Tag: 100-200

Production of 2-hydroxyacetylfuran from lignocellulosics treated with ionic liquid-water mixtures was written by Yoshioka, Koichi;Yamada, Tatsuhiko;Ohno, Hiroyuki;Miyafuji, Hisashi. And the article was included in RSC Advances in 2015.Related Products of 628-13-7 This article mentions the following:

Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) was treated with 12 ionic liquid (IL)-water mixtures at 120 °C for 1 h. Production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, furfural and 2-hydroxyacetylfuran (2-HAF) was observed by HPLC and GC-MS. This is the first report to identify 2-HAF from lignocellulosics using ILs. The optimal IL-water mixture was found to be a 90% pyridinium chloride and 10% water weight/weight solution, although any IL-water mixture that contained pyridinium or imidazolium salts produced all three compounds in varying yields. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyridinehydrochloride (cas: 628-13-7Related Products of 628-13-7).

Pyridinehydrochloride (cas: 628-13-7) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridines are an important class of heterocycles and occur in polysubstituted forms in many naturally occurring biologically active compounds, drug molecules and chiral ligands. One of the examples of pyridines is the well-known alkaloid lithoprimidine, which is an A3 adenosine receptor antagonist and N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) analog, commonly used in organic synthesis.Related Products of 628-13-7

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Thermal degradation of esters/ethers derived from tartaric acid was written by Howell, Bob A.;Sun, Wenxiao. And the article was included in Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry in 2015.COA of Formula: C5H6ClN This article mentions the following:

Because of the increasing concern about the potential risks to human health presented by phthalate esters and, in particular, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate the development of non-toxic, environmentally-friendly plasticizers is rather urgent. Biobased materials derived from an annually renewable source are particularly attractive in this regard. A series of esters/ethers generated from tartaric acid, an edible, renewable byproduct of wine-making, has been synthesized and fully characterized using chromatog., spectroscopic and thermal methods. The thermal degradation characteristics of these compounds have been established using thermogravimetry and IR spectroscopy. These materials are stable to temperatures approaching 200 °C and degrade via elimination processes. They should function as effective plasticizers for a variety of polymeric materials including poly(vinyl chloride). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyridinehydrochloride (cas: 628-13-7COA of Formula: C5H6ClN).

Pyridinehydrochloride (cas: 628-13-7) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The ring atoms in the pyridine molecule are sp2-hybridized. The nitrogen is involved in the π-bonding aromatic system using its unhybridized p orbital. The lone pair is in an sp2 orbital, projecting outward from the ring in the same plane as the σ bonds. Several pyridine derivatives play important roles in biological systems. While its biosynthesis is not fully understood, nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) occurs in some bacteria, fungi, and mammals.COA of Formula: C5H6ClN

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

New Triazacycloalkane Derivatives as Cytotoxic Agents for CLL Treatment: From Proof of Concept to the Targeting Biomolecule was written by Marlin, Axia;Le Pape, Fiona;Le Goff, Jocelyn;Hamon, Nadege;Troadec, Thibault;Tripier, Raphael;Berthou, Christian;Patinec, Veronique. And the article was included in Bioconjugate Chemistry in 2022.Safety of (4-Bromopyridin-2-yl)methanol This article mentions the following:

The 1,4,7-tris-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane ligand (no3py) and its bifunctional analog no3pyCOOK were synthesized to investigate their action toward zinc(II) depletion related to the apoptosis phenomenon in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. no3py was used as the “free” ligand, while its “graftable” derivative was conjugated on a newly synthesized bifunctional sialoglycan, 6′-SL-NH₂, selected to specifically bind CD22 biomarker expressed on the B-CLL cell surface. Both compounds were produced with good yields thanks to a Sonogashira coupling reaction and an orthoester function, resp., for the chelator and the targeting moiety. The newly reported bioconjugate 6′-SL-no3py was then obtained through a peptidic coupling reaction. Biol. in vitro studies of no3py and 6′-SL-no3py consisting of real-time detection of cell health (cytotoxicity and proliferation) and caspases 3/7 activation (crucial enzymes whose activation triggers cell death signaling pathways) have been investigated. First, Ramos, Daudi, and Raji B-cell lines, which present different sensitivity to zinc(II) content variation, were incubated with no3py and 6′-SL-no3py. Then, a videomicroscope allowed the real-time monitoring of the morphol. changes leading to cell death from the detection of the cytotoxicity, the antiproliferative effect, and the caspasic activity. In terms of mechanism, the Zn²⁺ chelator cytotoxic effect of no3py has been evidenced by a culture medium ion supplementation study and by the decrease of intracellular fluorescence of Zn-specific fluorophore zinquin in the presence of no3py and 6′-SL-no3py chelators. Finally, flow cytometry anal. with classical Annexin V staining was conducted to detect no3py- and 6′-SL-no3py-induced apoptotic cell death in B-CLL cells. Time-course anal., using the Incucyte Live-Cell Anal. System, demonstrated that no3py induced cell death in a time- and dose-dependent manner with variability across cell lines. 6′-SL-no3py exhibited the same dose-dependent trend as no3py, showing the efficiency of the targeting moiety. In both cases, the chelators depicted proliferation curves that were inversely correlated with kinetic death. Morphol. changes specific to apoptosis and caspase 3/7 activation were observed for the three cell lines treated with no3py and 6′-SL-no3py, highlighting their role as apoptotic agents. A higher concentration of 6′-SL-no3py is needed to reach 50% of the B-CLL mortality, confirming a targeting of the chelator to the cell membrane. Overall, our results proved that the biol. properties of the triazamacrocyclic chelator still remain even after addition of the targeting moiety. The free chelator as well as the bioconjugate constitute promising cytotoxic agents for CLL therapy through apoptosis induction. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Bromopyridin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 131747-45-0Safety of (4-Bromopyridin-2-yl)methanol).

(4-Bromopyridin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 131747-45-0) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridines are an important class of heterocycles and occur in polysubstituted forms in many naturally occurring biologically active compounds, drug molecules and chiral ligands. Reduced pyridines, namely tetrahydropyridines, dihydropyridines and piperidines, are found in numerous natural and synthetic compounds. The synthesis and reactivity of these compounds have often been driven by the fact many of these compounds have interesting and unique pharmacological properties. Safety of (4-Bromopyridin-2-yl)methanol

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Studies on anticoccidial agents. 12. Synthesis and anticoccidial activity of methyl-2(6)-nitro- and -3(5)-nitropyridinecarboxamides was written by Morisawa, Yasuhiro;Kataoka, Mitsuru;Sakamoto, Toshiaki;Nagahori, Hitoshi;Kitano, Noritoshi;Kusano, Kenichi. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 1978.COA of Formula: C7H10N2 This article mentions the following:

Twelve methyl-2-nitro- and 9 methyl-3-nitropyridinecarboxamides were prepared and tested in vivo for anticoccidial activity against Eimeria tenella. Almost all the compounds were active, with optimal activity shown by 5-methyl- (I) [65169-65-5] and 6-methyl-2-nitroisonicotinamide (II) [60780-18-9], which were as potent as 2-nitroisonicotinamide. At least 1 H atom adjacent to the NO₂ group is important for anticoccidial activity and a Me group adjacent to the CONH₂ function sometimes enhances activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,6-Dimethyl-2-pyridinamine (cas: 823-61-0COA of Formula: C7H10N2).

3,6-Dimethyl-2-pyridinamine (cas: 823-61-0) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The ring atoms in the pyridine molecule are sp2-hybridized. The nitrogen is involved in the π-bonding aromatic system using its unhybridized p orbital. The lone pair is in an sp2 orbital, projecting outward from the ring in the same plane as the σ bonds. Pyridine, its benzo and pyridine-based compounds play diverse roles in organic chemistry. Pyridine-based materials are valued for their optical and physical properties as well as their medical potential. COA of Formula: C7H10N2

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

2-Oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid derivatives with potent gastric antisecretory properties was written by Santilli, Arthur A.;Scotese, Anthony C.;Bauer, Raymond F.;Bell, Stanley C.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 1987.Name: 2-(Methylamino)nicotinonitrile This article mentions the following:

The syntheses of 2-oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid derivatives, e.g., I (R = H, Me, Et, Pr, allyl, etc.; R¹ = NH₂, 4-methylpiperazinyl, etc.; R² = H, Me), having potent gastric antisecretory properties in the Shay rat model are described. Two of the more potent compounds tested that were selected for more detailed dose-response evaluation were I (R = Et, R¹ = NH₂, R² = H; II) and I (R = Et, R¹ = 4-methylpiperazinyl, R² = Me; III). II and III lowered total acid output in a dose-related fashion, were more potent than cimetidine, and showed inhibitory activity in food-stimulated acid secretion in the Pavlov dog. The mechanism of action for this series is not known. Details of structure-activity relationships are described. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(Methylamino)nicotinonitrile (cas: 52583-87-6Name: 2-(Methylamino)nicotinonitrile).

2-(Methylamino)nicotinonitrile (cas: 52583-87-6) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a conjugated system of six π electrons that are delocalized over the ring. The molecule is planar and, thus, follows the Hückel criteria for aromatic systems. Pyridine, its benzo and pyridine-based compounds play diverse roles in organic chemistry. Pyridine-based materials are valued for their optical and physical properties as well as their medical potential. Name: 2-(Methylamino)nicotinonitrile

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Critical Assessment of the Formation of Ionic-Liquid-Based Aqueous Two-Phase Systems in Acidic Media was written by Claudio, Ana Filipa M.;Ferreira, Ana M.;Shahriari, Shahla;Freire, Mara G.;Coutinho, Joao A. P.. And the article was included in Journal of Physical Chemistry B in 2011.HPLC of Formula: 125652-55-3 This article mentions the following:

The ability of Na₂SO₄ and ionic liquids to induce the formation of acidic aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) is investigated. Ternary phase diagrams, tie lines, and tie-line lengths for several systems were determined and reported at 298 K and atm. pressure. Among the ionic liquids studied only those containing long alkyl side chains at the ions and/or anions with low hydrogen bond basicity are capable of undergoing liquid-liquid demixing in the presence of Na₂SO₄ aqueous solutions Besides the salting-out ability of the inorganic salt, the pH of the aqueous solution plays a crucial role toward the formation of ionic-liquid-based ATPS. In acidic media the range of ionic liquids that are able to undergo ATPS formation is substantially reduced when compared to alk. aqueous salt solutions The use of inorganic salts and ionic liquids to promote acidic ATPS is envisaged as particularly valuable in the extraction of compounds that exhibit low acid dissociation constants In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Butyl-3-methylpyridinium Chloride (cas: 125652-55-3HPLC of Formula: 125652-55-3).

1-Butyl-3-methylpyridinium Chloride (cas: 125652-55-3) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a dipole moment and a weaker resonant stabilization than benzene (resonance energy 117 kJ·mol−1 in pyridine vs. 150 kJ·mol−1 in benzene). Halopyridines are particularly attractive synthetic building blocks in a variety of cross-coupling methods, including the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction.HPLC of Formula: 125652-55-3

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Rh(III)-Catalyzed C-H Bond Addition/Amine-Mediated Cyclization of Bis-Michael Acceptors was written by Potter, Tyler J.;Ellman, Jonathan A.. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2016.SDS of cas: 4373-61-9 This article mentions the following:

A Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H bond addition/primary amine-promoted cyclization of bis-Michael acceptors is reported. The C-H bond addition step occurs with high chemoselectivity, and the subsequent intramol. Michael addition, mediated by a primary amine catalyst, sets three contiguous stereocenters with high diastereoselectivity. A broad range of directing groups and both aromatic and alkenyl C-H bonds were shown to be effective in this transformation, affording functionalized piperidines, tetrahydropyrans, and cyclohexanes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(m-Tolyl)pyridine (cas: 4373-61-9SDS of cas: 4373-61-9).

2-(m-Tolyl)pyridine (cas: 4373-61-9) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridines are an important class of heterocycles and occur in polysubstituted forms in many naturally occurring biologically active compounds, drug molecules and chiral ligands. Halopyridines are particularly attractive synthetic building blocks in a variety of cross-coupling methods, including the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction.SDS of cas: 4373-61-9

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Assessing the Impact of Electronic and Steric Tuning of the Ligand in the Spin State and Catalytic Oxidation Ability of the Fe^II(Pytacn) Family of Complexes was written by Prat, Irene;Company, Anna;Corona, Teresa;Parella, Teodor;Ribas, Xavi;Costas, Miquel. And the article was included in Inorganic Chemistry in 2013.Related Products of 315180-16-6 This article mentions the following:

A family of iron complexes [Fe^II(^R,R’Pytacn)(X)₂]ⁿ⁺ is described, where ^R,R’Pytacn is the tetradentate ligand 1-[(4-R’-6-R-2-pyridyl)methyl]-4,7-dimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane, where R refers to the group at the α-position of the pyridine, R’ corresponds to the group at the γ-position, and X denotes MeCN or CF₃SO₃. Herein, the authors study the influence of the pyridine substituents R and R’ on the electronic properties of the coordinated Fe center by a combination of structural and spectroscopic characterization using x-ray diffraction, ¹H NMR and UV-visible spectroscopies, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The electronic properties of the substituent in the γ-position of the pyridine ring (R’) modulate the strength of the ligand field, as shown by magnetic susceptibility measurements in CD₃CN solution, which provide a direct indication of the population of the magnetically active high-spin S = 2 ferrous state. Indeed, complexes [Fe^II(^H,R‘Pytacn)(CD₃CN)₂]²⁺ exist as mixtures of high-spin (S = 2) and low-spin (S = 0) complexes, and their effective magnetic moment directly correlates with the electron-releasing ability of R’. However, the substitution of the H atom in the α-position of the pyridine by a Me, Cl, or F group favors the high-spin state. The whole family of complexes was assayed in catalytic C-H and C=C oxidation reactions with H₂O₂. These catalysts exhibit excellent efficiency in the stereospecific hydroxylation of alkanes and in the oxidation of olefins. Remarkably, R’-substituents have little influence on the efficiency and chemoselectivity of the catalytic activity of the complexes, but the selectivity toward olefin cis-dihydroxylation is enhanced for complexes with R = Me, F, or Cl. Isotopic labeling studies in the epoxidation and cis-dihydroxylation reactions show that R has a definitive role in dictating the origin of the O atom that is transferred in the epoxidation reaction. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(Chloromethyl)-6-fluoropyridine (cas: 315180-16-6Related Products of 315180-16-6).

2-(Chloromethyl)-6-fluoropyridine (cas: 315180-16-6) belongs to pyridine derivatives. In contrast to benzene, Pyridine’s electron density is not evenly distributed over the ring, reflecting the negative inductive effect of the nitrogen atom. Pyridine, its benzo and pyridine-based compounds play diverse roles in organic chemistry. Pyridine-based materials are valued for their optical and physical properties as well as their medical potential. Related Products of 315180-16-6

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Structure-activity relationships of novel non-competitive mGluR1 antagonists: A potential treatment for chronic pain was written by Owen, Dafydd R.;Dodd, Peter G.;Gayton, Simon;Greener, Ben S.;Harbottle, Gareth W.;Mantell, Simon J.;Maw, Graham N.;Osborne, Simon A.;Rees, Huw;Ringer, Tracy J.;Rodriguez-Lens, Margarita;Smith, Graham F.. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2007.Product Details of 199296-39-4 This article mentions the following:

A series of novel mGluR1 antagonists have been prepared Incorporation of fragments derived from weak lead matter into a library led to enhanced potency in a new chem. series. A chem. driven second library iteration, covering a greatly enhanced area of chem. space, maintained good potency and introduced metabolic stability. Compound I may represent a useful lead in the ongoing search for mGluR1 antagonists for nociceptive pain. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Methyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)propan-1-amine (cas: 199296-39-4Product Details of 199296-39-4).

2-Methyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)propan-1-amine (cas: 199296-39-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The ring atoms in the pyridine molecule are sp2-hybridized. The nitrogen is involved in the π-bonding aromatic system using its unhybridized p orbital. The lone pair is in an sp2 orbital, projecting outward from the ring in the same plane as the σ bonds. Pyridine groups exist in countless molecules, and their applications include catalysis, drug design, molecular recognition, and natural product synthesis.Product Details of 199296-39-4

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Substituent Effects in Double-Helical Hydrogen-Bonded AAA-DDD Complexes was written by Wang, Hong-Bo;Mudraboyina, Bhanu P.;Wisner, James A.. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2012.Product Details of 3718-65-8 This article mentions the following:

Two series of DDD and AAA hydrogen-bond arrays were synthesized that form triply-hydrogen-bonded double-helical complexes when combined in CDCl₃ solution Derivatization of the DDD arrays with electron-withdrawing groups increases the complex association constants by up to a factor of 30 in those arrays examined Derivatization of the AAA arrays with electron donating substituents reveals a similar magnitude effect on the complex stabilities. The effect of substitution on both types of arrays are modeled quite satisfactorily (R² > 0.96 in all cases) as free energy relationships with respect to the sums of their Hammett substituent constants In all, the complex stabilities can be manipulated over more than three orders of magnitude (>20 kJ mol^-1) using this type of modification. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,5-Dimethylpyridine 1-oxide (cas: 3718-65-8Product Details of 3718-65-8).

3,5-Dimethylpyridine 1-oxide (cas: 3718-65-8) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The pyridine ring occurs in many important compounds, including agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and vitamins. Pyridine, its benzo and pyridine-based compounds play diverse roles in organic chemistry. Pyridine-based materials are valued for their optical and physical properties as well as their medical potential. Product Details of 3718-65-8

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem