Tag: M.W=350-400

Namera, Akira published the artcileHigh-throughput monospin extraction for quantification of cardiovascular drugs in serum coupled to high-performance liquid hromatography-mass spectrometry, Application In Synthesis of 72509-76-3, the main research area is serum pindolol carazolol high performance liquid chromatog mass spectrometry.

A novel method coupling spin column extraction with high-performance liquid chromatog.-mass spectrometry was developed for simultaneous extraction of β -blockers and calcium channel blockers from human serum. Sample loading, washing, and elution were accomplished via centrifugation of the column, in which mixed-mode monolithic silica bonded to a C18 reversed phase, and a cation-exchange phase was packed in a spin column. The serum sample (0.2 mL) pH was adjusted to 3 and the analytes adsorbed onto the column were eluted with 0.1 mL MeOH containing 2% NH3. The recov eries of the tested drugs were 76-108%. A linear curve was observed up to a concentration of 500 ng/mL of the target drugs in serum (r20 0.996). The intra-day relative standard deviations at three different concentrations were 0.6-9.6%. The limits of detection were 2 ng/mL. The proposed method was successfully applied to clin. and forensic cases.

Acta Chromatographica published new progress about Blood pressure. 72509-76-3 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, name is 3-Ethyl 5-methyl 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, and the molecular formula is C18H19Cl2NO4, Application In Synthesis of 72509-76-3.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Takaoka, Ryota published the artcileModel-based meta-analysis of changes in circulatory system physiology in patients with chronic heart failure, SDS of cas: 72509-76-3, the main research area is meta analysis chronic heart failure circulatory system.

Meta-anal. of changes in circulatory system physiol. in patients with chronic heart failure. To characterize and compare various medicines for chronic heart failure (CHF), changes in circulatory physiol. parameter during pharmacotherapy were investigated by a model-based meta-anal. (MBMA) of circulatory physiol. The clin. data from 61 studies mostly in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), reporting changes in heart rate, blood pressure, or ventricular volumes after treatment with carvedilol, metoprolol, bisoprolol, bucindolol, enalapril, aliskiren, or felodipine, were analyzed. Seven cardiac and vasculature function indexes were estimated without invasive measurements using models based on appropriate assumptions, and their correlations with the mortality were assessed. Estimated myocardial oxygen consumption, a cardiac load index, correlated excellently with the mortality at 3, 6, and 12 mo after treatment initiation, and it explained differences in mortality across the different medications. The anal. based on the present models were reasonably consistent with the hypothesis that the treatment of HFrEF with various medications is due to effectively reducing the cardiac load. Assessment of circulatory physiol. parameters by using MBMA would be insightful for quant. understanding of CHF treatment.

CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology published new progress about Blood pressure. 72509-76-3 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, name is 3-Ethyl 5-methyl 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, and the molecular formula is C18H19Cl2NO4, SDS of cas: 72509-76-3.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Wang, Xuan published the artcileA chemometric strategy for accurately identifying illegal additive compounds in health foods by using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry, Safety of 3-Ethyl 5-methyl 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, the main research area is health food illegal additive compound UHPLC HRMS identification chemometrics.

The accurate identification of unknown illegal additive compounds in complex health foods continues to be a challenging task in routine anal., because massive false pos. results can be screened with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatog. coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry-based untargeted techniques and must be manually filtered out. To address this problem, we developed a chemometric-based strategy, in which data anal. was first performed by using XCMS, MS-DIAL, Mzmine2, and AntDAS2, to select those that provided acceptable results to extract common features (CFs), which can be detected by all of the selected methods. Then, CFs whose contents were significantly higher in the suspected illegal additive group were screened. Isotopic, adduct, and neutral loss ions were marked based on the CFs by using a new adaptive ion annotation algorithm. Fragment ions originating from the same compound were identified by using a novel fragment ion identification algorithm. Finally, a resp. mass spectrum was constructed for each screened compound to benefit compound identification. The developed strategy was confirmed by using a complex Chinese health food, Goujiya tea. The features of all illegal additive compounds were precisely screened by the developed strategy, and massive false pos. features from the current data anal. method were greatly reduced. The constructed resp. mass spectra can benefit compound identification and avoid the risk of identifying ions from the same illegal compound as different compounds Moreover, unknown compounds that are contained in an illegal compound library can be screened.

Analytical Methods published new progress about Blood pressure. 72509-76-3 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, name is 3-Ethyl 5-methyl 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, and the molecular formula is C18H19Cl2NO4, Safety of 3-Ethyl 5-methyl 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Perez-Baeza, Mireia published the artcileComparative modelling study on enantioresolution of structurally unrelated compounds with amylose-based chiral stationary phases in reversed phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry conditions, Computed Properties of 72509-76-3, the main research area is modeling enantioresoln amylose based chiral stationary phase; reversed phase liquid chromatog mass spectrometry; Amylose-based chiral stationary phases. Reversed phase liquid chromatography. Enantioresolution modelling and description. Discriminant partial least squares. Feature selection.

Polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) are the most used chiral selectors in HPLC. These CSPs can be used in normal, polar organic and aqueous-organic mobile phases. However, normal and polar organic mobile phases are not adequate for chiral separation of polar compounds, for the anal. of aqueous samples and for MS detection. In these situations, reversed phase conditions, without the usual non-volatile additives incompatible with MS detection, are preferable. Moreover, in most of the reported chiral chromatog. methods, retention is too large for routine work. In this paper, the chiral separation of 53 structurally unrelated compounds is studied using three com. amylose-based CSPs -coated amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (Am1), coated amylose tris(5-chloro-2-methylphenylcarbamate) (Am2), and immobilized amylose tris(3-chloro-5-methylphenylcarbamate) (Am3)-. Chiral separations are carried out using acetonitrile/ammonium bicarbonate (pH = 8.0) mixtures, reversed mobile phases compatible with MS detection. To provide realistic conditions for routine anal., maximum retention factors are set to 15. Retention and enantioresoln. behavior of compounds in those CSPs are compared. On the other hand, to compare and describe the resolution ability of these CSPs, 58 structural variables of the compounds are tested to model for the first time a categorical enantioresoln. (CRs) for Am1 and Am3 CSPs. Discriminant partial least squares, for one response categorical variable (DPLS1) is used for feature selection, modeling. The final DPLS1 models showed good descriptive ability.

Journal of Chromatography A published new progress about Carbonyl group. 72509-76-3 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, name is 3-Ethyl 5-methyl 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, and the molecular formula is C18H19Cl2NO4, Computed Properties of 72509-76-3.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Ines Silva, Maria published the artcileSmall scale in vitro method to determine a potential bioequivalent equilibrium solubility range for fed human intestinal fluid, Application of 3-Ethyl 5-methyl 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, the main research area is human intestinal fluid potential bioequivalent equilibrium solubility; BCS; DCS; aprepitant; bioavailability; bromocriptine; carvedilol; fed intestinal fluid; felodipine; fenofibrate; ibuprofen; indomethacin; itraconazole; phenytoin; probucol; solubility; tadalafil; valsartan; zafirlukast.

Intestinal drug solubility is a key parameter controlling oral absorption but varies both intra and inter individuals and between the fasted and fed states, with food intake known to alter the bioavailability of many compounds Intestinal solubility can be measured in vitro either using sampled fed human intestinal fluid (FeHIF) or simulated fed intestinal fluid (SIF) but neither approach is optimal. FeHIF is difficult to obtain and variable, while for fed SIF multiple recipes are available with no consensus on the ideal version. A recent study characterised FeHIF aspirates using a multidimensional approach and calculated nine simulated media recipes that covered over ninety percent of FeHIF compositional variability. In this study the equilibrium solubility of thirteen drugs have been measured using the nine simulated media recipes and compared to multiple previous design of experiment (DoE) studies, which have examined the impact of fed SIF media components on solubility The measured nine media solubility data set is only statistically equivalent to the large scale 92 media DoE in 4 out of 13 drug comparisons, but has improved equivalence against small scale DoEs (9 or 10 media) with 6 out of 9 or 10 out of 12 (9 and 10 media resp.) equivalent Selective removal of non-biorelevant compositions from the 92 media DoE improves statistical equivalence to 9 out of 13 comparisons. The results indicate that solubility equivalence is linked to media component concentrations and compositions, the nine media system is measuring a similar solubility space to previous systems, with a narrower solubility range than the 92 point DoE but equivalent to smaller DoE systems. Phenytoin and tadalafil display a narrow solubility range, a behavior consistent with previous studies in fed and fasted states and only revealed through the multiple media approach. Custom DoE anal. of the nine media results to determine the most statistically significant component influencing solubility does not detect significant components. Indicating that the approach has a low statistical resolution and is not appropriate if determination of media component significance is required. This study demonstrates that it is possible to assess the fed intestinal equilibrium solubility envelope using the nine media recipes obtained from a multi-dimensional anal. of fed HIF. The derivation of the nine media compositions coupled with the results in this study indicate that the solubility results are more likely to reflect the fed intestinal solubility envelope than previous DoE studies and highlight that the system is worthy of further investigation.

European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics published new progress about Bioavailability. 72509-76-3 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, name is 3-Ethyl 5-methyl 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, and the molecular formula is C18H19Cl2NO4, Application of 3-Ethyl 5-methyl 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Alhalaweh, Amjad published the artcileMolecular drivers of crystallization kinetics for drugs in supersaturated aqueous solutions, Recommanded Product: 3-Ethyl 5-methyl 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, the main research area is drug crystallization kinetics supersaturated aqueous solution; crystallization; glass; in silico modeling; physicochemical properties; precipitation; supersaturation.

In this study, we explore mol. properties of importance in solution-mediated crystallization occurring in supersaturated aqueous drug solutions Furthermore, we contrast the identified mol. properties with those of importance for crystallization occurring in the solid state. A literature data set of 54 structurally diverse compounds, for which crystallization kinetics from supersaturated aqueous solutions and in melt-quenched solids were reported, was used to identify mol. drivers for crystallization kinetics observed in solution and contrast these to those observed for solids. The compounds were divided into fast, moderate, and slow crystallizers, and in silico classification was developed using a mol. K-nearest neighbor model. The topol. equivalent of Grav3 (related to mol. size and shape) was identified as the most important mol. descriptor for solution crystallization kinetics; the larger this descriptor, the slower the crystallization Two electrotopol. descriptors (the atom-type E-state index for -Caa groups and the sum of absolute values of pi Fukui(+) indexes on C) were found to sep. the moderate and slow crystallizers in the solution The larger these descriptors, the slower the crystallization With these 3 descriptors, the computational model correctly sorted the crystallization tendencies from solutions with an overall classification accuracy of 77% (test set).

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Philadelphia, PA, United States) published new progress about Crystallization. 72509-76-3 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, name is 3-Ethyl 5-methyl 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, and the molecular formula is C18H19Cl2NO4, Recommanded Product: 3-Ethyl 5-methyl 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Koerber, Thomas published the artcileSystematic differences in the relaxation stretching of polar molecular liquids probed by dielectric vs magnetic resonance and photon correlation spectroscopy, Product Details of C18H19Cl2NO4, the main research area is relaxation stretching polar liquid NMR dielec photon correlation spectroscopy.

Relaxation spectra of mol. glass formers devoid of secondary relaxation maxima, as measured by dielec. spectroscopy (DS), NMR relaxometry, photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), and Fabry-Perot interferometry, are quant. compared in terms of the Kohlrausch stretching parameter βK. For a reliable estimate of βK, the excess wing contribution has to be included in the spectral anal. The relaxation stretching probed by PCS and NMR varies only weakly among the liquids (βK = 0.58 ± 0.06). It is similar to that found in DS, provided that the liquid is sufficiently nonpolar (relaxation strength Δε≲6). For larger strengths, larger βDSK (narrowed relaxation spectra) are found when compared to those reported from NMR and PCS. Frequency-temperature superposition (FTS) holds for PCS and NMR. This is demonstrated by data scaling and, for the few glass formers for which results are available, by the equivalence of the susceptibilities χ′′PCS(ωτ) ∼ χ′′NMR(τ) ∼ χ′′NMR(ω), i.e., measuring at a constant frequency is equivalent to measuring at a constant temperature or constant correlation time. In this context, a plot of the spin-lattice relaxation rate R1(T) as a function of the spin-spin relaxation rate R2(T) is suggested to reveal the stretching parameter without the need to perform frequency-dependent investigations. Dielec., we identify a trend of increasing deviations from FTS with increasing Δε. Depending on the technique and glass former, the relative relaxation strength of the excess wing varies, whereas its exponent appears to be method independent for a given substance. For polar liquids, we discuss possible reasons for the discrepancy between the results from PCS and NMR as compared to those from DS.

Journal of Chemical Physics published new progress about Dielectric loss. 72509-76-3 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, name is 3-Ethyl 5-methyl 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, and the molecular formula is C18H19Cl2NO4, Product Details of C18H19Cl2NO4.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Koli, Akshay R. published the artcileOral bioavailability improvement of felodipine using tailored microemulsion: Surface science, ex vivo and in vivo studies, Recommanded Product: 3-Ethyl 5-methyl 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, the main research area is felodipine microemulsion delivery capmul Tween polyethylene glycol oral bioavailability; Felodipine; Microemulsion; Oral bioavailability; Pharmacokinetic studies; Surface science.

Felodipine is a calcium channel blocker, which shows low oral bioavailability (<15%) owing to poor water solubility and high first pass metabolism The aim of the present investigation was to study the surface science (dynamic surface tension) and characteristics of microemulsion (Capmul MCM, Tween 20 and polyethylene glycol) to enhance the oral bioavailability of felodipine by improving permeability of the drug in the intestine. The paper is the first attempt to study the stability of oil-water interface of microemulsion using bubble tensiometer. The Smix at 2:1 ratio showed the maximum microemulsion area which did not alter in the presence of drug. The microemulsion batch coded Fe-O5-Smix45 (5% Capmul MCM and 45% Smix) was selected based on transmittance (>99%), dilution (stable after 100 times dilution with water), size (15.1 nm), dispersibility (grade A) and thermodn. stability studies. The dynamic surface tension at newly created surface indicate the stability of surfactant film at the oil/water interface. The microemulsion was also stable in the presence of drug and in different buffer phases. The ex vivo intestinal permeability studies showed significant increase in the microemulsion permeation (74.1% after 1 h) in comparison to the felodipine suspension (16.9% after 1 h). The in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters in the rat model confirmed the improvement in oral bioavailability with microemulsion (relative bioavailability = 21.9) in comparison to the felodipine suspension, due to high surface area of oil droplets and its lymphatic uptake via transcellular route. In conclusion, the stable microemulsion offers a promising approach to improve the oral bioavailability of felodipine which can help to reduce the dose and its associated side effects.

International Journal of Pharmaceutics (Amsterdam, Netherlands) published new progress about Digestive tract. 72509-76-3 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, name is 3-Ethyl 5-methyl 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, and the molecular formula is C18H19Cl2NO4, Recommanded Product: 3-Ethyl 5-methyl 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Huang, Jessica published the artcileAngiotensin axis antagonists increase the incidence of haemodynamic instability in dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker poisoning, Quality Control of 72509-76-3, the main research area is dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker angiotensin antagonist haemodynamic bsu; Angiotensin II receptor blockers; amlodipine; angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; overdose; toxicity.

Context Amlodipine, a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (CCB), is the leading cause of cardiovascular drug-related overdose deaths in the USA. In contrast, angiotensin-II receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) cause minimal toxicity in overdose. ACEIs/ARBs are often combined with dihydropyridines in hypertension treatment. Co-ingested ARBs/ACEIs may significantly contribute to the toxicity of dihydropyridine, but this has not been investigated. Objective To investigate the clin. outcomes from dihydropyridine overdoses with ARBs/ACEIs vs. dihydropyridine overdoses alone. Methods This was a retrospective study of patients reported to the New South Wales Poisons Information Center (NSW PIC) and 3 toxicol. units (Jan 2016 to Jun 2019) in Australia. Patients >14 years who took an overdose of dihydropyridines (amlodipine, felodipine, lercanidipine, nifedipine) were included. Concurrent overdoses with non-dihydropyridine CCBs, alpha-blockers and beta-blockers were excluded. Patient demographics, drugs exposure details, serial vital signs, treatments and outcome were collected.Results There were 100 patients. 68 took mixed overdoses of dihydropyridines with ARBs/ACEIs and 32 took single overdoses of dihydropyridines without ARBs/ACEIs. The mixed group had lower median nadir mean arterial pressures (62 vs 75 mmHg, p < 0.001), more frequently had hypotension (OR 4.5, 95%CI: 1.7-11.9) or bradycardia (OR 8.8, 95%CI: 1.1-70). Multivariable anal. indicated the mixed overdoses had an 11.5 mmHg (95%CI: 4.9-18.1) lower min. systolic blood pressure (SBP) compared with the single group; other factors associated with a lower min. SBP were higher doses [2.3 mmHg (95%CI: 1.1-3.5) lower per 10 defined daily doses] and younger age [2.2 mmHg (95%CI: 0.3-4.2) higher per decade]. A larger proportion of the mixed ingestion group received i.v. fluids (OR 5.7, 95%CI: 1.8-18.6) and antidotes and/or vasopressors (OR 2.9, 95%CI: 1.004-8.6). Conclusion Combined overdoses of dihydropyridines with ARBs/ACEIs caused more significant hypotension and required more haemodynamic support than overdoses of dihydropyridines alone. Clinical Toxicology published new progress about Abdominal pain. 72509-76-3 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, name is 3-Ethyl 5-methyl 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, and the molecular formula is C18H19Cl2NO4, Quality Control of 72509-76-3.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Li, Yuanliang published the artcileZearalenone exposure mediated hepatotoxicity via mitochondrial apoptotic and autophagy pathways: Associated with gut microbiome and metabolites, Category: pyridine-derivatives, the main research area is Lactococcus hepatotoxicity zearalenone mitochondria apoptosis autophagy hepatocyte gut microbiota; Gut microbiome; Hepatotoxicity; Metabolomics; Zearalenone.

Zearalenone (ZEN), a mycotoxin is frequently detected in different food products and has been widely studied for its toxicity. However, the underlying mechanisms of hepatotoxic effects, relationship between gut microbiome and liver metabolite mediated hepatotoxicity mechanisms induced by ZEN are still not clear. Here, we reported that the different microscopic changes like swelling of hepatocyte, disorganization of hepatocytes and extensive vacuolar degeneration were observed, and the mitochondrial functions decreased in exposed mice. Results exhibited up-regulation in expression of signals of apoptosis and autophagy in liver of treated mice via mitochondrial apoptotic and autophagy pathway (Beclin1/p62). The diversity of gut microbiome decreased and the values of various microbiome altered in treated mice, including 5 phyla (Chloroflexi, Sva0485, Methylomirabilota, MBNT15 and Kryptonia) and genera (Frankia, Lactococcus, Anaerolinea, Halomonas and Sh765B-TzT-35) significantly changed. Liver metabolism showed that the concentrations of 91 metabolite including lipids and lipid like mols. were significantly changed. The values of phosphatidylcholine, 2-Lysophosphatidylcholine and phosphatidate concentrations suggestive of abnormal glycerophosphate metabolism pathway were significantly increased in mice due to exposure to ZEN. In conclusion, the findings suggest that the disorders in gut microbiome and liver metabolites due to exposure to ZEN in mice may affect the liver.

Toxicology published new progress about Actinobacteria. 72509-76-3 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, name is 3-Ethyl 5-methyl 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, and the molecular formula is C18H19Cl2NO4, Category: pyridine-derivatives.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem