Tag: 200-300

Karthikeyan, Chedarampet S.; Thelakkat, Mukundan published an article on February 15 ,2008. The article was titled 《Key aspects of individual layers in solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells and novel concepts to improve their performance》, and you may find the article in Inorganica Chimica Acta.Recommanded Product: 138219-98-4 The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The key aspects of solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (SDSC) are presented with different concepts, based on extensive studies, to improve performance. The influence of the compact TiO2 layer, novel donor-antenna sensitizing dyes, nature of nanocrystalline-TiO2 layers and solid-state organic hole conductors on the performance of SDSC is discussed. Preparation and thickness of the compact TiO2 layer were optimized using spray pyrolysis. The studies revealed that an optimum film thickness of 120-150 nm of compact TiO2 yielded the best rectifying behavior and SDSC performance. The influence of 3 different mesoporous TiO2 films, obtained from 3 different TiO2 nanocrystals, prepared by sol-gel, thermal, and colloidal-microwave processes, was also studied. The TiO2 layer with the optimum pore volume and pore diameter (∼44 nm) displayed the highest efficiency and IPCE in a SDSC. The importance of pore size rather than high surface area for filling the mesoporous layer with solid-state hole conductor became evident. Heteroleptic Ru(II) complexes carrying donor antenna moieties, triphenylamine (TPA) or N,N’-bis(phenyl)-N,N’-bis(3-methylphenyl)-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (TPD), were synthesized and used in a SDSC. These novel donor-antenna dyes had power conversion efficiencies of 1.5-3.4%, measured under AM 1.5 spectral conditions. This is attributed to efficient light harvesting of these novel dyes and the improved charge-transfer dynamics at TiO2-dye and dye-hole conductor interfaces. Different low mol. weight and polymeric triphenyldiamines were synthesized and used as hole-transporting layers (HTL) in SDSC. Different studies showed that low mol. TPDs displayed better efficiency than their polymeric counterparts due to their improved filling into the pores of the nc-TiO2 layers. Another study revealed that an optimum driving force in terms of HOMO-level difference between the dye and HTL decides charge carrier generation efficiency. Novel hole conductors with spiro-bifluorene-triphenylamine core for transporting holes and tetra-ethylene glycol side chains for binding Li ions were synthesized and used in SDSCs. A Li+-salt is required at the TiO2/dye interface as well as in the bulk of HTL. Also the addition of ∼5-20% of these Li+-binding hole conductors and higher Li-salt (N-lithiotrifluoromethane sulfonamide) concentrations improved the SDSC performance. An improvement of ∼120% in solar cell efficiency as compared to the reference cells was achieved with an optimum composition of Li+-binding hole conductor and Li-salt. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found 4,4′-Bis(chloromethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 138219-98-4Recommanded Product: 138219-98-4)

4,4′-Bis(chloromethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 138219-98-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The ring atoms in the pyridine molecule are sp2-hybridized. The nitrogen is involved in the π-bonding aromatic system using its unhybridized p orbital. Recommanded Product: 138219-98-4The lone pair is in an sp2 orbital, projecting outward from the ring in the same plane as the σ bonds.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

《New antiparasitic flexible triaryl diamidines, their prodrugs and aza analogues: Synthesis, in vitro and in vivo biological evaluation, and molecular modelling studies》 was written by Arafa, Reem K.; Ismail, Mohamed A.; Wenzler, Tanja; Brun, Reto; Paul, Ananya; Wilson, W. David; Alakhdar, Amira A.; Boykin, David W.. Recommanded Product: 2,6-DibromopyridineThis research focused ontriaryl diamidine prodrug preparation SAR antimalarial antitrypanosomal; Antimalarial; Antitrypanosomal; Flexible diamidines; Minor groove binders; Molecular dynamics; Triaryl dications. The article conveys some information:

Dicationic diamidines have been well established as potent antiparasitic agents with proven activity against tropical diseases like trypanosomiasis and malaria. This work presents the synthesis of new mono and diflexible triaryl amidines their aza analogs and resp. methoxyamidine prodrugs. All diamidines were assessed in vitro against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (T. b. r.) and Plasmodium falciparum (P. f.) where they displayed potent to moderate activities at the nanomolar level with IC50s = 11 – 378 nM for T. b. r. and 4 – 323 nM against P. f.. In vivo efficacy testing against T. b. r. STIB900 has shown the monoflexible diamidine 2-(4′-Amidinophenyl)-5-(4”-amidinobenzyl)pyridine acetate salt as the most potent derivative in this study eliciting 4/4 cures of infected mice for a treatment period of >60 days upon a 4 x 5 mg/kg dose i. p. treatment. Moreover, thermal melting anal. measurement ΔTm for this series of diamidines/poly (dA-dT) complexes fell between 0.5 and 19° with the above compound showing the highest binding to the DNA minor groove. Finally, a 50 ns mol. dynamics study of an AT-rich DNA dodecamer with the above compound revealed a strong binding complex supported by vdW and electrostatic interactions. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of 2,6-Dibromopyridine(cas: 626-05-1Recommanded Product: 2,6-Dibromopyridine)

2,6-Dibromopyridine(cas: 626-05-1) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine-based materials are valued for their optical and physical properties as well as their medical potential. Additionally, pyridine-based natural products continue to be discovered and studied for their properties and to understand their biosynthesis.Recommanded Product: 2,6-Dibromopyridine

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

《Metal-Free Direct Nucleophilic Perfluoroalkylthiolation with Perfluoroalkanesulfenamides》 was written by Glenadel, Quentin; Bordy, Mathieu; Alazet, Sebastien; Tlili, Anis; Billard, Thierry. Recommanded Product: 31106-82-8This research focused ontrifluoromethylthiol preparation; perfluoroalkanesulfenamide halide perfluoroalkylthiolation. The article conveys some information:

A practical method to generate RFS- (R = CF3, CF2CF3, CF2CF2CF3) anions in situ from shelf-stable reagents, which were initially designed for electrophilic reactions has been reported. With an “”iodide activation”” step, these in situ released anions can directly participate in metal-free nucleophilic substitution reactions with the loss of various leaving groups. This method is compatible with various functional groups and provides good yields. With this strategy, the first direct nucleophilic perfluoroalkylthiolation reactions have been described. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found 2-(Bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide(cas: 31106-82-8Recommanded Product: 31106-82-8)

2-(Bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide(cas: 31106-82-8) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine-based materials are valued for their optical and physical properties as well as their medical potential. Additionally, pyridine-based natural products continue to be discovered and studied for their properties and to understand their biosynthesis.Recommanded Product: 31106-82-8

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

HPLC of Formula: 626-05-1In 2021 ,《Syntheses and Physical Properties of Cationic BN-Embedded Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons》 appeared in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition. The author of the article were Gotoh, Hajime; Nakatsuka, Soichiro; Tanaka, Hiroki; Yasuda, Nobuhiro; Haketa, Yohei; Maeda, Hiromitsu; Hatakeyama, Takuji. The article conveys some information:

Cationic BN-embedded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (BN-PAH+s) were synthesized from a N-containing macrocycle via pyridine-directed tandem C-H borylation. Incorporating BN into PAH+ resulted in a remarkable hypsochromic shift due to an increase in the LUMO energy and the symmetry changes of the HOMO and LUMO. Electrophilic substitution or anion exchange of BN-PAH+ possessing tetrabromoborate as a counteranion (BN+[BBr4-]) afforded air-stable BN-PAH/PAH+s. Of these, BN+[TfO-] allowed reversible two-electron reduction and the formation of two-dimensional brickwork-type π-electronic ion pair with 1,2,3,4,5-pentacyanocyclopentadienyl anion, demonstrating the potential application of BN-PAH+ as electronic materials. In the experiment, the researchers used 2,6-Dibromopyridine(cas: 626-05-1HPLC of Formula: 626-05-1)

2,6-Dibromopyridine(cas: 626-05-1) belongs to pyridine. The basicity and metallophilic high donor number of these π-deficient systems has long favored them as ligands in metal catalysis. The last decade saw pyridine assume a stronger role as functional group for directed C–H oxidation/activation.HPLC of Formula: 626-05-1

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Application In Synthesis of 2,6-DibromopyridineIn 2021 ,《Electronic Properties of Rhenium(I) Carbonyl Complexes Bearing Strongly Donating Hexahydro-Pyrimidopyrimidine Based Ligands》 appeared in European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. The author of the article were Auvray, Thomas; Pal, Amlan K.; Hanan, Garry S.. The article conveys some information:

Re(I) tricarbonyl complexes were synthesized using bi- and tridentate ligands equipped with one or two hexahydro-pyrimidopyrimidine (hpp) units attached to either a pyridine or a pyrazine ring. These complexes were characterized by NMR, ESI-MS, vibrational and optical spectroscopies as well as electrochem. Their structures were determined via single-crystal x-ray crystallog. and modelled using both DFT and TD-DFT methods. The complexes are non-emissive in solution at room temperature but display emission with mixed intra ligand (major) and metal-ligand (minor) charge transfer characters at 77 K. Addnl., both pyrazine-based complexes appear to be emissive in the solid state, presumably due to the presence of intermol. interactions, as observed in the crystal structure. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,6-Dibromopyridine(cas: 626-05-1Application In Synthesis of 2,6-Dibromopyridine)

2,6-Dibromopyridine(cas: 626-05-1) belongs to pyridine. The basicity and metallophilic high donor number of these π-deficient systems has long favored them as ligands in metal catalysis. The last decade saw pyridine assume a stronger role as functional group for directed C–H oxidation/activation.Application In Synthesis of 2,6-Dibromopyridine

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

In 2022,Cheng, Heyong; Yang, Tingyuan; Edwards, Madison; Tang, Shuli; Xu, Shiqing; Yan, Xin published an article in Journal of the American Chemical Society. The title of the article was 《Picomole-Scale Transition Metal Electrocatalysis Screening Platform for Discovery of Mild C-C Coupling and C-H Arylation through in Situ Anodically Generated Cationic Pd》.Recommanded Product: 626-05-1 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Development of new transition metal-catalyzed electrochem. promises to improve overall synthetic efficiency. Here the authors describe the 1st integrated platform for online screening of electrochem. transition-metal catalysis. It uses the intrinsic electrochem. capabilities of nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry (nano-ESI-MS) and picomole-scale anodic corrosion of a Pd electrode to generate and evaluate highly efficient cationic catalysts for mild electrocatalysis. The authors demonstrate the power of the novel electrocatalysis platform by (1) identifying electrolytic Pd-catalyzed Suzuki coupling at room temperature, (2) discovering Pd-catalyzed electrochem. C-H arylation in the absence of external oxidant or additive, (3) developing electrolyzed Suzuki coupling/C-H arylation cascades, and (4) achieving late-stage functionalization of two drug mols. by the newly developed mild electrocatalytic C-H arylation. More importantly, the scale-up reactions confirm that new electrochem. pathways discovered by nano-ESI can be implemented under the conventional electrolytic reaction conditions. This approach enables in situ mechanistic studies by capturing various intermediates including transient transition metal species by MS, and thus uncovering the critical role of anodically generated cationic Pd catalyst in promoting otherwise sluggish transmetalation in C-H arylation. The anodically generated cationic Pd with superior catalytic efficiency and novel online electrochem. screening platform hold great potentials for discovering mild transition-metal-catalyzed reactions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,6-Dibromopyridine(cas: 626-05-1Recommanded Product: 626-05-1)

2,6-Dibromopyridine(cas: 626-05-1) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine is a relatively complex molecule and exhibits a number of different bands in IR spectra. Among others, the bands characterizing the ν8a and ν19b modes have been found to be sensitive to the coordination or protonation of the molecule. Note that the band that is diagnostic for the PyH+ ion at about 1545 cm− 1 (ν19b mode) does not overlap with any of the other bands.Recommanded Product: 626-05-1

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Clarke, Coby J.; Morgan, Patrick J.; Hallett, Jason P.; Licence, Peter published an article in 2021. The article was titled 《Linking the the Thermal and Electronic Properties of Functional Dicationic Salts with their Molecular Structures》, and you may find the article in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering.HPLC of Formula: 626-05-1 The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The two major properties that underpin ionic liquids are tunability and the potential to create task-specific media. Together, these properties allow ionic liquids to surpass the roles long held by traditional mol. solvents. However, at elevated temperatures or under prolonged heating, the structural components that impart such properties decompose or degrade. Dicationic pyridine salts present new opportunities to extend functionality and tunability to high temperatures because they are coordinating and thermally robust. In this work, we present three structurally related series of dicationic pyridine salts, which have been characterized by a wide array of techniques to link thermal and electronic properties to structural variation. The phase transitions and thermal stabilities of the salts were significantly influenced by small structural changes, and several new candidates for high-temperature-based applications were identified. The electron d., and therefore the electron donating ability, of the pyridine functional group could also be controlled by structural variation of cations and anions. Therefore, dicationic pyridine salts are highly tunable choices for task-specific solvents at elevated temperatures Importantly, thermally robust solvents not only extend operational ranges but also reduce the need to replace or replenish solvents that degrade over time at temperatures commonly employed in industrial settings (i.e., 150-200°C); solvent lifetimes are extended, and production is reduced. This is a critical requirement for complex media such as ionic liquids, which have high economic and environmental production costs. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of 2,6-Dibromopyridine(cas: 626-05-1HPLC of Formula: 626-05-1)

2,6-Dibromopyridine(cas: 626-05-1) belongs to pyridine. When pyridine is adsorbed on oxide surfaces or in porous materials, the following species are commonly observed: (i) pyridine coordinated to Lewis acid sites, (ii) pyridine H-bonded to weakly acidic hydroxyls, and (iii) protonated pyridine. At high coverage, physisorbed pyridine and protonated dimers can also be observed.HPLC of Formula: 626-05-1

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

《Design, synthesis, and evaluation of substituted 2-acylamide-1,3-benzo[d]zole analogues as agents against MDR- and XDR-MTB》 was written by Li, Dongsheng; Liu, Chao; Jiang, Xinhai; Lin, Yuan; Zhang, Jing; Li, Yan; You, Xuefu; Jiang, Wei; Chen, Minghua; Xu, Yanni; Si, Shuyi. Reference of 2-(Bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2021. The article conveys some information:

N-(5-chlorobenzo[d]oxazol-2-yl)-4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole-5-carboxamide has been identified as a potent inhibitor of Mtb H37Rv, with a min. inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.42μM. In this study, a series of substituted 2-acylamide-1,3-zole analogs e.g., 4-methyl-N-(naphtho[1,2-d]oxazol-2-yl)-1,2,3-thiadiazole-5-carboxamide were designed and synthesized, and their anti-Mtb activities were analyzed. In total, some compounds were found to be potent anti-Mtb agents, especially against the MDR- and XDR-MTB strains, with MIC values < 10μM. These analogs can inhibit both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant Mtb. Four representative compounds were selected for further profiling, and the results indicate that compound 4-methyl-N-(5-(pyridin-2-yl)benzo[d]oxazol-2-yl)-1,2,3-thiadiazole-5-carboxamide is acceptably safe and has favorable pharmacokinetic (PK) properties. In addition, this compound displays potent activity against Gram-pos. bacteria, with MIC values in the range of 1.48-11.86μM. The data obtained herein suggest that promising anti-Mtb candidates may be developed via structural modification, and that further research is needed to explore other compounds In the experiment, the researchers used 2-(Bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide(cas: 31106-82-8Reference of 2-(Bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide)

2-(Bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide(cas: 31106-82-8) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine is widely used in the precursor to agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. Also, it is used as an important reagent and organic solvent.Reference of 2-(Bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

In 2019,Optical Materials (Amsterdam, Netherlands) included an article by Liang, Aihui; Liu, Zhiqian; Liu, Dewang; Cai, Ping; Wang, Zhiping; Zhou, Wenjing; Hu, Sifan; Tang, Jun; Zhang, Xiaolan; Cai, Mingzhong. COA of Formula: C5H3Br2N. The article was titled 《Novel dinuclear cyclometalated Platinum(II) complex as orange phosphorescent emitters for single-emitting-layer white polymer light-emitting diodes》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Novel binuclear platinum complex (FPT)2Pt2(diPic) and mononuclear platinum complex (FPT)Pt(Pic) were designed and synthesized, where FPT is N-(4-(6-(9,9-diethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)pyridin-3-yl)phenyl)-N-phenylbenzenamine, diPic is 3-(6-(2-carboxypyridin-3-yloxy)hexyloxy)picolinic acid, and Pic is picolinic acid. The photophys., electrochem. and thermal properties, as well as electroluminescent (EL) properties for both platinum(II) complexes were studied. Compared to (FPT)Pt(Pic), (FPT)2Pt2(diPic) exhibited stronger phosphorescent emission in PL spectra and higher ΦPL, owing to the enhanced spin-orbit interaction of platinum centers. Moreover, the monochromatic devices based on (FPT)2Pt2(diPic) showed better EL properties than (FPT)Pt(Pic). Based on that, the single-emissive-layer WPLEDs using (FPT)2Pt2(diPic) as orange emitter and FIrpic as blue emitter were also obtained. The WPLEDs show best performances with a maximal LE of 1.3 cd/A, and a CIE coordinates of (0.35, 0.37) which is very close to the pure white emission. Work is still underway to improve the device efficiency and color purity of these iridium and platinum complexes co-doped WPLEDs. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of 2,5-Dibromopyridine(cas: 624-28-2COA of Formula: C5H3Br2N)

2,5-Dibromopyridine(cas: 624-28-2) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine is very deactivated towards electrophilic substitution with respect to benzene. For this reason classical formylation, using methods such as the Gattermann or Vilsmeier reactions, are not generally successful. COA of Formula: C5H3Br2N

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

In 2019,Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry included an article by Kennedy, Sean H.; Gasonoo, Makafui; Klumpp, Douglas A.. Recommanded Product: 2,6-Dibromopyridine. The article was titled 《Superelectrophilic carbocations: preparation and reactions of a substrate with six ionizable groups》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

A substrate was prepared having two triarylmethanol centers and four pyridine-type substituent groups. Upon ionization in Bronsted superacid CF3SO3H, the substrate underwent two types of reactions. In presence of only the superacid, highly ionized intermediate(s) provided a double cyclization product having two pyrido[1,2-a]indole rings I. With added benzene, an arylation product II was obtained. A mechanism was proposed involving tetra-, penta-, or hexacationic species. In addition to this study using 2,6-Dibromopyridine, there are many other studies that have used 2,6-Dibromopyridine(cas: 626-05-1Recommanded Product: 2,6-Dibromopyridine) was used in this study.

2,6-Dibromopyridine(cas: 626-05-1) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine’s structure is isoelectronic with that of benzene, but its properties are quite different. Pyridine is completely miscible with water, whereas benzene is only slightly soluble. Like all hydrocarbons, benzene is neutral (in the acid–base sense), but because of its nitrogen atom, pyridine is a weak base.Recommanded Product: 2,6-Dibromopyridine

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem