correlated with their resp. CSF levels. In patients with AD, plasma KYN (r = -0.48, p = 0.033) and picolinic acid (r = -0.57, p = 0.009) inversely correlated with CSF p-tau and t-tau, resp. Furthermore, in AD CSF, increased 3-hydroxykynurenine/KYN ratio correlated with t-tau (r = 0.58, p = 0.009) and p-tau (r = 0.52, p = 0.020). These data support KP involvement in AD pathogenesis and add to the case for the therapeutic modulation of the KP in AD. In addition to this study using Picolinic acid, there are many other studies that have used Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6HPLC of Formula: 98-98-6) was used in this study.

Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6) is used in the preparation of 2-Aminodihydro[1,3]thiazines as BACE 2 inhibitors and their preparation and use in the treatment of diabetes.HPLC of Formula: 98-98-6

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

In 2019,Biosensors & Bioelectronics included an article by Song, Juan; Ni, Jiancong; Wang, Qinghua; Chen, Huangcan; Gao, Feng; Lin, Zhenyu; Wang, Qingxiang. Reference of Picolinic acid. The article was titled 《A planar and uncharged copper(II)-picolinic acid chelate: Its intercalation to duplex DNA by experimental and theoretical studies and electrochemical sensing application》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Using an external redox-active mol. as a DNA hybridization indicator is still a popular strategy in electrochem. DNA biosensors because it is label-free and the multi-site binding can enhance the response signal. A planar and uncharged transition metal complex, Cu(PA)2 (PA = picolinic acid) with excellent electrochem. activity has been synthesized and its interaction with double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) is studied by exptl. electrochem. methods and theor. mol. docking technol. The exptl. results reveal that the copper complex interacts with dsDNA via specific intercalation, which is verified by the mol. docking result. The surface-based voltammetric anal. demonstrates that the planar Cu(PA)2 can effectively accumulate within the electrode-confined hybridized duplex DNA rather than the single-stranded probe DNA. Based on this phenomenon, the Cu(PA)2 is utilized as an electrochem. hybridization indicator for the detection of oligonucleotides. The sensing assays show that upon incubation in Cu(PA)2 solution, the probe electrode does not display any Faraday signal, but the hybridized one has a pair of strong redox peaks corresponding to the electrochem. of Cu(PA)2, showing excellent hybridization indicating function of Cu(PA)2 without background interference. The signal intensity of Cu(PA)2 is dependent on the concentrations of the target oligonucleotide ranging from 1 fM to 100 nM with an exptl. detection limit of 1.0 fM. Due to the specific intercalation of Cu(PA)2 with dsDNA, the biosensor also exhibits good ability to recognize oligonucleotide with different base mismatching degree. After reading the article, we found that the author used Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6Reference of Picolinic acid)

Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6) is used in the preparation of 2-Aminodihydro[1,3]thiazines as BACE 2 inhibitors and their preparation and use in the treatment of diabetes.Reference of Picolinic acid

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

The author of 《Cocrystals of Leflunomide: Design, Structural, and Physicochemical Evaluation》 were Cadden, Joseph; Klooster, Wim T.; Coles, Simon J.; Aitipamula, Srinivasulu. And the article was published in Crystal Growth & Design in 2019. Synthetic Route of C6H5NO2 The author mentioned the following in the article:

The use of cocrystn. as a tool to improve the pharmaceutical profile of the low-solubility drug leflunomide, used in the treatment of arthritis, is herein evaluated. Judicious selection of coformers based upon knowledge-based strategy and crystal engineering principles resulted in new cocrystals with pyrogallol, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2-picolinic acid, and 2-aminopyrimidine. Characterization and structure determination of these systems were performed using x-ray diffraction. Crystal structure anal. revealed that the H bonding in the crystal structures corroborates well with the knowledge-based prediction tool. Physicochem. properties such as thermal behavior, stability, solubility, and dissolution rate of the pharmaceutically acceptable cocrystals were evaluated to assess their impact on the pharmaceutical profile of leflunomide. When compared with their parent compound leflunomide and the phys. mixtures, cocrystals exhibit improved physicochem. properties, showing their potential for development of new solid dosage forms. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6Synthetic Route of C6H5NO2)

Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6) is used in the preparation of 2-Aminodihydro[1,3]thiazines as BACE 2 inhibitors and their preparation and use in the treatment of diabetes.Synthetic Route of C6H5NO2

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

《Scalable and Phosphine-Free Conversion of Alcohols to Carbon-Heteroatom Bonds through Blue-Light Promoted Iodination Reaction》 was published in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2020. These research results belong to Liu, Bin; Elder, W. Zachary; Miyake, Garret M.. Recommanded Product: 2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)pyridine The article mentions the following:

A simple route toward the diverse conversion of alcs. via an SN2 pathway, in which blue light promoted iodination is used to form alkyl iodide intermediates from simple unreactive alcs. ROH [R = hex-5-yn-1-yl, 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl, cyclopentyl, etc.] was reported. The scope of the process tolerates a range of nucleophiles R1H [R1 = CN, (4-bromophenyl)carbonyloxidanyl, quinolin-6-yloxidanyl, (furan-2-yl)carbonyloxy, etc.] to construct C-N, C-O, C-S, and C-C bonds. Furthermore, this method can be used for the preparation and late stage functionalization of pharmaceuticals, as highlighted by the synthesis of thiocarlide, butoxycaine, and pramoxine. In the experiment, the researchers used 2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)pyridine(cas: 103-74-2Recommanded Product: 2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)pyridine)

2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)pyridine(cas: 103-74-2) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine is widely used in the precursor to agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. Also, it is used as an important reagent and organic solvent.Recommanded Product: 2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)pyridine

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

《Gold-Catalyzed Alkynylative Meyer-Schuster Rearrangement》 was published in Organic Letters in 2020. These research results belong to Banerjee, Somsuvra; Ambegave, Shivhar B.; Mule, Ravindra D.; Senthilkumar, Beeran; Patil, Nitin T.. Formula: C6H4BrNO The article mentions the following:

In the presence of a (methylbenzotriazole)(triphenylphosphine)gold(I) triflate, propargyl alcs. such as BuCCCH(OH)Ph underwent alkynylation and Meyer-Schuster rearrangement reactions with silylethynylbenziodoxolones such as TIPS-EBX to yield (E)-α-alkynyl-α,β-unsaturated ketones such as I. Mass spectroscopic observation of intermediates and control reactions indicate that a gold(III) intermediate is necessary to catalyze the Meyer-Schuster rearrangement, and that an alkynylgold(III) intermediate is formed and mediates the alkynylation reaction. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Bromonicotinaldehyde(cas: 128071-75-0Formula: C6H4BrNO)

2-Bromonicotinaldehyde(cas: 128071-75-0) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine is widely used in the precursor to agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. Also, it is used as an important reagent and organic solvent.Formula: C6H4BrNO

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

《One-Pot Synthesis of a Linear [4]Catenate Using Orthogonal Metal Templation and Ring-Closing Metathesis》 was published in Inorganic Chemistry in 2020. These research results belong to Colley, Nathan D.; Nosiglia, Mark A.; Li, Lei; Amir, Faheem; Chang, Christy; Greene, Angelique F.; Fisher, Jeremy M.; Li, Ruihan; Li, Xuesong; Barnes, Jonathan C.. SDS of cas: 624-28-2 The article mentions the following:

The efficient synthesis of well-defined, linear oligocatenanes possessing multiple mech. bonds remains a formidable challenge in the field of mech. interlocked mols. Here, a one-pot synthetic strategy is described to prepare a linear [4]catenate using orthogonal metal templation between a macrocycle precursor, composed of terpyridine and phenanthroline ligands spaced by flexible glycol linkers, and a closed phenanthroline-based mol. ring. Implementation of two simultaneous ring-closing metathesis reactions after metal complexation resulted in the formation of three mech. bonds. The linear [4]catenate product was isolated in 55% yield as a mixture of topol. diastereomers. The intermediate metal complexes and corresponding interlocked products (with and without metals) were characterized by NMR, mass spectrometry, gel permeation chromatog., and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. We envision that this general synthetic strategy may pave the way for the synthesis of higher order linear oligocatenates/catenanes with precise mol. weights and four or more interlocking mol. rings. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of 2,5-Dibromopyridine(cas: 624-28-2SDS of cas: 624-28-2)

2,5-Dibromopyridine(cas: 624-28-2) belongs to pyridine. Pyridines are often used as catalysts or reagents; particular notice has been paid recently to how pyridine coordinates to metal centers enabling a wide range of valuable reactions. SDS of cas: 624-28-2

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

《Cu2+-based distance measurements by pulsed EPR provide distance constraints for DNA backbone conformations in solution》 was published in Nucleic Acids Research in 2020. These research results belong to Ghosh, Shreya; Lawless, Matthew J.; Brubaker, Hanna J.; Singewald, Kevin; Kurpiewski, Michael R.; Jen-Jacobson, Linda; Saxena, Sunil. Recommanded Product: 1539-42-0 The article mentions the following:

ESR (EPR) has become an important tool to probe conformational changes in nucleic acids. An array of EPR labels for nucleic acids are available, but they often come at the cost of long tethers, are dependent on the presence of a particular nucleotide or can be placed only at the termini. Site directed incorporation of Cu2+-chelated to a ligand, 2,2’dipicolylamine (DPA) is potentially an attractive strategy for site-specific, nucleotide independent Cu2+-labeling in DNA. To fully understand the potential of this label, we undertook a systematic and detailed anal. of the Cu2+-DPA motif using EPR and mol. dynamics (MD) simulations. We used continuous wave EPR experiments to characterize Cu2+ binding to DPA as well as optimize Cu2+ loading conditions. We performed double electron-electron resonance (DEER) experiments at two frequencies to elucidate orientational selectivity effects. Furthermore, comparison of DEER and MD simulated distance distributions reveal a remarkable agreement in the most probable distances. The results illustrate the efficacy of the Cu2+-DPA in reporting on DNA backbone conformations for sufficiently long base pair separations This labeling strategy can serve as an important tool for probing conformational changes in DNA upon interaction with other macromols. In the experiment, the researchers used Bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amine(cas: 1539-42-0Recommanded Product: 1539-42-0)

Bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amine(cas: 1539-42-0) is a secondary amine with two picolyl substituents. As a tridentate ligand this compound provides three nitrogen donors that affords good selectivity for Zn2+ over biologically relevant metals such as Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+, and leaves coordination sites free for anion binding. Recommanded Product: 1539-42-0

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

《A cyanobiphenyl-based ratiometric fluorescent sensor for highly selective and sensitive detection of Zn2+》 was published in Inorganica Chimica Acta in 2020. These research results belong to Bie, Fusheng; Cao, Han; Yan, Peng; Cui, Haizhu; Shi, Yijun; Ma, Jie; Liu, Xuejing; Han, Ying. COA of Formula: C12H13N3 The article mentions the following:

A novel fluorescent sensor (BCN, I) based on cyanobiphenyl and di-2-picolylamine (DPA) was designed, synthesized and characterized by the UV-vis absorption, fluorescence spectra and NMR studies. This sensor demonstrated ratiometric response, high selectivity and sensitivity for the detection of Zn2+ without the interference of other metal ions particularly the Cd2+ in HEPES buffer/DMSO solution The Job’s plot, HRMS (high-resolution mass spectroscopy) and single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed the formation of 1:1 stoichiometry for BCN-Zn2+ complex. The binding constant (Ka) of the complex was determined to be 3.67 x 104 M-1 and the detection limit for Zn2+ was calculated to be 0.77μM. The entire results certificated that BCN can be an advantageous sensor for Zn2+ detection. After reading the article, we found that the author used Bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amine(cas: 1539-42-0COA of Formula: C12H13N3)

Bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amine(cas: 1539-42-0) is a secondary amine with two picolyl substituents. As a tridentate ligand this compound provides three nitrogen donors that affords good selectivity for Zn2+ over biologically relevant metals such as Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+, and leaves coordination sites free for anion binding. COA of Formula: C12H13N3

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

《Efficient synthesis of dibenzazepine lactams via a sequential Pd-catalyzed amination and aldol condensation reaction》 was published in Tetrahedron Letters in 2020. These research results belong to Song, Ha-Jeong; Yoon, Eunyoung; Heo, Jung-Nyoung. Quality Control of 2-Bromonicotinaldehyde The article mentions the following:

A simple and efficient reaction was developed for the synthesis of dibenzazepine lactam derivatives e.g., I. The core 7-membered azepine ring was formed by a stepwise sequence involving a palladium-catalyzed amination and an aldol condensation. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-Bromonicotinaldehyde(cas: 128071-75-0Quality Control of 2-Bromonicotinaldehyde)

2-Bromonicotinaldehyde(cas: 128071-75-0) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine is very deactivated towards electrophilic substitution with respect to benzene. For this reason classical formylation, using methods such as the Gattermann or Vilsmeier reactions, are not generally successful. Quality Control of 2-Bromonicotinaldehyde

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

《Zooming in on the hydrated imidazoline ring expansion: Factors influencing the rate of N → N’ aroyl migration in N-aroyl-N-(hetero)aryl ethylenediamines》 was written by Lavit, Kseniya; Reutskaya, Elena; Grintsevich, Sergey; Sapegin, Alexander; Krasavin, Mikhail. Product Details of 197958-29-5 And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2020. The article conveys some information:

The influence of electronic factors on the rates of N → N’ aroyl migration in N-aroyl-N-(hetero)aryl ethylenediamines was examined Electron-withdrawing substituents on the aroyl group weakly accelerate the reaction (in linear correlation with the Hammett σp constants). Much stronger influence came from the nitrogen-bound aromatic group which gave a strong linear correlation with the Hammett σ-p constants For electron-deficient heteroaromatics and nitroaroms., the migration was nearly instantaneous in basic medium. These findings will significantly impact the planning of mechanistically related transformations of N-(2-aminoethyl) lactams through the hydrated imidazoline ring expansion (HIRE) process. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of 2-Pyridinylboronic acid(cas: 197958-29-5Product Details of 197958-29-5)

2-Pyridinylboronic acid(cas: 197958-29-5) belongs to pyridine. Pyridines form stable salts with strong acids. Pyridine itself is often used to neutralize acid formed in a reaction and as a basic solvent. Product Details of 197958-29-5

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem