Tag: 200-300

Synthesis and biological evaluation of thiazole derivatives as GPR119 agonists was written by Kim, Hyojin;Cho, Suk Joon;Yoo, Minjin;Kang, Seung Kyu;Kim, Kwang Rok;Lee, Hwan Hee;Song, Jin Sook;Rhee, Sang Dal;Jung, Won Hoon;Ahn, Jin Hee;Jung, Jae-Kyung;Jung, Kwan-Young. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2017.Electric Literature of C11H20N2O2S This article mentions the following:

A series of 4-(phenoxymethyl)thiazole derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for their GPR119 agonistic effect. Several 4-(phenoxymethyl)thiazoles with pyrrolidine-2,5-dione moieties showed potent GPR119 agonistic activities. Among them, compound I (R = F, Me) showed good in vitro activity with an EC₅₀ value of 49 nM and 18 nM, resp. with improved human and rat liver microsomal stability compare with MBX-2982. Compound I (R = F, Me) did not exhibit significant CYP inhibition, hERG binding, and cytotoxicity. Moreover, these compounds lowered the glucose excursion in mice in an oral glucose-tolerance test. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, tert-Butyl 4-carbamothioylpiperidine-1-carboxylate (cas: 214834-18-1Electric Literature of C11H20N2O2S).

tert-Butyl 4-carbamothioylpiperidine-1-carboxylate (cas: 214834-18-1) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The ring atoms in the pyridine molecule are sp2-hybridized. The nitrogen is involved in the π-bonding aromatic system using its unhybridized p orbital. The lone pair is in an sp2 orbital, projecting outward from the ring in the same plane as the σ bonds. Several pyridine derivatives play important roles in biological systems. While its biosynthesis is not fully understood, nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) occurs in some bacteria, fungi, and mammals.Electric Literature of C11H20N2O2S

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Inhibition of 1-Deoxy-d-Xylulose-5-Phosphate Reductoisomerase by Lipophilic Phosphonates: SAR, QSAR, and Crystallographic Studies was written by Deng, Lisheng;Diao, Jiasheng;Chen, Pinhong;Pujari, Venugopal;Yao, Yuan;Cheng, Gang;Crick, Dean C.;Prasad, B. V. Venkataram;Song, Yongcheng. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2011.Electric Literature of C8H8BrNO2 This article mentions the following:

1-Deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) is a novel target for developing new antibacterial (including antituberculosis) and antimalaria drugs. Forty-one lipophilic phosphonates, representing a new class of DXR inhibitors, were synthesized, among which 5-phenylpyridin-2-ylmethylphosphonic acid possesses the most activity against E. coli DXR (EcDXR) with a K_i of 420 nM. Structure-activity relationships (SAR) are discussed, which can be rationalized using our EcDXR:inhibitor structures, and a predictive quant. SAR (QSAR) model is also developed. Since inhibition studies of DXR from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MtDXR) have not been performed well, 48 EcDXR inhibitors with a broad chem. diversity were found, however, to generally exhibit considerably reduced activity against MtDXR. The crystal structure of a MtDXR:inhibitor complex reveals the flexible loop containing the residues 198-208 has no strong interactions with the 3,4-dichlorophenyl group of the inhibitor, representing a structural basis for the reduced activity. Overall, these results provide implications in the future design and development of potent DXR inhibitors. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-(5-bromopyridin-2-yl)acetate (cas: 917023-06-4Electric Literature of C8H8BrNO2).

Methyl 2-(5-bromopyridin-2-yl)acetate (cas: 917023-06-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridines are an important class of heterocycles and occur in polysubstituted forms in many naturally occurring biologically active compounds, drug molecules and chiral ligands. Several pyridine derivatives play important roles in biological systems. While its biosynthesis is not fully understood, nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) occurs in some bacteria, fungi, and mammals.Electric Literature of C8H8BrNO2

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Two new inorganic-organic hybrid compounds templated by SiW₁₂O^4-₄₀ anion with nonlinear ligands was written by Wang, Xiu-Li;Hu, Hai-Liang;Chen, Bao-Kuan;Lin, Hong-Yan;Tian, Ai-Xiang;Li, Jin. And the article was included in Solid State Sciences in 2011.Safety of 2,5-Di(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole This article mentions the following:

Two new Keggin-type polyoxoanion-templated inorganic-organic hybrids, [Cu(3,4-bpo)₂(H₂O)(SiW₁₂O₄₀)]·(3,4-H₂bpo)·7H₂O (1) and [Cu(4,4′-Hbpo)₂(4,4′-bpo)(H₂O)(SiW₁₂O₄₀)]·3H₂O (2) (3,4-bpo = 2-(3-pyridyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole, 4,4′-bpo = 2,5-bis(4-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole), were hydrothermally synthesized by changing the terminal N-donor’s orientation of the nonlinear ligands. X-ray structural analyses indicate that compound 1 shows a two-dimensional (2D) (4,4) grid sheet. The discrete SiW₁₂O₄₀^4- anions as templates locate on the square voids of the sheet. Compound 2 exhibits an arm-shaped chain structure. It is believed that the isomeric organic ligands play a key role in the structure control of the self-assembly processes. Also, compound 1 bulk-modified carbon paste electrode (1-CPE) displays good electrocatalytic activity toward the reduction of nitrite. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5-Di(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (cas: 15420-02-7Safety of 2,5-Di(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole).

2,5-Di(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (cas: 15420-02-7) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridines are an important class of heterocycles and occur in polysubstituted forms in many naturally occurring biologically active compounds, drug molecules and chiral ligands. Several pyridine derivatives play important roles in biological systems. While its biosynthesis is not fully understood, nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) occurs in some bacteria, fungi, and mammals.Safety of 2,5-Di(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Lead identification of benzimidazolone and azabenzimidazolone arylsulfonamides as CC-chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) antagonists was written by Miah, Afjal H.;Abas, Hossay;Begg, Malcolm;Marsh, Benjamin J.;O’Flynn, Daniel E.;Ford, Alison J.;Percy, Jonathan M.;Procopiou, Panayiotis A.;Richards, Steve A.;Rumley, Sally-Anne. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry in 2014.Safety of 2,6-Dibromo-3-hydroxypyridine This article mentions the following:

A knowledge-based library of 2,3-dichlorophenylsulfonyl derivatives of com. available aryl amines was synthesized and screened as human CCR4 antagonists, in order to identify a suitable hit for the start of a lead-optimization program. Hits were required to be more potent than an existing indazole series, have better physicochem. properties (c log P <3.5, chromatog. log D_7.4 <5.3 and CLND solubility >116 μg/mL), and be stable to acid and light. The benzimidazol-2-one core was identified as a hit suitable for further investigation. Substitution at N1 with small alkyl groups was tolerated; however, these analogs were inactive in the whole blood assay (pA₂ <5). Azabenzimidazolone analogs were all found to be active, with compound I exhibiting whole blood activity of 6.1, low mol. weight (389) and chromatog. log D_7.4 (2.4), high LE (0.43), and solubility (152 μg/mL). In addition, I had human serum albumin binding of around 93% and met all the criteria for progression to lead optimization. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,6-Dibromo-3-hydroxypyridine (cas: 6602-33-1Safety of 2,6-Dibromo-3-hydroxypyridine).

2,6-Dibromo-3-hydroxypyridine (cas: 6602-33-1) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The pyridine ring occurs in many important compounds, including agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and vitamins. Halopyridines are particularly attractive synthetic building blocks in a variety of cross-coupling methods, including the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction.Safety of 2,6-Dibromo-3-hydroxypyridine

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

{[Cu^I(bpo)₂(CH₃CN)]ClO₄ CH₃CN·(H₂O)_1.5}_n: a novel three-dimensional open framework with large rectangular channels assembled from copper(I) perchlorate and 2,5-bis(4-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (bpo) was written by Du, Miao;Lam, Chi-Keung;Bu, Xian-He;Mak, Thomas C. W.. And the article was included in Inorganic Chemistry Communications in 2004.Reference of 15420-02-7 This article mentions the following:

In the 1st Cu^I coordination polymer containing an angular bipyridine-type ligand 2,5-bis(4-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (bpo), {[Cu(bpo)₂(MeCN)]ClO₄·MeCN·(H₂O)_1.5}_n (1), bpo exhibits different monodentate and bidentate bridging modes in binding to the Cu^I center forming a novel 1-dimensional infinite comb-like polymeric chain with the monodentate ligands on one side. The most striking feature of this structure is the formation of a 3-dimensional porous network with large rectangular channels through two distinct types of inter-chain π-π stacking interactions, which was further stabilized by weak H-bonding interactions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5-Di(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (cas: 15420-02-7Reference of 15420-02-7).

2,5-Di(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (cas: 15420-02-7) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a dipole moment and a weaker resonant stabilization than benzene (resonance energy 117 kJ·mol−1 in pyridine vs. 150 kJ·mol−1 in benzene). Several pyridine derivatives play important roles in biological systems. While its biosynthesis is not fully understood, nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) occurs in some bacteria, fungi, and mammals.Reference of 15420-02-7

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

A flexible, convergent route to azaoxindoles, azaindolines, azaindoles, and tetrahydroazaquinolones was written by Bacque, Eric;El Qacemi, Myriem;Zard, Samir Z.. And the article was included in Heterocycles in 2012.Reference of 209798-48-1 This article mentions the following:

A variety of azaoxindoles, azaindolines, azaindoles, and tetrahydroazaquinolones were readily prepared by cyclization of xanthate-derived radicals onto pyridine rings. The xanthate precursors may themselves be produced by intermol. radical addition-transfer to allylamino- or butenoylamide side-chains. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2-Chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (cas: 209798-48-1Reference of 209798-48-1).

(2-Chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (cas: 209798-48-1) belongs to pyridine derivatives. In contrast to benzene, Pyridine’s electron density is not evenly distributed over the ring, reflecting the negative inductive effect of the nitrogen atom. Halopyridines are particularly attractive synthetic building blocks in a variety of cross-coupling methods, including the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction.Reference of 209798-48-1

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Fluorine-Substituted Pyrrolo[2,3-d]Pyrimidine Analogues with Tumor Targeting via Cellular Uptake by Folate Receptor α and the Proton-Coupled Folate Transporter and Inhibition of de Novo Purine Nucleotide Biosynthesis was written by Ravindra, Manasa;Wilson, Mike R.;Tong, Nian;OConnor, Carrie;Karim, Mohammad;Polin, Lisa;Wallace-Povirk, Adrianne;White, Kathryn;Kushner, Juiwanna;Hou, Zhanjun;Matherly, Larry H.;Gangjee, Aleem. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2018.Electric Literature of C6H3BrFNO2 This article mentions the following:

Novel fluorinated 2-amino-4-oxo-6-substituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine analogs were synthesized and tested for selective cellular uptake by folate receptors (FRs) α and β or the proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT) and for antitumor efficacy. Compounds I (n = 0, 1) and II (n = 0, 1) showed increased in vitro anti-proliferative activities (∼11-fold) over the nonfluorinated analogs toward engineered Chinese hamster ovary and HeLa cells expressing FRs or PCFT. Compounds I (n = 0, 1) and II (n = 0, 1) also inhibited proliferation of IGROV1 and A2780 epithelial ovarian cancer cells; in IGROV1 cells with knockdown of FRα, I (n = 0) and II (n = 0, 1) showed sustained inhibition associated with uptake by PCFT. All compounds inhibited glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase, a key enzyme in the de novo purine biosynthesis pathway. Mol. modeling studies validated in vitro cell-based results. NMR evidence supports the presence of an intramol. fluorine-hydrogen bond. Potent in vivo efficacy of II (n = 1) was established with IGROV1 xenografts in severe compromised immunodeficient mice. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Bromo-3-fluoropicolinic acid (cas: 669066-91-5Electric Literature of C6H3BrFNO2).

5-Bromo-3-fluoropicolinic acid (cas: 669066-91-5) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a conjugated system of six π electrons that are delocalized over the ring. The molecule is planar and, thus, follows the Hückel criteria for aromatic systems. One of the examples of pyridines is the well-known alkaloid lithoprimidine, which is an A3 adenosine receptor antagonist and N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) analog, commonly used in organic synthesis.Electric Literature of C6H3BrFNO2

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Can the Formation of Pharmaceutical Cocrystals Be Computationally Predicted? I. Comparison of Lattice Energies was written by Issa, Nizar;Karamertzanis, Panagiotis G.;Welch, Gareth W. A.;Price, Sarah L.. And the article was included in Crystal Growth & Design in 2009.Recommanded Product: 2,5-Di(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole This article mentions the following:

A cocrystal is only expected to form if it is thermodynamically more stable than the crystals of its components. To test whether this can be predicted with a current computational methodol., we compare the lattice energies of 12 cocrystals of 4-aminobenzoic acid, 8 of succinic acid and 6 of caffeine, with the sums of the lattice energies of their components. These three mols. were chosen for their potential use in pharmaceutical cocrystals and because they had sufficient determinations of cocrystals and corresponding partner crystal structures in the Cambridge Structural Database. The lattice energies were evaluated using anisotropic intermol. atom-atom potentials, with the electrostatic model and the intramol. energy penalty for changes in specified torsion angles derived from ab initio calculations on the isolated mols. The majority of the cocrystals are calculated to be more stable than their components, but the energy difference is only large in a few of the cases where the partner mol. cannot hydrogen bond to itself. More typically, the cocrystal stabilization is comparable to polymorphic energy differences and some of the specifically identified errors in the computational modeling. The cocrystals will be more stable relative to the observed disordered structures of caffeine and the kinetically preferred polymorph of 4-aminobenzoic acid, highlighting kinetic factors that may be involved in cocrystal formation. Overall, it appears that cocrystal formation should generally be predictable by comparing the relative stability of the most stable cocrystal and its pure components found on the computed crystal energy landscapes, but this is often very demanding of the accuracy of the method used to calculate the crystal energy. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5-Di(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (cas: 15420-02-7Recommanded Product: 2,5-Di(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole).

2,5-Di(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (cas: 15420-02-7) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a dipole moment and a weaker resonant stabilization than benzene (resonance energy 117 kJ·mol−1 in pyridine vs. 150 kJ·mol−1 in benzene). Many analogues of pyridine are known where N is replaced by other heteroatoms . Substitution of one C–H in pyridine with a second N gives rise to the diazine heterocycles (C4H4N2), with the names pyridazine, pyrimidine, and pyrazine.Recommanded Product: 2,5-Di(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Anionic Access to Silylated and Germylated Binuclear Heterocycles was written by Boddaert, Thomas;Francois, Cyril;Mistico, Laetitia;Querolle, Olivier;Meerpoel, Lieven;Angibaud, Patrick;Durandetti, Muriel;Maddaluno, Jacques. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2014.HPLC of Formula: 257937-08-9 This article mentions the following:

A simple access to silylated and germylated binuclear heterocycles, based on an original anionic rearrangement, is described. A set of electron-rich and electron-poor silylated aromatic and heteroaromatic substrates were tested to understand the mechanism and the factors controlling this rearrangement, in particular its regioselectivity. This parameter was shown to follow the rules proposed before from a few examples. Then, the effect of the substituents borne by the silicon itself, in particular the selectivity of the ligand transfer, was studied. Addnl., this chem. was extended to germylated substrates. A hypervalent germanium species, comparable to the putative intermediate proposed with silicon, seems to be involved. However, a pathway implicating the elimination of LiCH₂Cl was observed for the first time with this element, leading to unexpected products of the benzo-oxa (or benzo-aza) germol-type. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, tert-Butyl (3-bromopyridin-4-yl)carbamate (cas: 257937-08-9HPLC of Formula: 257937-08-9).

tert-Butyl (3-bromopyridin-4-yl)carbamate (cas: 257937-08-9) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The pyridine ring occurs in many important compounds, including agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and vitamins. One of the examples of pyridines is the well-known alkaloid lithoprimidine, which is an A3 adenosine receptor antagonist and N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) analog, commonly used in organic synthesis.HPLC of Formula: 257937-08-9

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Interactions of sodium polystyrene sulfonate with 4-methylpyridinium based ionic liquids in aqueous solution: Viscometry, conductometry, UV-Vis spectroscopy and density functional theory studies was written by Mehrdad, Abbas;Parvini, Elahe. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics in 2019.SDS of cas: 65350-59-6 This article mentions the following:

Viscosity (η) and molar conductivity (δ) of aqueous solutions of sodium polystyrene sulfonate (NaPSS) in the presence of some 4-methylpyridinium based ionic liquids (1-Butyl-4-methylpyridinium bromide [BMPyr]Br, 1-Hexyl-4-methylpyridinium bromide [HMPyr]Br and 1-Octyl-4-methylpyridinium bromide [OMPyr]Br) were investigated at T = (288.15, 298.15 and 308.15) K. The viscosity values were correlated with the Wolf equation to obtain the intrinsic viscosity ([η]) of NaPSS. The intrinsic viscosity of NaPSS decreases by increasing the concentration of ionic liquids due to screens effects of ionic liquids and decreased with increasing alkyl chain length of ILs. The scaling theory is used for the description of elec. conductance of polyelectrolytes. The values of fractions of uncondensed counterions f have been estimated The effects of the polyelectrolyte concentration, the relative permittivity of the medium, different alkyl chain length and the temperature on the fractions of uncondensed counterions of NaPSS aqueous solutions have been discussed. UV-Vis spectroscopy and Quantum chem. calculations studies are also used to confirm the existence of interactions between NaPSS and ILs. The UV-Vis spectra of NaPSS show that the conformation of NaPSS changes in the presence of ionic liquids; therefore the value of elec. multipole moment decreases. Consequently, the absorption intensity of NaPSS was decreased with the addition of ionic liquids D. functional theory (DFT) has been used to investigate the interactions between [PSS]^– anion and [RMPyr]⁺ cations. The mol. electrostatic potential, natural bond orbital methodologies and atoms in mols. are used to analyses the nature of interactions of the ion-pairs [RMPyr]⁺[PSS]^–. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Butyl-4-methylpyridin-1-ium bromide (cas: 65350-59-6SDS of cas: 65350-59-6).

1-Butyl-4-methylpyridin-1-ium bromide (cas: 65350-59-6) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a conjugated system of six π electrons that are delocalized over the ring. The molecule is planar and, thus, follows the Hückel criteria for aromatic systems. Reduced pyridines, namely tetrahydropyridines, dihydropyridines and piperidines, are found in numerous natural and synthetic compounds. The synthesis and reactivity of these compounds have often been driven by the fact many of these compounds have interesting and unique pharmacological properties. SDS of cas: 65350-59-6

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem