Tag: 100-200

Safety of Picolinic acidIn 2019 ,《Red Blood Cell Metabolic Responses to Torpor and Arousal in the Hibernator Arctic Ground Squirrel》 was published in Journal of Proteome Research. The article was written by Gehrke, Sarah; Rice, Sarah; Stefanoni, Davide; Wilkerson, Rebecca B.; Nemkov, Travis; Reisz, Julie A.; Hansen, Kirk C.; Lucas, Alfredo; Cabrales, Pedro; Drew, Kelly; D’Alessandro, Angelo. The article contains the following contents:

Arctic ground squirrels provide a unique model to investigate metabolic responses to hibernation in mammals. During winter months these rodents are exposed to severe hypothermia, prolonged fasting, and hypoxemia. In the light of their role in oxygen transport/off-loading and owing to the absence of nuclei and organelles (and thus de novo protein synthesis capacity), mature red blood cells have evolved metabolic programs to counteract physiol. or pathol. hypoxemia. However, red blood cell metabolism in hibernation has not yet been investigated. Here we employed targeted and untargeted metabolomics approaches to investigate erythrocyte metabolism during entrance to torpor to arousal, with a high resolution of the intermediate time points. We report that torpor and arousal promote metabolism through glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway, resp., consistent with previous models of oxygen-dependent metabolic modulation in mature erythrocytes. Erythrocytes from hibernating squirrels showed up to 100-fold lower levels of biomarkers of reperfusion injury, such as the pro-inflammatory dicarboxylate succinate. Altered tryptophan metabolism during torpor was here correlated to the accumulation of potentially neurotoxic catabolites kynurenine, quinolinate, and picolinate. Arousal was accompanied by alterations of sulfur metabolism, including sudden spikes in a metabolite putatively identified as thiorphan (level 1 confidence)-a potent inhibitor of several metalloproteases that play a crucial role in nociception and inflammatory complication to reperfusion secondary to ischemia or hemorrhage. Preliminary studies in rats showed that i.v. injection of thiorphan prior to resuscitation mitigates metabolic and cytokine markers of reperfusion injury, etiol. contributors to inflammatory complications after shock. In addition to this study using Picolinic acid, there are many other studies that have used Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6Safety of Picolinic acid) was used in this study.

Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6) is used as a chelate for alkaline earth metals. Used to prepare picolinato ligated transition metal complexes. In synthetic organic chemistry, has been used as a substrate in the Mitsunobu reaction and in the Hammick reaction.Safety of Picolinic acid

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Recommanded Product: 3510-66-5In 2019 ,《A greener approach toward N-1 heteroarylation of indoles: Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of potential anti-proliferative agents》 appeared in Arabian Journal of Chemistry. The author of the article were Sailaja, E.; Bhavani, S.; Rambabu, D.; Basaveswara Rao, M. V.; Pal, Manojit. The article conveys some information:

A greener approach was developed to synthesize N-pyridyl indoles e.g., I [R1 = R2 = H, R3 = 2-pyridyl] and N-pyrimidinyl indoles e.g., I [R1 = R2 = H, R3 = 2-pyrimidinyl] via an ultrasound assisted selective N-1 heteroarylation of indoles. This methodol. involved reaction of indoles with heteroaryl halides in PEG-400 under ultrasound irradiation Compound I [R1 = R2 = H, R3 = 2-pyrimidinyl] was benzoylated at C-2 position via palladium-mediated C-H bond activation. All the synthesized N-1 heteroarylindoles were tested for their in vitro anti-proliferative properties against cancer (leukemia) and non-cancerous cell lines. Among the tested compounds, compounds I [R1 = H; R2 = 5-OMe; R3 = 2-pyridyl, 5-Me-2-pyridyl, 2-pyrimidinyl] showed promising activity against K562 leukemia cells whereas compound I [R1 = H, R2 = 5-OMe, R3 = 2-pyrimidinyl] showed significant activity against Colo-205 cells. Addnl., none of these N-heteroaryl indoles showed any effect against noncancerous HEK293 cell lines, indicating their selectivity toward cancer cells specifically leukemia. In addition to this study using 2-Bromo-5-methylpyridine, there are many other studies that have used 2-Bromo-5-methylpyridine(cas: 3510-66-5Recommanded Product: 3510-66-5) was used in this study.

2-Bromo-5-methylpyridine(cas: 3510-66-5) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine and pyridine-derived structures are privileged pharmacophores in medicinal chemistry and an essential functionality for organic chemists. As the prototypical π-deficient heterocycle, pyridine illustrates distinctive chemistry as both substrate and reagent. Recommanded Product: 3510-66-5

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Application In Synthesis of 5-Bromo-2-chloropyridineIn 2021 ,《Directing Group Enables Electrochemical Selectively Meta-Bromination of Pyridines under Mild Conditions》 appeared in Journal of Organic Chemistry. The author of the article were Wu, Yanwei; Xu, Shanghui; Wang, Hong; Shao, Dongxu; Qi, Qiqi; Lu, Yi; Ma, Li; Zhou, Jianhua; Hu, Wei; Gao, Wei; Chen, Jianbin. The article conveys some information:

Without the use of catalysts and oxidants, a facile and sustainable electrochem. bromination protocol was developed. By introducing the directing groups, the regioselectivity of pyridine derivatives could be controlled at the meta-position utilizing the inexpensive and safe bromine salts at room temperature A variety of brominated pyridine derivatives were obtained in 28-95% yields, and the reaction could be readily performed at a gram scale. By combining the installation and removing the directing group, the concept of meta-bromination of pyridines could be verified. After reading the article, we found that the author used 5-Bromo-2-chloropyridine(cas: 53939-30-3Application In Synthesis of 5-Bromo-2-chloropyridine)

5-Bromo-2-chloropyridine(cas: 53939-30-3) belongs to pyridine. The basicity and metallophilic high donor number of these π-deficient systems has long favored them as ligands in metal catalysis. The last decade saw pyridine assume a stronger role as functional group for directed C–H oxidation/activation.Application In Synthesis of 5-Bromo-2-chloropyridine

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

HPLC of Formula: 98-98-6In 2021 ,《Serum protein-hyaluronic acid complex nanocarriers: Structural characterisation and encapsulation possibilities》 appeared in Carbohydrate Polymers. The author of the article were Kovacs, Alexandra N.; Varga, Norbert; Juhasz, Adam; Csapo, Edit. The article conveys some information:

A protein-polysaccharide-based potential nanocarrier system have been developed via a simple, one-step preparation protocol without the use of long-term heating and the utilization of hardly removable crosslinking agents, surfactants, and toxic organic solvents. To the best of our knowledge, this article is the first which summarizes in detail the pH-dependent quant. relationship between the bovine serum albumin (BSA) and hyaluronic acid (HyA) confirmed by several physico-chem. techniques. The formation of colloidal complex nanoconjugates with average diameter of ca. 210-240 nm is strongly depend on the pH and the applied BSA:HyA mass ratio. Particle charge titrations studies strongly support the core-shell type structure, where the BSA core is covered by a thick HyA shell. Besides the optimization of these conditions, the drug encapsulation capacity and the dissolution profiles have been also studied for ibuprofen (IBU) and 2-picolinic acid (2-PA) as model drugs. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6HPLC of Formula: 98-98-6)

Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6) is used as a chelate for alkaline earth metals. Used to prepare picolinato ligated transition metal complexes. In synthetic organic chemistry, has been used as a substrate in the Mitsunobu reaction and in the Hammick reaction.HPLC of Formula: 98-98-6

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Synthetic Route of C7H7NOIn 2020 ,《Synthesis, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of novel pyridyl-carbonyl thiazoles as dendrodoine analogs》 appeared in Turkish Journal of Chemistry. The author of the article were Sahin, Zafer; Biltekin, Sevde Nur; Yurttas, Leyla; Demirayak, Seref. The article conveys some information:

Marine compound dendrodoine was first obtained from tunicate species (Dendrodo grossularia), it has a five-membered ring, namely, it is a heterocycle thiadiazole, which is found rarely in natural sources. Following its biol. activities, novel analogs have been investigated recently. Synthesis of the analogs I (R1 = 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl; R2 = pyrrolidin-1-yl, piperidin-1-yl, azepan-1-yl, etc.) for this study is realized with uncommon thiazole closure, including methylene-carbonyl condensation. As an alkaloid derivative, antioxidant properties were evaluated with DPPH and FRAP assays and antimicrobial effect with microdilution method. Among the series, few compds showed higher antioxidant activity than those having 3 or 4-pyridyl substituents. There is lesser activity for 2-pyridyl activity for 2-pyridyl containing group, which may be a result of intramol. interactions. No activity was observed against gram-neg. bacteria at 250μg/mL. Compound I (R1 = 2-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl; R2 = hexamethylamine) showed activity at 64μg/mL against S. aureus and I (R1 = 2-pyridyl; R2 = hexamethylamine) showed activity at 16μg/mL against S. epidermidis gram-pos. bacteria. Chloramphenicol showed activity against all microorganisms at 8-16μg/mL. Sixteen original dendrodoine analogs have been defined by close/higher activity compared to dendrodoine analogs and Trolox. The experimental process involved the reaction of 4-Acetylpyridine(cas: 1122-54-9Synthetic Route of C7H7NO)

4-Acetylpyridine(cas: 1122-54-9) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine and pyridine-derived structures are privileged pharmacophores in medicinal chemistry and an essential functionality for organic chemists. As the prototypical π-deficient heterocycle, pyridine illustrates distinctive chemistry as both substrate and reagent. Synthetic Route of C7H7NO

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Computed Properties of C6H4N2In 2020 ,《Pyridine-Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Novel Metal-Free Visible-Light Organophotoredox Catalyst for Atom-Transfer Radical Polymerization》 appeared in Journal of Physical Chemistry A. The author of the article were Yang, Long; Huang, Yujie; Peng, Yuting; Liu, Fei; Zhang, Qingchun; He, Huichao; Wang, Jun; Jiang, Long; Zhou, Yong. The article conveys some information:

In the field of electronics, organocatalysts are in high demand for use in the synthesis of clean polymers using solar radiation rather than potentially contaminating metals. Combining theor. design, simulation, and experiments, this work presents a novel, pyridine-diketopyrrolopyrrole (P-DPP)-based metal-free visible-light organophotoredox catalyst (P-DPP). It is effective in the photocontrolled organocatalytic atom-transfer radical polymerization (O-ATRP) of Me methacrylate (MMA) and styrene. The use of this catalyst and white light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation produces polymers with a crosslinked feature. In O-ATRP, the P-DPP catalyst has an oxidative quenching catalytic mechanism with an excited-state reductive potential of -1.8 V, fluorescence lifetime of 7.5 ns, and radical-cation oxidative potential of 0.45 V. Through mol. simulation, we found that the adjacent pyridine group is key to reducing the alkyl halide initiator and generating radicals, while the diketopyrrolopyrrole core stabilizes the triplet state of the catalyst through intramol. charge transfer. The findings related to this novel photoredox catalyst will aid in the search for much more effective organophotoredox catalysts for use in controlled radical polymerization They will also be of value in the fields of polymer chem. and physics and in various applications. The experimental process involved the reaction of 4-Cyanopyridine(cas: 100-48-1Computed Properties of C6H4N2)

4-Cyanopyridine(cas: 100-48-1) belongs to pyridine. The basicity and metallophilic high donor number of these π-deficient systems has long favored them as ligands in metal catalysis. The last decade saw pyridine assume a stronger role as functional group for directed C–H oxidation/activation.Computed Properties of C6H4N2

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Safety of 4-CyanopyridineIn 2021 ,《Nickelocene as an Air- and Moisture-Tolerant Precatalyst in the Regioselective Synthesis of Multisubstituted Pyridines》 appeared in Journal of Organic Chemistry. The author of the article were Cho, Il Young; Kim, Woo Gyum; Jeon, Ji Hwan; Lee, Jeong Woo; Seo, Jeong Kon; Seo, Jongcheol; Hong, Sung You. The article conveys some information:

Herein, operationally simple nickel(0) catalysis to access substituted pyridines I [R = Me, Ph, 2-furyl, etc.; R1 = Me, Ph, trimethylsilyl, etc.; R2 = H, Me, Ph, etc.; Z = CH2, O, C(CO2Et)2, N-Ts] from various nitriles and 1,6-diynes without the aid of air-free techniques was reported. The Ni-Xantphos-based catalytic manifold was tolerant to air, moisture and heat while promoting the [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition reactions with high reaction yields and broad substrate scope. In addition, the steric effect but also the frontier MO interactions could played a critical role in determining the regiochem. outcome of nickel-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition for the synthesis of compounds I.4-Cyanopyridine(cas: 100-48-1Safety of 4-Cyanopyridine) was used in this study.

4-Cyanopyridine(cas: 100-48-1) belongs to pyridine. The basicity and metallophilic high donor number of these π-deficient systems has long favored them as ligands in metal catalysis. The last decade saw pyridine assume a stronger role as functional group for directed C–H oxidation/activation.Safety of 4-Cyanopyridine

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Application In Synthesis of 4-AcetylpyridineIn 2021 ,《Palladium(II)-catalyzed three-component tandem reactions: synthesis of multiply substituted quinolines》 appeared in Organic Chemistry Frontiers. The author of the article were Zhang, Yetong; Chen, Lepeng; Shao, Yinlin; Zhang, Fangjun; Chen, Zhongyan; Lv, Ningning; Chen, Jiuxi; Li, Renhao. The article conveys some information:

The three-component tandem reaction of 2-aminobenzonitriles, arylboronic acids and ketones allowing the synthesis of polysubstituted quinolines I [R1 = H, 7-Me, 6-F, etc.; R2 = Me, Ph, 2-thienyl, etc.; R3 = Ph, 2-naphthyl, 3-thienyl, etc.; R4 = H, Et, Br, etc.; R2R4 = CH2CH2CH2; CH2(CH2)2CH2, etc.] was reported. This strategy presented a practical, efficient, one-pot procedure that delivered functional quinolines in moderate to good yields with high functional group tolerance. To enrich the synthetic applications in accessing diverse quinolines, a new method for the introduction of halogen substituents into target products was developed as well, which showed potential for further synthetic elaborations.4-Acetylpyridine(cas: 1122-54-9Application In Synthesis of 4-Acetylpyridine) was used in this study.

4-Acetylpyridine(cas: 1122-54-9) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine derivatives lend themselves to many roles in the spirited field of supramolecular chemistry – whether as the ligand backbone of metal-organic polymers or presiding over the key electronic stations of nanodevices. In biochemistry, pyridine-containing cofactors are necessary nutrients on which our lives depend. Application In Synthesis of 4-Acetylpyridine

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Safety of 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridineIn 2021 ,《Supramolecular photocatalysts fixed on the inside of the polypyrrole layer in dye sensitized molecular photocathodes: application to photocatalytic CO2 reduction coupled with water oxidation》 appeared in Chemical Science. The author of the article were Kuttassery, Fazalurahman; Kumagai, Hiromu; Kamata, Ryutaro; Ebato, Yusuke; Higashi, Masanobu; Suzuki, Hajime; Abe, Ryu; Ishitani, Osamu. The article conveys some information:

The development of systems for photocatalytic CO2 reduction with water as a reductant and solar light as an energy source is one of the most important milestones on the way to artificial photosynthesis. Although such reduction can be performed using dye-sensitized mol. photocathodes comprising metal complexes as redox photosensitizers and catalyst units fixed on a p-type semiconductor electrode, the performance of the corresponding photoelectrochem. cells remains low, e.g., their highest incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) equals 1.2%. Herein, we report a novel dye-sensitized mol. photocathode for photocatalytic CO2 reduction in water featuring a polypyrrole layer, [Ru(diimine)3]2+ as a redox photosensitizer unit, and Ru(diimine)(CO)2Cl2 as the catalyst unit and reveal that the incorporation of the polypyrrole network significantly improves reactivity and durability relative to those of previously reported dye-sensitized mol. photocathodes. The irradiation of the novel photocathode with visible light under low applied bias stably induces the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO and HCOOH with high faradaic efficiency and selectivity (even in aqueous solution), and the highest IPCE is determined as 4.7%. The novel photocathode is coupled with n-type semiconductor photoanodes (CoOx/BiVO4 and RhOx/TaON) to construct full cells that photocatalytically reduce CO2 using water as the reductant upon visible light irradiation as the only energy input at zero bias. The artificial Z-scheme photoelectrochem. cell with the dye-sensitized mol. photocathode achieves the highest energy conversion efficiency of 8.3 × 10-2% under the irradiation of both electrodes with visible light, while a solar to chem. conversion efficiency of 4.2 × 10-2% is achieved for a tandem-type cell using a solar light simulator (AM 1.5, 100 mW cm-2). In the experiment, the researchers used 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 1134-35-6Safety of 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine)

4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 1134-35-6) is used in the synthesis of a series of o-phenanthroline-substituted ruthenium(II) complexes.Safety of 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine Furthermore, 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine is used as a chemical Intermediate. It can be used for the determination of ferrous and cyanide compounds.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Category: pyridine-derivativesIn 2019 ,《Electrochemical and electronic properties of a series of substituted polypyridine ligands and their Co(II) complexes》 appeared in Inorganica Chimica Acta. The author of the article were Ferreira, Hendrik; Conradie, Marrigje M.; Conradie, Jeanet. The article conveys some information:

DFT calculations show that, due to Jahn-Teller distortion, the d7 [Co(N,N)3]2+ complexes, with S = 1/2 (N,N = bipyridine or substituted bipyridine ligand) have two longer axial and four shorter equatorial Co-N bonds (elongation Jahn-Teller), while [Co(terpyridine)2]2+ with S = 1/2, instead has two shorter central (axial) Co-N bonds and four longer distal Co-N bonds (compression Jahn-Teller), since in the latter, the distal Co-N bonds are more flexible than the Co-N axial bonds in the rigid structure of the tridentate terpyridine ligand. The same trend is observed for the related high spin S = 3/2 Co(II) complexes, though less pronounced. The cyclic voltammograms of [Co(terpyridine)2]2+ and a series of the [Co(N,N)3]2+ complexes show at least three chem. as well as electrochem. reversible redox couples, namely CoIII/II, CoII/I and a ligand based reduction of the polypyridine-Co(I) complex. The reduction of the uncoordinated free polypyridine ligand is more than 0.5 V more neg. than the reduction of the coordinated ligand in the polypyridine-Co(I) complex. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 1134-35-6Category: pyridine-derivatives)

4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 1134-35-6) is used in the synthesis of a series of o-phenanthroline-substituted ruthenium(II) complexes.Category: pyridine-derivatives Furthermore, 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine is used as a chemical Intermediate. It can be used for the determination of ferrous and cyanide compounds.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem